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Developmental stages of life
Stages of life span development
Developmental stages of life
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Precambrian
Geologic
The Precambrian era is about 90% of the earth’s geologic life. It refers to all geologic time before 600 million years ago. During the Precambrian era, the earth formed along with the oceans and atmosphere. Originally, the earth was in a molten state, but as it cooled down, it developed a hard crust and oceans that developed water vapor to form an atmosphere. About five hundred million years after the earth was formed, small continents started to form. The plate tectonics also started to build up. As the earth grew older within this period, the layers of the earth started to form. The continents were thought to be joined together in one super continent. It is thought that the end of the Precambrian era was the start of a global ice age.
Biologic
The earth was more than six hundred million years old when the first signs of life started to show. The planet had cooled down from its molten state enough to support life. Scientists believe that the water was the reason that the earth formed its first life. The earliest living organisms were microscopic bacteria. There is fossil evidence of them from as early as 3.4 billion years ago. The first mulitcelled organisms have fossil evidence that dates back to about six hundred million years ago. The main forms of life consisted of sponges, cnidarians, and annelids.
Paleozoic
Cambrian
Geologic
The Cambrian time period was the first in the Paleozoic era. It lasted about fifty-three million years. As the period started, the continents started to pull apart. Land masses were scattered. During this time period the oceans started to oxygenate. The Cambrian was thought to be in the middle of two ice ages; however, there were no significant ice formations during this tim...
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...lision, sea levels were lower. The poles began to gain ice caps. Due to all the ice, the sea levels dropped even more. With the sea levels decreasing, there was more land between continents for animals to travel across. Due to the continually cooling climates, the earth entered an Ice Age. The lower sea levels and new mountain ranges contributed to it. There were a lot more ice caps than there are today.
Biologic
Due to the cooling climates, the forests began to transform into grasslands. New predators began evolving to be fit to chase animals in the grasslands. Cheetahs and leopards were among those animals. They had to adapt or starve. There was also new plant life in the oceans. Kelp began to grow in cooler waters. Sharks also began to develop new species. One species grew to be about fifty feet long. However, it became extinct about 1.6 million years ago.
The primordial Soup theory was discovered in 1920. According to the Russian scientist A.I. Oparin and English Geneticist J.B.S. Haldane life started in a warm pond/ocean in a process that took place 3.8 billion years ago. A combination of chemicals made fatty acids which made protein. In this process a molecule was born in the atmosphere. The molecule was energized with lightning and rain making “organic soup”. The first organisms would have to be simple heterotrophs in order to survive.
After the Laramide orogeny things were still happening, just as always with Earth. Something is always changing even if it is not detectable day by day. Due to the Farallon Plate subducting there was a suction like effect going on because of the water that was being taken in with it (Humphreys). This would cause the North American plate to become weak and unstable, because it was being hydrated. This eventually would result in large plateaus and large amounts of uplift (Humphreys). There are many things that have been going on through out this time period but it all turns around and creates and shapes the earth into what it is today as well as what it will be in the future.
Mother earth has gone through a lot of changes throughout its four and a half billion-year existence. Earth has seen many different climates and many different species. Because of these changes geologists have broken earths history into different time periods. One such time period was the Pennsylvanian time period. The Pennsylvanian time period is a subdivision of the Carboniferous period. The Pennsylvanian period saw the introduction of many different species that are still present today along with a very different climate and different geographical features than are present today.
Palaeogeography deals with the reconstruction of physical geographical conditions for the eras of the Earth's history. The term comes from the Greek παλαιός (palaiós) meaning ‘old’ and γεωγραφία (geōgraphía) meaning ‘a description of the earth’ and seems to have been introduced in the Earth sciences vocabulary as ‘Palaeo-Geographie’ by Ami Boué (1794‒1881), a French‒Austrian geologist, in his publication Einiges zur palaeo-geologischen Geographie (Boué, 1875, p. 2). Palaeogeography focuses on the distribution of land and sea, the spread of mountains and volcanoes and the expansion of glaciations, among others. The results are presented in geographic depictions called palaeogeographic maps. A special kind of palaeogeograpahical map is palaeobiogeographical maps depicting the distribution of
The Carboniferous Period was a time period in the Geological Time Scale that came after the Devonian Period and ended at the beginning of the Permian Period. It lasted from 359 to 298 million years ago. The Carboniferous got its name from the large amount of coal deposits that were found during this time scale. In North America, the period is often separated into two, the Mississippian and the Pennsylvanian.
The Jurassic period was the second segment of the Mesozoic Era. It occurred from 199.6 to 145.5 millions years ago, following the Triassic Period and preceding the Cretaceous Period. During the Jurassic Period, the supercontinent Pangaea split apart. Laurentia, the northern half, made up what would eventually form North America and Eurasia. The creation of these opened basins for the central Atlantic and the Gulf of Mexico. The southern half, Gondwana, drifted into an eastern segment that now forms Antarctica, Madagascar, India, and Australia, and a western portion that forms the present Africa and South America. This rifting, along with generally warmer global temperatures, allowed for diversification and dominance of the reptiles known as dinosaurs. Along with dinosaurs, several different types of life and rock formations emerged during the Jurassic period.
