The Causes of the Food Crisis in Niger
Niger has faced persistent food insecurity for quite some time. Their increasing food crisis has only been worsened by their climate change, desertification, and population growth.
As one of the hottest and poorest country in the world, with a population of 20.67 million, growing at a rapid 3.8% annually, Niger’s food crisis and insecurity has been on the rise. According to the UNDP’s 2015 Human Development Index, Niger was ranked as one of the least developed countries. As a completely landlocked country, in the middle of Africa’s Sahel region, Niger is predominately hot, dry, and dusty desert. With extremely small amounts of average rainfall, and temperatures as high as 41°C in August, it is easy to understand why Niger is experiencing an increased food crisis. A reported 1.5 million people in Niger have also been affected by food insecurity in 2017, and almost 20% of the
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Due to the majority of Niger being hot, dry, and dusty desert, extreme natural disasters such as droughts and floods have become prone to Niger’s landscape, leading to a number of widespread problems. According to “Internationally Reported Losses 1990 – 2014 EMDAT” from the International Disaster Database, 73.1% of Niger’s total annual average losses were caused extreme floods, 23.1% droughts, and 3.8% storms. The database also reports 98.6% of deaths being caused by floods, and up to 100% of major economic issues being directly caused by extreme floods. Outbreaks of epidemics and the spread of disease throughout Niger’s living environments have also had a major impact on Niger’s increasing food crisis. Niger’s large number of natural disasters has resulted in poor, decimated or failed harvests, food shortages, reduced number of workers and destruction of farmland has ultimately resulted in food scarcity and higher prices for the available
President Obama once said, “As the wealthiest nation on Earth, I believe the United States has a moral obligation to lead the fight against hunger and malnutrition, and to partner with others.” Food insecurity has always been an issue of the public as well as around the world. For so long, many generations of Americans have been living in poverty or in a low income state. It would be surprise as to how many Americans are living in poverty. As a result of this living situation, there are problems that arise with it. One of the problems is food insecurity. Food insecurity can be simply explained as not having access to affordable and quality food. This problem can lead to serious
Food insecurity is defined by those who either do not have enough or are at real risk of not having enough food for their family. In May of 2009, there were approximately 38 million Americans defined as food insecure. That number grew to nearly 49 million 6 months later, and today there are over 50 million food insecure Americans (1 out of every 6). I find this astounding, because about 30 percent of all produce is thrown away before it even reaches the grocery store. Why? Because of cosmetic imperfections that are stipulated by large grocers that decide how produce should look. That is roughly 100 billion pounds of food a year or 1 pound per American per day that is being wasted because they aren’t pretty. America has begun to cater to only the perfectionist shoppers and has forgotten about those who do not have the money to purchase highly-priced produce. One of the ways we can start to solve this problem is through minimizing food waste at the beginning of the chain. Farmers typically throw away roughly 30 percent of all produce because they do not meet the guidelines for color, shape or number of blemishes. Instead, we should be following the
This is a problem that affects the nation entirely. However, there are some states that have a significantly larger population facing food insecurity. Many, but not all, of these states lie in the South Eastern region of the United States. Mississippi and Arkansas both have over 19.5% of their populations facing food insecurity (“Hunger and Poverty Statistics”). The US has been facing food security issues since its establishment. However, the problem began to draw immense public attention during the Great Depression. While there was not one sole focusing event, the images of bread lines and the millions of starving Americans caused policy makers to begin drafting legislation to alleviate these issues. This issue of hunger moved from the systematic agenda into the institutional agenda in May of 1939, when the first Food Stamp Program was piloted (“A Short History on SNAP”). However, this program became obsolete after just four years. It was not until 1961 that the federal government reinstituted a food distribution program. In fact, this was president John F. Kennedy’s first executive order (“A Short History on SNAP”). As time progressed, and political mood changed, many changes, modifications, and amendments have been made to the n...
World Food Programme. (2013). Comprehensive food security and vulnerability analysis (CFSVA): Uganda. Retrieved from http://documents.wfp.org/stellent/groups/public/documents/ena/wfp256989.pdf
Does anyone ever think about the effect going hungry has on a person’s overall health? Yes, they may not be obese as the rest of the country, but there are other health effects that directly affect a person when it comes to being food insecure. Food insecurity is defined as the state of being without reliable access to a sufficient quantity of affordable, nutritious food. Hunger in the United States affects so many people, more than one realizes for a country that is so well established. Huger affects children, seniors, different cultures, people that live in the rural areas of the country, and even the working class Americans in your surrounding communities, essentially your neighbors! Our government has established a few programs to help
Did you know that one in five households in the United States are considered to have food insecurity. Food insecurity is described by the USDA as meaning “consistent access to adequate food is limited by the lack of money and other resources at times during the year” (2014). This affects 31 million people in the United States, which includes 15.9 million children under the age of 18. For example, the Walls family in The Glass Castle written by Jeannette Walls leaves a great example of what it is like to be under these circumstances. Currently, with prices of food rising to an all time high, so does the number of people not able to buy the basic foods they need to live a full life. By increasing spending on food benefit programs in the United States, guarantees less people who suffer from food insecurity.
