In Carol Tavris and Elliot Aronson's book, "Mistakes were made, (but not by me)" Travis and Aronson explain why humans feel the need to justify themselves when they make a mistake of fail, and why a phenomena know as "Cognitive dissonance" according to the authors, "The engine of self-justification". In short, "Mistakes were made, (but not by me)" should be read by everyone because Tavris and Aronson prove their argument cogently, they have an effective writing style, and their ideas reflect issues from the wider world. Aronson and Tavris begin the book by explaining that the engine of self-justification is called "cognitive dissonance" and that we all have the impulse to justify our actions and motives. "Cognitive dissonance" is described as "A state of tension that occurs whenever a person holds two cognitions (ideas, attitudes, beliefs) that are physiologically inconsistent" (Aronson and Tavris, 13) " Plenty of things cause us to justify ourselves including memory, clinical judgement, and our blind spots. As it turns out, many of us justify our actions using our memory. When we get out memories wrong, it's not usually because we lying, but because we are self-justifying ourselves. All humans add little details to our stories to make them interesting or even embellish it with lots of dramatic details. We justify a little white lie added to our story and soon may think it was actually part of our story. Memory relieves dissonance by selectively causing us to forget conflicting information about our lives. This system helps us make sense of our place in the world, and becomes even more powerful when it's motivated by the need to keep our self- concept consistent, preserve our self-esteem, and th... ... middle of paper ... ...nd friends to get out of problems caused by self-justification. Therefore, educating people about cognitive dissonance can benefit everyone, teaching us to recognize that we all are flawed. Throughout this book, the authors provided an enjoyable and understandable reading experience for everyone by fully proving their argument, by using different techniques to add style to their writing, and by making the skills of avoiding cognitive dissonance useful to everyone. All of these elements provided the writers with an interesting way to state their argument and to make their position on the topic be known. Their use of outside sources such as facts, statistics, quotes, and anecdotes, gave the book an interesting feel, and made the writing come to life. All of these things prove that "Mistakes were made (but not by me)" should be read by everyone.
The book Trouble,by Gary D. Schmidt, is based on the Smith family who lives in Blythbury-by-the-Sea, which is a small, quiet town by the Atlantic Shore. The family believes that if you build your house far enough from trouble, trouble will not be able to find you. Then, abruptly, their life takes a turn for the worse and trouble finds them. Henry, the youngest of the Smith family, and Franklin, the oldest of the Smith boys, planned a trip to climb the mountain of Katahdin, but now, because of the trouble, Henry sets out to climb it with his best friend Sanborn. On this journey, he meets the person who started the trouble in his family, Chay Chouan, who goes with him. The two characters Henry and Chay have characteristics and traits that are the same, but they also have very different personalities and backgrounds and family styles.
In their essays both Buckley and Ericsson analyze the different ways we use lies to help and hurt our self in our every day lives, and how this effects American culture. Ericsson shows the way lies can , as she puts it, “ lubricate the daily machinery of living”(128). Buckley, on the other hand uses examples of lies as a way to deny himself; and do exactly the opposite of Ericsson. But they both show how we as Americans use lies these ways and others so much that most of us may not realize it.
In Christy Wampole’s “How to Live Without Irony” and Richard Taylor’s “The Meaning of Human Existence” both authors argue how humans ought to live a meaningful life. Wampole tackles the argument in a different way than Taylor but they both have similar positions on the meaning. I agree with both authors in some of the ways that we should dictate our lives to justify meaningfulness but I also believe that meaningfulness can differ from person to person. Life is very precious to us; since humans have had the ability to consciously think, we have always questioning our existence. No other animal on the planet has had the luxury of pondering whether or not their life is meaningful.
Jonathan Franzen is the author of many books such as The Twenty-Seventh City and Strong Motion. He is probably best known for his book, The Corrections. This book mainly explores a variety of themes such as adversity and resilience, family unity and coming of age. The main characters are members of the Lambert family, who live in the Mid-West. Although each character is at a different stage of their lives, all of them are going through hardship. Gary, the eldest son, is the only child with a family of his own. By taking on most of the responsibilities, Gary is having trouble running his own family while experiencing clinical depression. Chip, the middle child, lost his job as a university professor and is working for a criminal warlord in order to make a living. Furthermore, the parents of these children are facing difficult time trying to reunite the family. Enid, the mother, suffers from harassment and distress in an attempt to bring all her children home for one last Christmas. Although the situation seems abnormal, it can actually be seen to be that of a typical family in America. In his novel The Corrections, Jonathan Franzen uses point of view to reveal that everyone can achieve their goals despite of their difficulties.
Getting one good grade in school is easy, the difficult part is to keep getting good grades. This concept applies to other things also. For example when a group is given a certain privilege they have to maintain it. In the essay “The Unexamined” by Ross Chambers, the author discusses that different races are perceived differently depending on where they are. He says that white people are the superior ones, and they bare the privilege of not being marked by others. While other races are discriminated, the whites are excluded from discrimination. Together with the color category there are other ones which also are the privileged ones, like for example: men and straight people. In the other essay “Man Royals And Sodomites” by Makeda Silvera,
Empathy has been the subject of scrutiny for many philosophers and writers throughout the years. Harriet Beecher Stowe was one of these speculators and ended up writing an entire story to portray her understanding of what empathy is. She writes in Uncle Tom’s Cabin that if we were all to simply do what makes us feel right and feel strong about it, then we will naturally become more empathetic and thereby a benefactor of the human race. This notion, however, has been contested by many and Leslie Jamison is no exception. In The Empathy Exams, Jamison argues that to be empathetic requires more than a general feeling of rightness; it requires wisdom and energy.
