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Feminism in indian literature
Research paper on nectar in a sieve
Research paper on nectar in a sieve
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In Kamala Markandaya’s novel, Nectar in a Sieve, the woman of great courage, Rukmani, is forced onto the commencement of a fast changing India caused by an increase in economic activity, urbanization and centralization of power. Rukmani resists and then is forced to conform to changes in her environment. Unlike those around her who threw their past away with both hands that they “might be the readier to grasp the present,” Rukmani “stood by in pain, envying such easy reconciliation” (Markandaya 29). Markandaya writes about Rukmani’s attempt to recover the aspects of her rural life that she cares most about, revealing her adoration for a traditional rural life and her belief that all women enjoy amicable, personal relationships with their outer …show more content…
However, like those who follow all other critical theories, feminist critics have multiple different opinions on all of the issues their specific criticism study’s. In fact, some feminists call their field “feminisms” in order to emphasize the variety of points of view of those who follow and offer ways of thinking that challenge the accustomed tendency to believe there is a single point of view that is ruled over all. Many of those new to the study of feminist theory, both genders, have decided, before being willing to open up to multiple points of view, that they “are not feminists because they don’t share whatever feminist point of view they have found the most objectionable” (Tyson 83). Feminists have observed the belief that men are superior to women being used, in order to “justify and maintain the male monopoly of positions of economic, political, and social power.” Or, to keep it simple, to strip women of their power by denying them the educational and occupational opportunities of obtaining economic, political, and social power. That is, “the inferior position long occupied by women in patriarchal society has been culturally, not biologically, produced” (Tyson …show more content…
Being so young and married at twelve, Rukmani experiences her own development (physical, emotional, sexual and psychological) through her work in the garden and the growth of her vegetables. Planting pumpkins for her first time is a moving process for her. In the passage describing the pumpkins, the most shocking part was not the satisfaction with herself or pride she feels, but the pleasure that the growth brings out of her. “Pumpkins began to form, which, fattening on soil and sun and water, swelled daily larger and larger and ripened to yellow and red, until at last they were ready to eat, and I cut one and took it in. When Nathan saw it he was full of admiration... “One would have thought you had never seen a pumpkin before,” I said, though pleased with him and myself, keeping my eyes down. “Not from our land,” said Nathan. “Therefore it is precious, and you, Ruku, are indeed a clever woman.” I tried not to show my pride. I tried to be offhand. I put the pumpkin away. But pleasure was making my pulse beat; the blood, unbidden, came hot and surging to my face” (Markandaya 10). Markandaya describes Rukmani’s pleasure in such an upfront and open way. The use of symbolism through nature does not convey sex as natural, it conveys relationships of pleasure/connectedness. This suggests the idea that the fertility of nature is linked to the maturation Rukmani experiences sexually.. This
Feminism can simply be defined as a range of movements and ideologies in which share a common ground in terms of defining, establishing and achieving equal opportunities to that of males, in regards to economic, cultural and social rights. It is a critique of male supremacy with efforts in changing this to end the social oppression of women. (Hooks, 2000)
In the U.S., feminism is understood as the rights of women (usually affluent white women) to share the spoils of capitalism, and imperial power. By refusing to fully confront the exclusions of non-whites, foreigners, and other marginalized groups from this vision, liberal feminists miss a crucial opportunity to create a more inclusive and more powerful movement. Feminist movements within the U.S. and internationally have long since accepted that, for them, feminism entails the communal confrontation of not only patriarchy, but capitalism, imperialism, white supremacy, and other forms of oppressions that combine together and reinforce their struggle. It means the fighting for the replacement of a system in which their rights are negated in the quest for corporate and political profit. It includes fighting so that all people anywhere on the gender, sexual, and body spectrum are allowed to enjoy basic rights like food, housing, healthcare, and control of their labor.
When destitution, poverty, and loss plague the life of the characters in Markandaya's Nectar in a Sieve one would expect money to be the biggest source of stability and happiness. However, if that path of thinking is followed, a re-reading of this book is recommended. Rukmani and the people around her have all struggled throughout their lives, yet they have all made a major contribution to her happiness and stability. The factors that have kept Rukmani grounded and sane are the same factors that bring out the best in people no matter what background, time period or location. The question of why Markandaya never assigned a time period or place to Nectar in a Sieve plays a significant role in how
In the novel, Nectar in a Sieve, the author, Kamala Markandaya creates various themes. One theme from the book is that tensions can be caused by modernization and industrial progress. This theme is highly prevalent throughout the story and broadens the reader’s outlook on modernization. Markandaya writes of a primitive village that is going through a severe change. Her ability to form a plethora of characters with different opinions, yet to share one main culture, helps highlight the tensions in the village.
