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Rise of communism in Poland
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How did nationalism affect Poland during the 19th century and 20th century? Introduction Poland is located in between former territories of Russia, Czechoslovakia and Germany. Historically, these countries were stronger than Poland during the 19th and 20th centuries. As a result this lead to nationalism and a change in the view of the nobility in Poland. Overall, nationalism is described as a feeling people have of being loyal and proud of their country. In regards to the people of Poland, they felt proud and loyal to Poland, but were often controlled by other countries. This feeling of nationalism became as a strong gradual movement in the 19th century due to the control. The following themes of the political background, type of nationalist feelings and movements, and wars fought affecting nationalism in Poland will be analyzed in this essay. Political background affecting Nationalism …show more content…
Political power was shifted from the monarchy to the people as industry began to develop in Poland and this created the middle class. This creation of the middle class and democrization of political life away from the monarchy provided the people with more control. By the 20th century, political life became more democratic as the common man became more politically active. Even the farmers played an important role in this movement and in the 1920s, polish peasants fought against the communist Bolshevics in defense of their
In the beginning of the twentieth century, the economy was booming, new technology flourished. The rapid industrialization brought achievement to the United States, however, it also caused several social problems. Wealth and power were concentrated in the hands of a few, and poverty and political corruption were widespread. As people became aware of these problems, a new reform group was created. Unlike populism, which had been a group of farmers grown desperate as the economy submerged into depression, the new reform movement arose from the educated middle class. These people were known as the progressives. The Progressive Movement was a movement that aimed at solving political, economic, and social problems. The Progressives were people from the middle class who had confidence that they could achieve social progress through political reform. The Progressives sought after changes and improvements in the society through laws and other federal actions.
The nationalists sought to form new countries or to restore a nation to the original people by forcing the controlling powers out. Nationalists also wanted a common language in each nation instead of many different languages and dialects. Nationalism was a threat to multi-national empires like the Austrian Empire as it contained many different ethnic groups. If those groups were to all breakaway, then there would be no more Austrian Empire. Nationalists movement happened all across Europe. The major movements took place in Ireland, Germany, Poland, and Italy. Nationalism was not an ideology that was confined to the 19th century, however. It was used to great success by the National Socialist Party in Germany in the 1930s and 1940s as they desired a unification of all the German-speaking people. All of this shows that nationalism was indeed one of the most important and power ideologies of the 19th and 20th
There are two countries that flourish due to Nationalism, Germany and Italy. The creation of Germany was possible through nationalism. Nationalism brought German community to unify and create a nation. On the other hand, the rivalry of the great powers to control other territories grew more as countries were wanting to influence past their borders. “The great powers had come into conflict over spheres of influence in China and over territories in Africa, and the Eastern Question, created by the decline of the Ottoman Empire, had produced several disturbing controversies.”(“World War I” 2015) Militarism was another aspect of these ideologies where countries would increase military spending to get new weapons and increase the military size. This gave people the idea that war was the only solution to their problems and also intensified nationalism because it increased their confidence in the military, thinking their country could win any battle against any foe. “Imperialist and nationalist, resulted in a hardening of alliance systems in the Triple Alliance and Triple Entente and in a general armaments race.(“World War I”
satisfied and in doing so, they created a new and improved Poland. Previous to the formation of
The rise of European nationalism in the 19th Century brought with it an overabundance amount of change that would definitively modify the course of history. The rise of nationalism in one country would rouse greater nationalism in another, which would in turn, motivate even greater nationalism in the first, progressively intensifying the cycle that eventually concluded in a World War. Nationalism as an ideology produced international competition which inspired absolute allegiance to an individual’s nation state. The ideology was fueled by industrial commerce and imperialistic developments which led to nation-states pursuits of outcompeting rival nations.
Poland is a country located in Central Europe. The official capitol is Warsaw, and the major language spoken is Polish, including Russian, German, Byelorussian, and Kashubian. Poland has been known for being a strong, diverse country struggling for independence, and still remaining a strong nation standing up for its right and existence. Also known for being a wondrous country with a magnificent land, culture, and history, Poland has rich background and is definitely a country worth learning about.