Michael Sandel is a distinguished political philosopher and a professor at Harvard University. Sandel is best known for his best known for his critique of John Rawls's A Theory of Justice. While he is an acclaimed professor if government, he has also delved deeply into the ethics of biotechnology. At Harvard, Sandel has taught a course called "Ethics, Biotechnology, and the Future of Human Nature" and from 2002 to 2005 he served on the President’s Council on Bioethics (Harvard University Department of Government, 2013). In 2007, Sandel published his book, The Case Against Perfection: Ethics in the Age of Genetic Engineering, in which he explains unethical implications biotechnology has and may have in the near future regarding genetic engineering.
Jared Diamond makes the argument that when humans decided 10,000 years ago to no longer be hunter-gatherers and made the decision to become sedentary and start domesticating their animals and crops, the result is that the human race has experienced a steady downfall. Diamond makes the point that “with agriculture came the gross social and sexual inequality, the disease and despotism that curse our existence,” (Diamond). While the present system certainly is far from being perfected, Diamond’s various complaints and solutions certainly would not be of much use in the present time either.
Richard Gunderman asks the question, "Isn 't there something inherently wrong with lying, and “in his article” Is Lying Bad for Us?" Similarly, Stephanie Ericsson states, "Sure I lie, but it doesn 't hurt anything. Or does it?" in her essay, "The Ways We Lie.” Both Gunderman and Ericsson hold strong opinions in regards to lying and they appeal to their audience by incorporating personal experiences as well as references to answer the questions that so many long to confirm.
Stephanie Ericsson’s The Ways We Lie, analyzes and reflects on how lying has simply become the norm in our society. We all lie, there is not one person in the world that does not lie. Most people lie because they are afraid of telling the truth, however what they do not know is telling a lie can lead them in the wrong direction because many things can happen when lying to a person. The person can find out when everything unravels that person will not have trust in you and you would be known as a liar. To every action there is a consequence, so why not deal with just one consequence when telling the
James Loewen wrote the book ?Lies My Teacher Told ME? to help the students of the United States become aware of their true history. This book attempts to show how and why American history has been taught the way it has without regard for the truth. Mr. Loewen had compared twelve different history textbooks they are: The Great Republic, The American Way, Land of Promise, Rise of the American Nation, Challenge of Freedom, American Adventures, Discovering American History, The American Tradition, Life and Liberty, The United States ? A History of the Republic, Triumph of the American Nation and The American Pageant. Loewen has argued his cases for Heroification, Euorcentrism and the first settlers, and Racism in our history. He has done this knowing fully that most people do not want to know the harsh realities of our nations past. The United States has tried to maintain a positive image throughout history. Unfortunately, it has many skeletons in its closet that need to come out to heal this great nation on many levels. If the public at large new the real role of racism in our nations infancy and how men tried to pursue their way of thinking as opposed to what is good for the country they would be ashamed at what the United States has stood for in the past.
The Perfect Failure: Kennedy, Eisenhower, and the CIA at the Bay of Pigs by Trumbull Higgins is a book that sheds light on the history and surrounding factors of the Bay of Pigs invasion in Cuba. Having lived in Miami for seven years, I have always been curious about why Cubans seem to feel entitled and believe that the United States owes them something. When I asked about this, I was told that the United States failed them during the Bay of Pigs invasion by leading the Cuban exiles into a battle they could not win. They felt great resentment towards the United States for refusing to assist them once they were in Cuba, leaving them at the mercy of President Fidel Castro. After reading Higgins' book, I now understand the basis for this type of thinking and resentment.
Failure isn’t always something you have control of or have the ability to predict. Failure seems to happen at the worst of times; however we need to accept it, because you cannot always win. My greatest failure would be tearing my anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), my junior year in a lacrosse game, through no fault of my own in which my body physically failed me, but it truly changed my aspect of life in multiple ways.
There seems to be a dominant view throughout Western Civilizations that we are all living in the best possible time to be alive so far. For many of us, that tends to be the case. In Western Civilizations, literacy rates are up, child mortality is low, race relations and the LGBTQIA movements have made strides, and technology has provided a level of convenience and excess not yet seen. These simple truths that we take for granted, however, are not simple truths all across the globe. In fact, many areas have suffered due to these advances. In the play, Ruined, by Lynn Nottage, a powerful narrative is told that serves as a commentary about the destruction of local cultures due to the intrusive nature of war and Western Civilization in that it
This paper aims to investigate some aspects of postcolonialism, feminism, as well as symbolism, allegories and metaphors. For this purpose I have chosen the novel Disgrace (1999) by J.M Coetzee. The story takes place in Cape Town, in post-apartheid South Africa. David Lurie is a white man and works as a professor of English at a technical university. He is a ‘communication’ lecturer and he teaches ‘romantic literature’ too. Lurie is divorced two times already and one gets the impression that he is not really satisfied with his job. His "disgrace" comes when he makes attempts to seduce Melanie Isaacs, one of his students, against her will. This affair is then remitted to the school authorities and a special committee is convoked to judge his actions.