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Application of motivation theories in organizations
Motivation at work psychology
Effect of motivation and employee work performance
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Motivate people at work Introduction When we need to explore the extent to which motivation theory is useful in understanding what motivates people at work, we need to understand the meaning of motivation. motivation is a state arising in processes that are internal and external to the individual, in which the person perceives that it is appropriate to pursue a certain course of action directed at achieving a specified outcome and in which the person chooses to pursue those outcomes with a degree of vigour and persistence. (Rollinson, D., 2008.) However, during this process, motivation will be defined into different ways, motivation is an internal state or condition that serves to activate or energize behavior and give it direction which is internal state or condition that activates behavior and gives it direction; desire or want that energizes and directs goal-oriented behavior; influence of needs and desires on the intensity and direction of behavior. (Huitt, W. 2011) So that scholars begun to create different theories to explain this process. There are two motivation theories which comes from content theory and process theory. There are Alderfer’s ERG theory and Adam’s equity theory. The task for this essay is to explore the extent to which motivation theory is useful in understanding what motivates people at work. Findings and discussion section At the beginning, we firstly need to distinguish the difference between the Alderfer’s ERG theory and Adam’s theory. Alderfer’s ERG theory was developed by the psychologist Clayton Alderfer. He made a new model to explain the simultaneous nature of Maslow’s five needs. He first published this model in a 1969 article titled “an Empirical Test of a New Theory of Human Need.” (MindTools... ... middle of paper ... ...eds. Alderfer’s work suggests that growth needs are actually more important when satisfied, whereas Maslow argued that, when it is fulfilled, a need becomes less important to an individual. (Bratton, J., 2015) on the other hand, the strength of Adams’ Equity theory is it is a good tool to be used in organizations to review and understand what employee behaviors are. However, the weakness is limitation. It is only used to think about the fair when compared with the related object. I cannot talk about which theory will be better using in the workplace, I would rather think which theory will be better in this particular situation, different theory used in different situation will be have different result. The thing we need to do is trying to understand the theories deeply, and understand the strengths and weakness, in order to use these theories in to right workplace.
Alderfer, C. (1969). An Empirical Test of a New Theory of Human Needs. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, vol. 4, pp. 142 - 175.
There are people out there in the workforce that believe they are obligated to do their best at their job simply because that is what is expected from all of us as humans. On the other hand, there are those out there that want to only do as much as they can get away with doing. No matter which one of these employees you are or are working with companies and employer's need to understand the concept of motivation.
three groups of needs are growth, relatedness, and existence. There are some similarities between Maslow’s hierarchy of needs and Alderfer’s ERG theory. For example, Alderfer’s “needs of existence” correspond to Maslow’s “esteem” and “sellf-actualization” needs. In Alderfer’s ERG theory, “growth” actually corresponds to Maslow’s “self-actualization” and “esteem” needs.
Any company should always strive for the best to keep their employees motivated and active in the workplace. Paula Leech, Microsoft Dubai Manager stated that, “A great place to work is where there is trust between leaders, management and employees, where people are known to be open...I think it is also critical that people enjoy what they do and be themselves in a connected welcoming and fun way.” Microsoft has done the following to keep their employees motivated. One of the things that Microsoft did to keep their employees engaged was to involve them in the big moments. Microsoft holds an annual meeting in the stadium in Seattle but employees elsewhere felt left out. Microsoft bought 27 influential employees to its meeting.
This case study discusses motivations that are the forces within individuals that account for the direction, level, and persistence of a person’s efforts used at work. According to Schermerhorn, Osborne, Uhl-Bien, and Hunt (2012), the research of Motivational Theories is divided into two types of theories, content and process theories. Content theories focus on physiological and psychological deficiencies while process theories of motivation focus on how cognitive processes as thoughts and decisions with the minds of people influence their behavior. In this case study we will focus on the process theories. We begin with a woman named Mary Jones, while she was in the last year of college, she was interviewing for jobs. Mary graduated in the
Dwight D. Eisenhower once said, “Motivation is the art of getting people to do what you want them to do because they want to do it.” Studies have found that high employee motivation goes hand in hand with strong organizational performance and profits. Therefore, managers are given the responsibility of finding the right combination of motivational techniques and rewards to satisfy employees’ needs and encourage great work performance. This becomes a bit more challenging as employees’ needs change from one generation to another. Three of the biggest challenges a manager faces in motivating employees today are the economy and threats to job security, technological advances, and company cultures that primarily focus on the bottom line.