Paleolithic is often referred to as the Old Stone Age. "Paleo" means old and "lithic" means stone. The Neolithic time period is often referred to as the New Stone Age. "Neo" means new and "lithic" also means stone. The Paleolithic culture or way of life began about 2.5 to 2 million years ago. The Paleolithic Period ended at different times in different parts of the world, generally around 12,000 years ago in Europe and the Middle East. When the Paleolithic period ended, the Neolithic period took over and began 12,000 years ago somewhere in the Middle East, and later in other parts of the world. It is characterized by the beginning of farming, the domestication of animals, the development of crafts such as pottery and weaving, and the making of polished stone tools. Life changed dramatically between Paleolithic and Neolithic times.
The Permian Period occurred around 298 million years ago. It stretched from the Carboniferous Era to the Triassic. Sir Roderick Murchison in the early 1800’s noticed a differentiation among the overlay of the rock formation in the Ural Mountains in Russia. These rocks differed from the older Carboniferous rocks in Britain, and seemed younger than the Triassic rocks of Europe. Murchison named this differentiation after the prehistoric kingdom of Perm, thus the Permian Period.
...t of laurasia, just like most of the other plates. North America,Europe, and Green land all used to be connect because of Pangea ( as mentioned earlier). But when everything started to separate, first europe, then green land, and lastly the North American plate. After pangea was no more and the plates all started moving, the continents started going their own ways, there fore putting the continents where they are today.
According to the Bible, God created the first man, Adam, from the soil and the first woman, Eve, from Adam’s rib. These events happened in the Garden of Eden almost six thousand years ago. That is one of the many beliefs of how carbon based life forms, otherwise referred to as living organisms, came to exist on Earth. Since the beginning of man’s reign on earth he has tried to explain his origins. He has used various religions and myths of being created by some higher power and he has looked toward the stars and planets thinking that perhaps life came to earth by way of space ship or meteorite. Even in today’s world of high technology we have yet to answer that age-old question, but scientists are closer than they have ever been before. Scientists from many different fields have been researching our beginnings and they have many different theories of how we came to exist. One of those theories is that life originated at the bottom of the ocean near an underwater hydrothermal vent.
According to scientists, one of the most extraordinary bursts of evolution ever known was the Cambrian Explosion. For most of the nearly 4 billion years that life has existed on Earth, evolution produced little beyond bacteria, plankton, and multi-celled algae. Then, about between 570 and 530 million years ago, another burst of diversification occurred. This stunning period is termed the "Cambrian explosion," taking the name of the geological age in which the earlier part occurred. A recent study revealed that life evolved during the Cambrian Period at a rate about five times faster than today. But it was certainly not as rapid as an explosion; the changes seems to have taken around 30 million years, and some stages took 5 to 10 million years. The Cambrian explosion was a period of time where life evolved into numerous multifaceted organisms that developed into the vertebrates and human life as we know today.
One theory, which explains the mass extinctions of the Permian, is the reduction of shallow continental shelves due to the formation of the super-continent Pangaea. Pangaea at the time of the Permian extinction extended from pole to pole. It was formed about 300,000 million years ago by the collision of Laurasia from the north and Gondwana from the south. The super ocean Panthalasa surrounded it. The theory of the formation of Pangaea and the mass extinction occurred over 250 million years ago. The Pangaea theory states that all present continents were once together and collectively known as a super continent. The Pangaea was integrated at the beginning of the Permian time, and reached its acme during the late Permian to early Triassic. During this time the average thickness of a continental lithosphere was higher, and all oceans gathered to form Panthalasa. The peak of Pangaea and Panthalasa was a period of high continent and deep ocean, which unavoidably makes great regression and influence on the earths system especially climate. As mentioned above, during the formation of Pangaea there was reduction of shallow continental shelves. Such a reduction in oceanic continental shelve would result in ecological competition for space, perhaps acting as an agent for extinction. Pangaea broke up about 200 million years ago, and the split up pieces is what are earth is now. At the time of the mass extinction, Pangaea created glaciation, produced change in regional and global climates and caused marine deterioration. Overall this theory of Pangaea is sustainable, due to the fact that it happened during the early and middle Permian period.
After the asteroid had crashed the ice age came because the sun was covered by lots of ash and dust and that made the Earth so cold. The ice age was on Earth for a long time. During the ice age many animals almost got extinct. After a long time the Earth became a little warmer, and slowly the snow and ice was melting away. When the asteroid crashed it was hard for the animals to survive and it was also hard for them to survive the ice age.
How life originated on earth is a question that people have wondered for ages. One possibility that answer this brilliant question is the panspermia theory, which suggests that life on earth originated thanks to the contribution of cosmic beings that come from any point in the universe. This hypothesis does not speak of organisms ranging in meteorites moving through the universe to the Earth to conquer it, but it speaks of complex chemical substances which had been formed earlier from the origins of the universe, which reached the earth at any given time.
Earth system refers to the earths interacting physical, biological, and chemical processes. The system consists of land, oceans, atmosphere and poles. The earth system has four spheres, including the geosphere, the hydrosphere, the atmosphere, and the biosphere. The geosphere refers to the solid parts of the earth system, including earth’s rocky crust, mantle, and the metallic core. Within the geosphere is the lithosphere, which only refers to the uppermost layers of solid earth. The uppermost layers of solid earth are the oceanic and continental crust rocks. Just below the crust is the mantle, which is composed mostly of magnesium and iron silicate minerals. The mantle accounts for about 2/3 of the