Nationalism is a devotion and loyalty to one’s own nation, with primary emphasis on furthering its interests as opposed to those of other countries. This feeling widely spread throughout Europe during the 19th and 10th centuries and caused many problems. The Slavic people of Bosnia and Herzegovina wanted to break away from Austria-Hungary and unify with other Slavic nations. Russia as a Slavic nation backed up the two countries in this matter, therefore causing tensions between Austria-Hungary and itself. Nationalism was also a source of anger between France and Germany as France resented its defeat in the Franco-Prussian War (1870-1871).
The second type of nationalism, official nationalism. was developed after and in response to popular nationalism. Official nationalism was nationalism that was supported by governments in states. This approach was used to increase the power of the state and to quell revolutionary sentiments. Further, this approach emphasized sameness and focus on one culture as seen in czarist Russia’s Russification policies (Anderson 2006, 86). Various countries took different approaches to growing nationalist calls that defined their
This paper discusses how socialism and nationalism were both antagonistic and cooperative forces at different points in the nineteenth and twentieth century. It discusses how both socialism and nationalism grew in popularity as political ideologies. Although prevalent in many european countries throughout the two centuries, the two forces were most influential in Germany.Socialism was created by Karl Marx in Germany and nationalism had been present since the birth of the nation. There in Germany the relationship between the two fluctuated heavily. Nationalism and socialism were also important factors in the history of countries like Russia, France and Italy. Nationalism was used to unite certain groups or ethnicities, while socialism was devoted to
Contains information about Poland after the third and final partition of 1795. It is mostly about the ‘November Insurrection’ of 1831 and the uprising in 1863 and their repercussions.
Nationalism, the love and support of one's country, has always existed. In this era, however, it was to take part in the creation of one of the most famous wars in history. Since so much pride was devoted to countries, it made the possibilities of peace between past rivals less probable. It also meant that most nations, especially the great powers, would rather fight a war than back down from a rival's diplomatic provocation. In effect, nationalism was also a contributing factor to the alliance system. No country feels comfortable being in a war alone, and with the growing militaries in almost every country, allies provided much comfort.
Nationalism was born with the French Revolution. Nationalism refers to the belief that the state and the nation should coincide as a single entity. It is best described in the equation 'people = nation = state.' In 1789 the people of France, defined themselves as the nation, took control of the state and the nation state was created. The sense of nationhood was intensified by the internal attempts to overthrow the revolution and by the experience of the war. Victories abroad instilled a feeling of national pride and of national duty. At first the fraternal wish was to free other subject peoples. Then later to civilize Europe by the export of French ideas and by the further control of foreign territory, which was an aim particularly, associated with the Napoleonic Era (1799-1815). Napoleon claimed that the sole purpose of regulating alien territory was to free Germans and Italians, but whilst he reconstructed the frontiers of the European states, he did very little to encourage nationalism directly. Nationalism developed as a reaction to French rule in the geographical areas of Germany. A general feeling of humiliation blanketed the populace of Germany after the invasion and people began to rise up against the empire of Napoleon I. The spirit of nationalism took a stronghold in Germany.
The strength of nationalism in Europe in 19th century can be linked to various developments of the period, but one important sentiment that lies in the core of nationalism is unity, a concept that was supported by cultural, economic and social developments in and before that period. However, the rise of nationalism, even though it had built on a sense of unity, was not devoid of a competition with other identities, especially gender, due to its evolution.
A young boy of both German and Italian heritage opens a book on his ancestry. The
Romanticism was the creative component of nineteenth century European traditions that applying the overwhelming influence on the national perception. The Romantic Movement was a natural collaborator of political nationalism, for it rings the nationalistic consideration for folk-cultures, and noticeable general airs of disdain for the conservative political order of post-Napoleonic Europe. Fostered by these pressures, nationalism birthed earliest amongst the intelligence and definite sectors of the nobleness, then more steadily into the peasant class. At the conclusion of the progression, a broader meaning of nation had substituted the old one.