Nicotine Research Paper

Introduction

Nicotine

Nicotine illustrates one of the most popular addictive substances in the world. Since the early colonization of the united states, nicotine has increased in popularity with the first source originating from tobacco. Unfortunately, undesired health effects are present with tobacco use as a result of additives present in the smoke such as cyanide, benzene, formaldehyde, methanol, acetylene, and ammonia. The health effects of tobacco were publicized in the 1960s with large campaigns launching to spread awareness over the risks associated with its use; however, this attempt did not prove incredibly successful as a result of the nicotine dependence that developed with continued cigarette use.

In recent years, popularity of tobacco has increased with the use of waterpipes, more commonly known as hookah. The health risks associated with this form of smoking are similar to cigarettes as hookah pipes are linked to lung cancer and various other respiratory and heart diseases. The hookah apparatus heats charcoal, which indirectly heats the tobacco. The smoke filters through water at the bottom of the hookah pipe and draws up through a hose to the mouthpiece. Flavors are now added

Once histones are modified, the identification of these marks on histones is necessary to understand the relationship between environmental factors and epigenetic changes. Different chemical techniques are used for the purification and separation of histone proteins. To quantify the relative change in a histone modification, it is necessary to measure bands from the blot with the antibody of interest and the control proteins. This utilizes the western blot method, which involves separation by size, transfer to a solid support, and marking target proteins using primary and secondary antibodies. The proteins are separated by molecular weight by gel