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Surveillance technology
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Moral and Ethical Issues
Maybe it was your lucky day at the airport; and you were selected for a body scan. It is just to detect if you are carrying anything illegal into the airport—right. However, according to Kurt Nimmo, the scanners are also collecting and storing images for law enforcement. The body scanner can store not only the body but also facial and iris. Nimmo reports about how the government is starting a $1 billion effort to gather the largest biometric data base (Nimmo, 2010). The government has been collecting biometrics in efforts to identify criminals and terrorist. According to Ellen Nakashima, employers that have sent in fingerprints of employees to scan for criminal background checks can even use the digital system. It can then keep a watch out and report any minor altercations with the law (Nakashima, 2007, par. 2). It is scary to think that there can be false positives in facial recognition. However, for protection of the greater good, I am sure it must report a suspect of a potential crime. This then puts a
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They knew that most models detect not only from the print but also from a body, temperature to make sure it was a live person. They lifted the print from an unsuspecting subject by having him pick up a CD case that gave them a good fingerprint. They were able to create a silicone fingerprint to open the door. In one of the instances, they wet a mere paper copy of the fingerprint to use. Time after time it opened the door. The paper copy also opened the door. (MythBusters fingerprints busted, 2011) The technology has made advancements since the airing of this show. However, we still need to continue to use diligence in securing even our fingerprints. There are others that want to harm. They want to abuse the system. Could it happen with our
Summary #3 – “Campus Diversity and Student Self-Segregation: Separating Myths from Facts” by Debra Humphreys
...the unknown print or some other person could have made it. The bottom line is that only one person could leave the unknown print. It is the responsibility of the fingerprint expert performing a comparison to reach this conclusion. Therefore, fingerprint identification is based on sound scientific principles.
“Labeling theory,” which states that our self-identity and behavior can be altered by the names or terms that people use to describe or classify us. Labeling is using descriptive terms to categorize or classify something or someone. Sometimes these labels can have positive impacts on our life or as Amanat’s mentioned that these labels can limit our full potential to do anything by believing that people’s expectation about us is how we should define ourselves. In doing so, we act against our true nature because we’re trying to live up to others expectations or deny their assumptions.
Another discrepancy between actual forensics and how it is portrayed in the media is the availability of information in databases. There is only a small percentage of the entire population’s fingerprints or DNA samples stored within databases such as the Integrated Automated Fingerprint Identification System (IAFIS). This makes finding a match between a DNA sample or fingerprint difficult, as a match would only be found if the person’s information was already stored within the database. If there is no match previously stored in a database, the fingerprint or DNA sample could be potentially rendered useless within a trial. Typically, in order to perform an analysis, investigators must already have a suspect in mind and request a DNA or fingerprint sample from him or her. If the suspect does not want to provide one however, the sample collected as evidence may not count as valid. The CSI effect creates an idealized image that all crimes can be solved with a hair or drop of blood, but this is not always the case in real life.
Now-a-day, biometric authentication system or simply biometric system, offers a reliable and user-friendly solution to the problem of identity management by establishing the identity of an individual based on “who the person is”, rather than the knowledge-based i.e. “what the person knows" or token-based i.e. “what the person carries” (Jain et al., 1999). The word biometrics is derived from the Greek words bios (meaning life) and metron (meaning measurement); biometric identifiers are measurements from living human body (Maltoni et al., 2003). Biometric system refers to automatically identify or verify an individual's identity based on his physiological characteristics (e.g. fingerprints, face, iris and hand geometry) and behavioral characteristics (e.g. gait, voice and signature) (Figure 2.1). Ancillary characteristics (also known as soft biometric) such as gender, ethnicity, age, eye color, skin color, scars and tatoos also provide some information about the identity of a person. However, soft biometric traits do not provide sufficient evidence to precisely determine the identity (Jain et al., 2004a). Biometric traits provide a unique and permanent binding between an individual and his identity. This “binding" cannot be easily lost, forgotten, shared or forged and free from making false repudiation claims. Biometrics offers several advantages over conventional security measures. These include
By the 19th century, the criminology research scholars have had a keen interest in biometric identification, they hope to combine physical characteristics with criminal tendencies, which resulting in a series of measuring devices, and also collected a large amount of data. Since then, the concept of measuring a person's physical characteristics are finalized, fingerprints also become the identification of international methodological standards for public security agencies. People often debate whether fingerprints have absolutely unique, and also thought that the different countries have the different standard for identifying fingerprints. So far, it is still the most widely methods of public security organs, and the process is also automated.
Although people in society may have been wishing as a kid that they could go out and catch the bad guy with only a fingerprint and some DNA. It has been proven that this is not as simple as TV shows and/or movies make it out to be. From spending up to four years in college to obtain a certain degree to actually being able to make into this field to be one of the many humans who get to experience what it is like to be a part of catching the bad guy. It takes a lot of hard work, dedication and patience but once one is able to reach this goal it would be noticed that all the blood, sweat, and DNA was all worth it.
