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Historical background of mental health problems
Historical background of mental health problems
Psychological disorders historical approaches psychology psychology
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Chapter 10 titled “Depressive and Bipolar Disorders” discussed in detail the history of mood disorders that included depressive, major depressive, persistent depressive and disruptive mood dysregulation disorders. Chapter 10 articulated the causes of depression along with discussing a variety of treatment options available to match the child’s individual need. The chapter further reviews the associated characteristics of depression along with the theories currently presented by research.
There are several types of mood disorders that include depression, manic episodes as in bipolar disorder and severe depression. Children with mood disorders suffer significant distress or impairment in social, educational and other important areas of functioning. Children with depression can experience feelings of sadness, worthlessness, and emptiness. They often times lose interest in their usual day-to-day activities, experience a change in appetite, changes in their sleeping patterns as well as have decreased energy and desires.
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The DSM-5 has three types of depressive disorders that include major depressive disorder (MDD), persistent depressive disorder (P-DD), and disruptive mood dysregulation disorder (DMDD). This is my first time reading about the different types of depression that are currently presented within the DSM-5. I did not realize the different subgroups that depression could be categorized in. I’ve noticed that the criteria in the DSM-5 for diagnosing adults can be used to diagnose school-age children and adolescents in the areas of different disorders, depression being one of
Their dedication and hard work have been combined together in the new edition DSM-5 that defines and classifies mental disorder in order to improve treatment, diagnoses and research. DSM-5 has no greater changes from DSM-IV-TR. However, there are some new disorders introduced and reclassified. The multiaxial system has been removed in DSM-5 because Axis I, II and II have been combined into the descriptions of the disorders. DSM-5 approved the posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), which is a self-report scale develop based on data. DSM-5 focuses to make better characterize symptoms for groups of people who are seeking for clinical help. These symptoms were not defined well in DSM-IV and are less likely to have access to the
Depressive disorders take on different forms. There are three common types of depressive disorders. They are major depression, dysthymia, and bipolar disorder. Major depression is characterized by a combination of symptoms that interfere with an individual's ability to work, study, sleep, and eat. Symptoms include but are not limited to the following: persistent sad, anxious, or empty mood, feelings of hopelessness, feelings of guilt, helplessness, worthlessness, decreased energy, fatigue, appetite and/or weight loss, or overeating and weight gain, ...
I chose the topic of Mood Disorders to research for many reasons. I'm always hearing phrases such as "They're manic depressant" and many more which interest me to research about these disorders. Mood disorders are broken down into two general categories, depression and bipolar disorder. When researching mood disorders, I've realized the meaning of all these phrases I've heard.
According to the FDA, about 2.5% of children and around 8% of adolescents are affected by depression (Temple). A common way to treat depression is by taking antidepressants. Children and teens have also been prescribed antidepressants for various reasons other than depression such as OCD and anxiety disorders. While it is legal for teenagers and children to take antidepressants, many people are concerned with the issues that taking antidepressants have. Children and teens should be allowed to take antidepressants only when other forms of therapy don’t work. Antidepressants are serious drugs that have severe warnings when children and teens use them. There is also an increased risk of worsening depression and suicide in children and teens, especially in the when they begin to take it. Even the less severe side effects can make quite a negative impact on life.
Childhood Onset Bipolar Disorder (COBPD) is one of the most debilitating mental disorders affecting children today. Bipolar Disorder is a mood disorder usually affecting adults that causes sometimes severe changes in mood. Childhood Onset Bipolar disorder is just what it sounds like, a bipolar disorder that occurs during childhood. Persons suffering from a bipolar disorder experience mood swings ranging from depression to mania. During a depressive episode patients can experience feelings of extreme hopelessness or sadness, inability to concentrate and trouble sleeping. Symptoms of mania include rapidly changing ideas, exaggerated cheerfulness and excessive physical activity. Hypomanic symptoms are the same as in mania, however, they are not so severe as to require hospitalization. The fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) outlines the diagnostic criteria for mood disorders. According to the DSM-IV, a person must have at least 5 of the following symptoms during the same 2 week period to qualify as a major depressive episode: a depressed mood lasting most of the day for several days; a significant weight gain or weight loss; a loss of interest in activities; difficulty sleeping (insomnia) or an increased need for sleep (hypersomnia); restlessness or slowed pace observable by others; daily fatigue; feelings of guilt or worthlessness; inability to concentrate; or recurrent thoughts of death. These symptoms can only be diagnosed as a depressed episode if they are not better explained by grief, effects of a drug, or a medical condition. The person experiencing these symptoms must, also report an interference in their daily functioning because of the ...
The documentary “The Medicated Child” gave me a lot of insight into the lives of children diagnosed with bipolar disorder. When we hear and learn about bipolar disorder, we do not normally think of children. However, there are many children diagnosed with bipolar disorder ranging from all ages. As we saw in the documentary, bipolar disorder can be very hard on both the child and the family, so finding a cure that is effective and safe is important. The video also highlighted how little research there has been on the effectiveness of antidepressants on children.
Mood disorders are emotional roller coasters where the person in one moment is enthusiastic and full of energy and in the moment after all of this crashes and the person becomes depressed. This is known as a bipolar disorder, the unipolar depression on the other had is a mood disorder where the person is in a deep depression state with no positive thoughts.
