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Impact of family as agent of socialization
Impact of family as agent of socialization
The importance of the nuclear family
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“Nothing in the world could make human life happier than to greatly increase the number of strong families” writes David R. Mace, a seminal advocate of marriage enrichment. Is this statement an idealistic exaggeration, a poetic ideal, or is it an accurate observation of the profound impact of the nuclear family on the functioning of society. A review of the literature bears witness to the accuracy of Mace’s quote. Through the long history of human civilization and across every culture, the family is the foundational structure of society and strengthening the family will strengthen the society. The family unit provides the initial and most influence in the vital process of socialization. Given the documented importance of the nuclear family in the socialization of children, it is imperative to understand, support and strengthen the optimal socialization for child development. Healthy nuclear families are inherently the most efficacious structure to provide the optimal foundation for a child’s socialization and development. The family provides children a safe haven where they may be nurtured physically, emotionally, and socially to mature into fully functioning members of society. Nuclear families have distinct advantages over non-traditional arrangements. Increased stability both financially and emotionally, as well as consistency and relationships are attributes of the nuclear family. Many studies have researched and produced evidence in support of the traditional family and effects of the family structure on children. However, along with the positive characteristic of the traditional family, statistics have also shown some negative effects of non-traditional family entity. Though there are some disadvantages, it does not discoun... ... middle of paper ... ...flin, 1998. 26-57. Hilton, Jeanne, and Esther Devall. "Comparison of Parenting and Children's Behavior in Single-Mother, Single-Father, and Intact Families." Journal of Divorce and Remarriage. 29.3-4 (1998): 23-54. Jongsma, Arthur, Jr., Peterson, Mark, Mclnnis, William and David Berghuis. The Child Psychotherapy Treatment Planner. 2 ed. New York: John Willey & Sons, Inc., 2000. 200-220. Kriesberg, Louis. Mothers in Poverty: A Study of Fatherless Families. 1st ed. New Brunswick: Marshall, Jean, and Sue Stuart. Child Development. 1st ed. Oxford: Heinemann Educational Publishers, 2001. 96. Rohner, Ronald, and Robert Veneziano. "The importance of father love: History and contemporary evidence." Journal of Review of General Psychology. 5.4 (2001): 382-405. Seefeldt, Carol. Social Studies for the Preschool/Primary Child. 7 th. New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 2004. 132-136.
Berk, L. (2009). Child Development (Custom Edition for Pennsylvania State University ed.). New York : Custom Publishing.
Times have changed; the nuclear family is no longer the American ideal because family needs have changed since the 1950's. This American convention of a mother and father and their two children, were a template of films and early television as a depiction of the American family life. Now seen as archaic and cliché by today’s standards, but the idea is common throughout many of the first world nations in the world. This ideal was a vast departure from the past agrarian and pre industrial families, and was modeled and structured as the ‘American dream’ father working, mother maintaining the household and children molded to be simulacra of the parents. This portrayal was not the standard; many communities throughout America had a different structure due to social and racial values or economic constraints. The 1950’s also brought about a change in technology that brought the world to everyone’s homes and gave people plenty to think about.
The role of a father is more than just another parent at home (Popenoe, 1996). Having a father, the male biological parent in a child’s life is important because it brings a different type of parenting that cannot be replicated by anyone else (Stanton, 2010). Fathers who are present and active in a child’s life provide great benefits to a developing child (Popenoe, 1996). Having a father brings a different kind of love. The love of the father is more expectant and instrumental, different from the love of a mother (Stanton, as cited in Pruett, 1987).
Over the past decades, the patterns of family structure have changed dramatically in the United States. The typical nuclear family, two married parents with children living together in one household, is no longer the structure of the majority of the families today. The percentage of single-parent families, step-families and adopted families has increased significantly over the years. The nuclear family is a thing of the past. Family situations have tremendous influence upon a child’s academic achievement, behavior and social growth.
Smith, P., Cowie, H. and Blades, M. (2003). Understanding children’s development (4th ed.). UK: Blackwell Publishing.
As a primary institution, it carries with it the responsibility as an agent of socialization that possess the responsibility in ensuring social stability, implementing a set of family values, as well as playing a direct role in child rearing. When employing this perspective to the nuclear family, it allows us to examine how each individual within this family form is socialized with the notion of gender roles. The nuclear family ideology assigned different roles to men and women based on gendered lines. Placing focus on the way in each individual is given a gender role; the nuclear family displays the same characteristics as the process of socialization as it too causes a distinction of a male and female role within the family
Peterson, L., & Zill, N. (1986). Marital disruption, parent-child relationships, and behavior problems in children. 48(02), 295-307. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/discover/10.2307/352397?uid=3738672&uid=2129&uid=2&uid=70&uid=4&sid=47698773131477
Peterson, Candida C., James L. Peterson, and Diane Seeto. Child Developement. Vol. 54. N.p.: Blackwell Publishing, n.d. JSTOR. Web. 29 Sept. 2011.
John Santrock’s Child Development is probably the most up to date, well researched and therefore the most accurate book in its field. Now in its fourteenth edition it has certainly stood the test of time considering it was first published in 1978. This topically organised text presents a wealth of information that is applicable and adaptable and is uncomplicated to read and understand. Eloquently written and logically presented it covers all aspects of child development
McDevitt, T.M, & Ormrod, J. E. (2010). Child development and education (4th ed). New Jersey: Pearson Education.
According to information disclosed in the 2012 U.S. Census Bureau, the number of children raised in single-parent households continues to skyrocket. Children with two parents in the home, earning two separate incomes, tend to have better financial, societal, educational advantages. The effects of a single-parenting on a child’s behavior can be extensive and impact multiple ranges of life in a negative or positive way. In the United States alone, the effects of single-parenting on children fall into two categories: (1) those credited to the lower socioeconomic standing of single parents and (2) the short-term repercussions of divorce that temperate over time. The passage of time, the quality of the relationship with the parents, and the magnitude
Kleist, D. M. (1999, Oct.). Single-parent families: A difference that makes a difference? Family Journal, 7(4), 373-378.
Over the past 20 years, the rate of single parent families has increased tremendously and have become even more common than other types of family(Nuclear and extended family) consisting of father,mother,children and other family members.Today we see all sorts of single parent families headed by mothers, headed by fathers, headed by a grandparent raising their grandchildren. The motive of this research was to find out how single parenthood affects a child 's behaviour. I was interested in researching on how single parenting affects a child 's behaviour because nowadays, we see a lot of single parent.
A nuclear family is what some people view as they typical family in the United States today but actually, it is a minority. A nuclear family consists of a wife and husband and their biological or adopted children. Nuclear families have many benefits in today's society. For parents, the presence of more than one adult can mean an increase in the family’s income along with support for each parent as he or she finds that balance between parenting, work, and other responsibilities, that most every parent struggles to find. With a smaller number of people to support within the family, f...