The question to be answered in this paper is to what extent has the resource curse affected the Nigerian economy and government? Resource curse is a term that states the observation that countries that have a plethora of natural resources (e.g. oil, coal, diamonds etc.) usually have unstable political and economic structures (Sachs, 827). Nigeria is categorized as a nation that has succumb to the resource curse as it has an abundance of, and an overdependence on, oil, and a decreasing gross domestic product (GDP) (Samuels, 321-322). Nigeria is known for its specialization and overdependence on oil and according to Ross, nations of such nature tend to have high levels of poverty, large class gaps, weak educational systems, more corruption within the government, and are less likely to become democracies (Ross, 356). The political instability and regime change in Nigeria will be observed in this paper. The resource curse has greatly weakened Nigeria as it has led to the numerous regime changes, the hindering of the nation’s democratization, corruption in the government, as well as, civil conflict.
Foods from Africa, which have impacted North American cuisine are numerous, and common in the everyday eating habits of Americans. In the 21st century, Americans take for granted the history of the food they eat, and the origins of the foods that are eaten today. In the early part of the history of the United States, people of European descent brought recipes from home and adapted their recipes to the ingredients which were available. The slave trade was directly responsible for what many Americans think of as American food, and those foods are traceable to Africa. Because slaves incorporated their own foods into the everyday lives of their masters, some of the unique foods from Africa and their history are not well known today. American
Obesity cannot be fixed without first fixing hunger and poverty. To be healthy it takes healthy foods (including fruits, vegetables, and low fat products) and burning more calories than digesting. Healthy foods can cost a lot of money and push low-income families to eat unhealthier processed foods. Obesity and hunger are connected it can each be connected to poverty. While obesity seems to be the result of too much food and hunger the lack of food, the common issue of poverty must be addressed in order to ease the obesity crisis in the United States.
Food insecurity and poor nutrition is an alarmingly large problem for low income families, especially in developing countries. Many strategies exist to fight this problem, although not many of these address all the factors contributing to it along with all the possible solutions to solve it. In many cases, multiple strategies must correlate and work together so that all the determinants of this issue are addressed and can fight food insecurity from different angles. This essay will discuss the significance of the problem, a range of possible strategies to solve the problem, and go into detail on a select few that will correlate and work together to solve different factors of food insecurity and poor nutrition.
With the increases in the global population and the increase need to feed this population, comes the great debate in how governments of the developed and developing world must tackle this important issue. In his article, The Politics of Hunger: How Illusion and Greed Fan the Food Crisis, Paul Collier examines the root causes of the food crisis and three ways (the slaying of giants) governments can easily come in finding a solution in the near-term, middle-term and long-term. The root causes, as outlined by Mr. Collier, are the increasing demand for food and increases in food prices. First, Collier states, “the first giant that must be slain is the middle to upper-class love affair with peasant agriculture.” In other words, increasing commercial agriculture and farming. Second, Collier states that the lifting of the genetically modified foods (GM crops) ban by Europe and Africa will allow a decrease in global food prices. Lastly, he states the United States must lift the subsidies on corn produced for biofuel and find an alternate biofuel source (like Brazilian sugar cane), thus decreasing the price on corn produced for food while increasing overall grain production.
Food insecurity is defined as a household-level socioeconomic issue where access to food is either limited or uncertain; hunger itself is an individual issue that may result from food insecurity. In America, the question of its citizens being hungry is a commonly addressed issue, but there seems to be no true change involved. The issue itself lies not in the fact that we don’t produce enough food, because we greatly overproduce, but in the fact that it is allocated to those who can afford to eat. The issue of societal classes further ties into the issue of food insecurity; the top one percent controls a majority of the country’s resources. The underlying question to food insecurity is how to solve it, and is it possible to develop a solution
One of the most complex issues in the world today concerns human population. The number of people living off the earth’s resources and stressing its ecosystem has doubled in just forty years. In 1960 there were 3 billion of us; today there are 6 billion. We have no idea what maximum number of people the earth will support. Therefore, the very first question that comes into people’s mind is that are there enough food for all of us in the future? There is no answer for that. Food shortage has become a serious problem among many countries around the world. There are many different reasons why people are starving all over the world. The lack of economic justice and water shortages are just merely two examples out of them all.
Famine and malnutrition is a problem that is plaguing almost everyone, everywhere. Almost every country is involved and is suffering. Some countries and nations ridden with famine would include Africa, the Middle East, South America, and Latin America. The causes of famine and malnutrition come from many varying sources. There isn’t one country that is the same as another. The root of the problem vary from natural disasters, poverty, lack of water, to corrupt governments.
Food security is when all people have physical, social and economic access to sufficient food to meet necessities for daily life, at all times. Food security is determined by availability, access, utilization and stability, all of which can be significantly impacted by interactions between income, agriculture industry and population growth (Food and Agriculture Organisation, 2009). Population growth is defined as the change in the resident population over a length of time and only comes from two sources: natural increase and immigration. Developing countries, such as South Africa, are more susceptible to food insecurity. Although South Africa has a high per capita income for a developing country, an annually decreasing population growth rate and is a major food producer, an estimated 14 million people, 35% of the population, suffer from food insecurity (Vella, 2012).