As many as 19 million Americans million are affected by mood disorders ( The two main types of mood disorders are bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder which are described as disturbances in mood, behavior and emotion.“ Bipolar disorder is a complex disorder in which the core feature is pathological disturbance in mood ranging from extreme elation, or mania, to severe depression usually accompanied by disturbances in thinking and behavior, which may include psychotic symptoms, such as delusions and hallucinations” (Craddock, Jones 1999). Major depressive disorder or unipolar depression is characterized by a consistent low mood and lack of interest in things typically enjoyed .A second classification of major depressive disorder, is dysthymic disorder which is a chronic but less severe form of major depression (John W. Santrock 2007). Also major depression has many subgroups including seasonal affect disorder and postpartum depression. While there are many treatment options for the symptoms of mood disorders and promising scientific research, much is still unknown about a disorder that affects so many lives.
A depression episode on the other hand is almost opposite of a manic one. During a depressive episode, the person is sad, irritable, has low self-esteem, negative thoughts, and loss of interest in usual activities. They feel like they’re worthless and hopeless. They also have negative thoughts towards the past and future. Many people go
Depression in school-age children may be one of the most overlooked and under treated psychological disorders of childhood, presenting a serious mental health problem. Depression in children has become an important issue in research due to its many emotional forms, and its relationship to self-destructive behaviors. Depressive disorders are of particular importance to school psychologists, who are often placed in the best position to identify, refer, and treat depressed children. Procedures need to be developed to identify depression in students to avoid allowing those children struggling with depression to go undetected. Depression is one of the most treatable forms of disorders, with an 80-90% chance of improvement if individuals receive treatment (Dubuque, 1998). On the other hand, if untreated, serious cases of depression in childhood can be severe, long, and interfere with all aspects of development, relationships, school progress, and family life (Janzen, & Saklofske, 1991).
Is childhood generally a happy and carefree time without any significant pressure and burden? Surprisingly, it is not the case. Clinical depression, a severe mental problem that is characterized by a persistent depressive disorder, is largely influencing children in our society (NIMH "Depression"). Depression rates among young people in America have been increasing steadily for the past fifty to seventy years (Gray). Research shows that today, one in five children in the world have a diagnosable mental, emotional or behavioral disorder, and up to one in ten may suffer from a serious emotional disturbance (Sokolova 1). Unfortunately, even though the issue of childhood depression has become so serious, it is still an often thought among the public
Depression can take several other forms. In bipolar disorder, sometimes called manic-depressive illness, a person’s mood swings back and forth between depression and mania. People with seasonal affective disorder typically suffer from depression only during autumn and winter, when there are fewer hours of daylight. In dysthymia , people feel depressed, have low self-esteem, and concentrate poorly most of the time—often for a period of years—but their symptoms are milder than in major depression. Some people with dysthymia experience occasional episodes of major depression. Mental health professionals use the term clinical depression to refer to ...
Depression is marked by persistent depressed mood, changes in appetite or weight, lack of energy, difficulty concentrating, and changes in sleep patterns. These symptoms can develop at a very difficult time in someone’s life and continue beyond a normal period of mourning. People can become depressed because of a difficult life event, or some can become depressed for no reason at all (Symptoms of Depression, 2005-2013). Some ask “what is the difference between bipolar disorder and depression”. Bipolar disorder is also known as manic depression.
“About 5 percent of children and adolescents suffer from depression” at any given point in time (AACAP, 2015). It is important for parents to be aware of the signs of depression, according to the DSM-5 if one or more signs constantly persist such as: sadness, decreased activities, low self-esteem, isolation, sensitivity, causing trouble at home or school, poor concentration just to name a few, the parent should seek professional help for the child. The good news about this illness is that depression is a treatable illness however, the key is early diagnosis and treatment for the child. Many individuals are not familiar with what depression is and how to identify its symptoms, Depression is a serious illness among American teens, in today’s society many children and adolescents are more fragile emotionally than teens 10 or 20 years ago. According to American Psychological Association “depression is more than just sadness. People with depression may experience a lack of interest and pleasure in daily activities, significant weight loss or gain, insomnia or excessive sleeping, lack of energy, inability to concentrate, feelings of worthlessness or excessive guilt and recurrent thoughts of death or suicide” (APA,
Depression in its various forms (insomnia, fatigue, anxiety, stress, vague aches and pains, etc.) is the most common complaint heard in doctors’ offices. There are three primary forms of depression. Major depression, like the flu, has a beginning, middle, and an end. Major depression often lasts for months. Left untreated, it tends to reoccur. Each reoccurrence tends to last longer and is more debilitating than the one before. Chronic depression is a low grade, long-term depression that can go on for years. Some people have had it most of their lives. Long term, low-grade depression is also known as dysthymia. Dys, meaning disorder, and thymia meaning mood. Dysthmia is then a disorder of ones mood. The last type is manic depression. The lows of this depression can alter with days or weeks of maniaextreme feelings, unreasonable thoughts, and inappropriate, sometimes destructive behavior. The manic-depressive person fluctuates from one emotional pole to another, often in rapid swings. 3