Law enforcement uses several methods to solve all types of crimes. Having a variety of ways to help solve an investigation gives officials an advantage. If one method fails or isn’t helpful, there are several others they can rely on. For instance, if there are no physical witnesses to a crime, the criminal may have left a fingerprint at the crime scene. An individual’s fingerprint is unique, “no two persons have exactly the same arrangement of ridge patterns” (“Fingerprint ID”). Fingerprints of criminals and of civilians are collected and stored. Also, “People who apply for government jobs, jobs that handle confidential information, banking jobs, teaching jobs, law enforcement jobs, and any job that involves security issues can be fingerprinted” (“The First ID”). Fingerprints are processed within hours and minutes through the Integrated Automated Fingerprint ID System. This system was developed in 1991, and made it easier for different law enforcement agencies to store and share fingerprints.
Fingerprinting information varies in numerous ways. Each person’s fingerprints are different in someway (Unique). The technical term is actually “DNA fingerprinting” because us as a person obviously cant just take a look at a fingerprint and see the difference; we must analyze the actual DNA behind it. Sometimes a miss concept of most people is, that fingerprints stay perfectly fresh for extended periods of time. Partial fingerprints and even degraded full fingerprints can turn up to be useless sometimes. Fingerprints are not admissible if they are 99.9% sure, they must be 100% or a Forensics lab will not support them. DNA Fingerprinting, and the fingerprints that are at the tips of your actual fingers are two different things. The ones we a...
By definition Biometrics are automated methods of recognizing a person based on a physiological or behavioral characteristic (Campbell, 1995). More and more businesses are now using biometrics as a preferred measure over traditional methods involving passwords and PIN numbers for 2 reasons; The person being identified is required to be physically present at the point of identification; Identification based on biometrics techniques removes the need to remember a password or to carry other identification (Watrall, 10/14/03). The need for biometrics can be found in federal, state and local governments, in the military, and in commercial applications (Campbell, 1995). Enterprise-wide network security infrastructures, government IDs, secure electronic banking, investing and other financial transactions, retail sales, law enforcement, and health and social services are already benefiting from these technologies (Campbell, 1995).
Biometric is a device that can recognize someone 's unique physical trait, for example fingerprints, eyeball, face, or voice and it uses them as a means of authentication to gain access to something. Hackers can never gain access to someone’s privacy who uses biometric as a means of gaining access to his/her privacy. Biometric is the surest thing that can never be compromised, if it’s being done correctly because it is attached to the natural inbuilt quality of the user. In order for hackers to use it, they must go through an extra ordinary mile which could lead to other crimes like kidnapping or
When Maxwell Smart first whipped out his shoe phone in 1965, everyone saw an act of pure movie magic. Back in the mid to late 1900s everybody had the same idea of the future. Everyone pictured the future as talking robots (Siri), computerized pocket-sized dictionaries (smart-phones), hovering devices (drones), and much more. Today, everyone thinks of these technologies as commonalities. Most of these current devices have a valuable impact, while few create debatable issues. The company NGI has a system that will revolutionize the field of biometric facial recognition. In the article titled Embracing Big Brother: How Facial Recognition Could Help Fight Crime, author Jim Stenman says, "The mission is to reduce terrorist and criminal activity by improving and expanding biometric identification as well as criminal history information s...
Biometrics is a preset method to recognize a person based on a physiological or behavioral attribute. The present features are face recognition, fingerprints, handwriting, hand geometry, iris, vein, voice and retinal scan. In the early years of the 21st century, we find ourselves persistently moving further away from the stipulation of physical human interface playing a major part of basic everyday tasks. Striding ever closer to an programmed society, we interact more habitually with mechanical agents, unsigned users and the electronic information sources of the World Wide Web, than with our human counterpart. It is therefore possibly sardonic that identity has become such an important issue in the 21st century. Face recognition has been related as the divine Grail of biometric recognition systems, due to a number of noteworthy advantages over other methods of identification.
People are concerned with the storage and vulnerability of the information contained within the biometrics data. As it is with other personal private information stored on server, the storage data will need to be encrypted to prevent unauthorized use of the biometric data. It will be like it is with personal information on the server, companies will need to protect the information and follow procedure for if there is a breach. Biometric data may be vulnerable to theft and abuse just as information found on servers can be used with identity theft Organizations will need to ensure they protect the biometric data they use and fix any vulnerability if and when they are found immediately. The other concern is with authenticity of the biometrics. Finger printing readers can be fooled and to migrate issues with this would be to use other security features than a fingerprint alone such as password or other type of biometrics. False positives and false negatives is another issue with authenticity, however the issue can be migrated by installing updated software when it is released. As new software comes up, the updates make the recognition software more sophisticated and will create less false positives and false negatives. Linking information to data can be a concern because people may not want some information linked with their
Finger print detection is a really good way to find criminals. Finger prints are excellent on finding the exact criminal because no two fingerprints are exactly the same(Source #1, 1982-Galton, sentence 3) . So once you match the fingerprint with one person then thats the criminal or whoever you are looking for. All you have to do is take advantage of the friction ridge patterns