Several motivation theories exist in literature today, there are older and modern theories. The modern/contemporary theories expanded more on older theories and are more evidence based (MSG, 2017). Relevant motivation theories to this research work will be examined. Most notably are the following which has over the years been considered as important theories, although they have been regularly criticized due to its inadequacies to address most aspect of both intrinsic and extrinsic human motives. The following relevant theories, Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Theory, McClelland’s Theory of Needs, ERG Theory and the Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory of Motivation will be examined in this research work. These are relevant to the
When it is discovered that a worker can fulfill the requirements of their job, but are experiencing shortcomings in doing so, many times it is believed that worker motivation may be the root of the problem (Laird 95). What, though, is work motivation? According to Laird (2006), “motivation is a fundamental component of performance “ and “is the reason that someone chooses to do some things and chooses not to do others”. In other words, work motivation is what energizes workers to the level of output required to fulfill a task, directs their energy towards the objectives that they need to accomplish, and sustains that level of effort over a period of time (Steers et al., 2004). In essence, worker motivation is what gets the job done. Employee motivation has always been a central problem in the workplace, and, as an individual in a supervisory position, it becomes ones duty to understand and institute systems that ensure the proper motivation of your subordinates. Proper motivation of employees can ensure high productivity and successful workflow, while low worker motivation can result in absenteeism, decreased productivity rates, and turnover. A large body of research has been produced regarding motivation, and much of this research is applicable to the workplace. Due to the nature of man, motivation varies from individual to individual, and, because of this, there is no one system that is the best for ensuring worker motivation in every organizational situation, and, as a product, many theories have been created to outline what drives people to satisfactorily complete their work tasks. Throughout the course of this document, the three main types of these motivational theories will be outlined and examples of each as well...
Research has shown that motivation in an employee is an important factor which determines his performance. Motivation is the “driving force within individuals” (Mullins, 2007, p. 285). It is the concerned with finding out the reasons which shape and direct the behaviour of the individuals. The people act to achieve something so that they can satisfy some needs (Gitman and Daniel, 2008). It is important for the manager to understand this motivation of individual employees in order to inspire them and devise an appropriate set of incentives and rewards which would satisfy the needs that they have individually (Kerr, 2003). Once these needs are expected to be met in return for some specific behaviour or action, they would work more diligently to have that behaviour in them and to achieve that objective (Meyer and Hersovitch, 2001). Since it would lead to early and fuller achievement of the company objectives as the individual would work more diligently, it would lead to better organizational performance (Wiley, 1997).
Motivation is key in the workplace. It is developed from the collaboration of both conscious and unconscious principles such as the strength of desire or need, motivating force or reward estimation of the objective, and desires of the person and of his or her peers/co-workers. These elements are the reasons one has for carrying on a specific way. An illustration is an understudy that invests additional energy contemplating for a test since he or she needs a superior review in the class. The Inside and outside principles that animate want and vitality in individuals to be constantly intrigued and centered around their work, part or subject, or to try to achieve an objective.
Ability in in turn depends on education, experience and training and its improvement is a slow and long process. On the other hand motivation can be improved quickly. There are many options and an uninitiated manager may even know where to start. As a guideline seven strategies for motivation.
In daily life, we need motivation to improve our performance in our job or in studies. Motivation is an internal force, dependent on the needs that drive a person to achieve. In the other words, motivation is a consequence of expectations of the future while satisfaction is a consequence of past events (Carr, 2005). We need to give reward to our self when we did correctly or we has achieve our target. Reward is something that we are given because we have behaved well, worked hard, or provided a service to the community. Theories of motivation can be used to explain the behavior and attitude of employees (Rowley, 1996; Weaver, 1998). The theories include content theories, based on assumptions that people have individual needs, which motivate their action. Meanwhile according to Robbins (2001), motivation is a needs-satisfying process, which means that when a person's needs are satisfied by certain factors, the person will exert superior effort toward attaining organizational goals. Schulze and Steyn (2003) affirmed that in order to understand people’s behavior at work, managers or supervisors must be aware of the concept of needs or motives which will help “move” their employees to act.Theories such as Maslow (1954), McClelland (1961), Herzberg (1966) and Alderfer (1969) are renowned for their works in this field. The intrinsic reward or also be known as motivators factors is the part of Herzberg motivation theory. Motivators are involve factors built into the job or the studies itself such as achievement, recognition, responsibility and advancement. Hygiene factors are extrinsic to the job such as interpersonal relationship, salary, supervision and company policy (Herzberg, 1966. There have two factors that are called hygiene fac...
Motivation is a kind of force which uplifts individuals to accomplish some mutual objectives, either set by the individual or the organization. ¬“Every business either public or private is goal oriented and all efforts are geared towards the successful attainment of their goals and objectives” (Rothberg, 2005). It has been disputed that if individual staffs are not inspired to make effectual use of the capacities found among them during the employment, they might not attain the level of performance that is anticipated from them. (Rothberg, 2005).
Motivation is an important function in organizations to motivate their employees for their ability to perform well, improving their skills, increasing productivity, job satisfaction and employee extension. Employees also are not a machines that we could just program their task in their brain and they will do it automatically, they require motivation to actually do their job properly. And so, after discussing the process models of the Maslow’s “Hierarchy of needs”, Douglas McGregor theory X and Y, and also the Herzberg’s “two factor motivation hygiene theory.” understanding the ways of motivating people, the human nature, and the substance of nature. I believe that the true motivation can only come from within and also managers can actually motivate all of their employees.
Motivation, as defined in class, is the energy and commitment a person is prepared to dedicate to a task. In most of organisations, motivation is one of the most troublesome problems. Motivation is about the intensity, direction and persistence of reaching a goal. During the class, we have learned a substantial theories of motivation and many theories of motivations are used in real business. Each theory seems to have different basic values. But, they all have been analysed for one reason, recognising what motivates and increases the performance of employees. Ident...