Feminism has tackled gender inequality in the workforce, within politics, education and various institutes. Within the 20th century some of these issues faced in western culture have been completely reformed due to certain feminist movements that have encouraged women to fight for equal rights. (Crofton: 2011: 272-273) The first and second waves of feminism have proven to be successful by increasing equal rights between men and women. (Kaplan: 1992: 7) Despite these successes which include allowing there is still the fact of the matter remains that women are still objectified by their gender. ()The generalization of gender roles, have proven to be challenging within the feminist movement, this is often due to the objectification of women in the media. Also as feminism, is an ideology it has various schools of which have conflicting ideas of the ‘empowerment of women’ making it difficult to clarify on what is not acceptable in establishing women’s rights. (Fraser: 2014)
A change in one’s attitude can change one’s life. In the book, Nectar in a Sieve, the author, Kamala Markandaya, depicts one family’s struggle to survive through the never ending changes occurring in their lives. This story takes place in a small village of India during the late 1940’s. At this time in history, Britain has taken control of India. The story’s main character, Rukmani, experiences change in her youth and at the time accepts change as inevitable. Later, Rukmani, experiences change differently. Rukmani comes to realize that change is occurring faster as time goes on, but refuses to accept she has no control.
Kamala Markandaya’s novel, Nectar in a Sieve, focuses on a time period in which urban development is taking place in India. This disruption of the Indian culture brings forward the issue of what Edward Said would describe as, “the Other.” Edward Said’s theory helps to generate an understanding of stereotyping and binary structures in society. Due to the changes occurring in their society, the characters in Markandaya’s novel are often subjected to stereotypical beliefs for being different, which coincides with Said’s theory of “the Other.” Markandaya’s novel shows how the concept of “the Other” does not just apply to one specific group, but affects everyone.
Feminist sociology focuses on examining and understanding gender in its relation to power within society as well as individuals. The fundamental principle of feminist sociology is the idea that in most societies, women have been oppressed and that men have been more dominant throughout history. Feminist theory directly relates to feminist sociology. According to the Introduction to Sociology 2e textbook, “feminist theory is a type of conflict theory that examines inequalities in gender-related issues. It uses the conflict approach to examine the maintenance of gender roles and inequalities” (Openstax 261). This paper aims to analyze feminist theory, discuss its history, as well as emphasizing a current social
Throughout the texts we have read in English thus far have been feminist issues. Such issues range from how the author published the book to direct, open statements concerning feminist matters. The different ways to present feminist issues is even directly spoken of in one of the essays we read and discussed. The less obvious of these feminist critiques is found buried within the texts, however, and must be read carefully to understand their full meaning- or to even see them.
In just a few decades The Women’s Liberation Movement has changed typical gender roles that once were never challenged or questioned. As women, those of us who identified as feminist have rebelled against the status quo and redefined what it means to be a strong and powerful woman. But at...
Feminism is a perspective that views gender as one of the most important bases of the structure and organization of the social world. Feminists argue that in most known societies this structure has granted women lower status and value, more limited access to valuable resources, and less autonomy and opportunity to make choices over their lives than it has granted men. (Sapiro 441)
Markanday does not take about any specifics of time and place to make the universal across all time periods and places. This allows her to emphasize the emotions of the story and lets many different types of readers place themselves into the story.These lack of details makes the story more universal, because it will never be outdated or misplaced. The problems the characters face are problems faced everywhere, to this day. An example of this is the eviction of the family by landlord and how it is so similar in present-day urban areas under the pretense of gentrification. The universality of the book allows the book to reach and connect with a wide audience.
Among the many subjects covered in this book are the three classes of oppression: gender, race and class in addition to the ways in which they intersect. As well as the importance of the movement being all-inclusive, advocating the idea that feminism is in fact for everybody. The author also touches upon education, parenting and violence. She begins her book with her key argument, stating that feminist theory and the movement are mainly led by high class white women who disregarded the circumstances of underprivileged non-white women.
Throughout history, women have remained subordinate to men. Subjected to the patriarchal system that favored male perspectives, women struggled against having considerably less freedom, rights, and having the burdens society placed on them that had been so ingrained the culture. This is the standpoint the feminists took, and for almost 160 years they have been challenging the “unjust distribution of power in all human relations” starting with the struggle for equality between men and women, and linking that to “struggles for social, racial, political, environmental, and economic justice”(Besel 530 and 531). Feminism, as a complex movement with many different branches, has and will continue to be incredibly influential in changing lives.
Michael Levin, a professor of philosophy and author of the book Feminism and Freedom, faults feminism for trying to impose an inappropriate equality on men and women that conflicts basic biological differences between the sexes (Levin, Taking Sides, 42). Women are not the same as men, neither physically nor psychologically. In the past, men tended to be the stronger more powerful gender, while women have traditionally been viewed as the weaker, more feeble one. The untrue assumption that men and women are the same in their ways of thinking and physical capabilities leads to the failure of the feminist message. Their agenda of eliminating all observable differences between men and women is doomed to fail and will inflict more pain than gain in the process. Recognizing the differences between the sexes and allowing each to do what they are strongest at will in the long run make society stronger, more efficient, and more effective.