Definition and Background
The Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) was published by Folstein et al. in 1975.
The test consist of 11 questions and it measures five areas of the cognitive function
Orientation, attention, memory language, and visual spatial abilities.
The MMSE is used by physicians, psychologist and or psychiatrist.
The test is mostly used to detect any abnormal cognitive functioning mainly to detect dementia. Test TAKERS AND SAMPLE ITEMS
When patients project memory concerns and they go see a doctor they will more likely be suggest taking the Mini Mental State Examination. This exam is usually recommended to help with the diagnosis of Alzheimer’s and or any other kind of dementia.
A sample item of the MMSE is sustained attention which tests variables of attention. Another item is verbal
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The Mini Mental State Examination has proven to have good concurrent validity with other neuropsychological assessment instruments, but is not highly specific. The standard cutoff score for normal cognitive functioning is typically reported at 24 of 30 and scores below 24 have been shown to detect dementia fairly accurately.
Research article
The title of the article I chose was Cognitive Deficits in Healthy Elderly Population with “normal” scores on the Mini-Mental State Examination.
The article was published in the journal of Geriatric Psychiatry and Neurology 2016 volume 29.
The population tested in this study included 204 community-dwelling, independent, healthy, older adults 39 men and 165 women.
The mean age was 79.44 years (standard deviation (SD) 7.5.)
The mean educational level was 13.62 years (SD = 2.9)
Average full scale IQ, as measured by the Wechsler scales, was 108 (SD=
First of all, this case is associated with biopsychosocial approach which recognizes that, it is the approach that considers human behavior to be the result of interactions of integrated biological, psychological, and social systems. This approach helps us to recognize the ways in which women’s biology, psychology, and their social world intertwine within each other affect their reactions to alcohol and alcohol interventions. In order to explain some of the concepts and theories, we must first sort through the facts that have been presented in the case study. This particular case is concerned with developing a better understanding of the relationship between Casey, and alcoholism.
Two types of assessment procedures that are currently being used are the Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery (LNNB), and the Halstead Russell Neuropsychological Evaluation System (HRNES-R). The LNNB is used to diagnose cognitive deficits, while the HRNES-R indicates both the presence and degree of impairment. Both procedures involve tasks that require the patient to complete a series of functions that test abilities and/or perceptions. Such tasks would include, but are not limited to, problem solving, memory, sensorimotor functioning, and psychological/emotional status.
Grade-based normative information was obtained for Fall and Spring administrations, with interpolated performance for Winter norms, allowing for more precise measurement. Each score is a standard score with a mean of 100 and standard deviation of 15. Qualitative descriptors for examinee performance may be based on a 10-point or a 15-point classification system, allowing the user to match descriptors across cognitive and other achievement measures. Additional age and grade equivalents, percentile ranks, normal curve equivalents, growth scale values, and stanines may also be
1. What is the difference between a. and a. A classification system such as the DSM-5 is judged by its reliability and validity. Define and discuss both reliability and validity and why they are important criteria for DSM-5. (312) When answering the question, we first need to understand what reliability and validity means and why it is important to include them in the criteria to judge DSM-5.
Canadian Journal Of Psychiatry 56.1 (2011): 3-4. CINAHL Plus with Full Text. Web. 14 May
"Dementia: Hope Through Research." National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS). National Institute of Neurological Disroders and Stroke, 23 Mar. 2011. Web. 29 Nov. 2011. .
for too long, they can stop us from doing the things we want to and
Doctors need a sure way to diagnose the disease before treatment or studies can be done. The diagnosis is an autopsy of brain tissue examined under a microscope. In addition, medical history, a physical exam, and mental status tests are used for diagnosis (Posen, 1995). Often, tests are done to rule out other potential causes of the dementia. This allows the identification of other causes of thinking and behavioral changes to be made before concluding that the patient has Alzheimer’s or another form of dementia. The tests that are requested to be done include CT and MRI scans to rule out strokes or brain tumors which could account for change in memory and behavior; thyroid and psychological tests which can also detect thinking and behavior problems (Posen, 1995).
Ruff, R. (2003) A friendly critique of neuropsychology: facing the challenges of our future, Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology. 18( 8), 847-864.
Mcbride, Carolina. Zuroff, David. Ravitz, Paula. Koestner, Richard. Moskowitz, Debbie. Quilty, Lena. Bagby, Michael. (2010). British Journal of Clinical Psychology. , 49(4), p529-545.
The MSE was developed from the work of Karl Jaspers, designed to comprehend a client’s perception through the client’s description and observation (Tancredi, 1987). The examination includes objective observation of the clinician and subjective descriptions that are given by the client. The exam follows several domains including, appearance, behavior, mood and affect, speech, cognition, thoughts, perception, and insight and judgment (Tancredi, 1987). In the domain of appearance, useful cues can determine the client’s lifestyle, daily living skills, and quality of self-care. For example, their grooming, clothing, or hygiene can indicate whether they combed they hair brushed their teeth or are wearing the same clothes for multiple days. This can be a symptom of cognitive decline in the client. In the next domain, behavior is examined to assess the client’s verbal and nonverbal communication. This can include facial expressions, body language and gestures, eye contact, posture, psychomotor activity, and anxious behavior. All of which can reveal a lot about the client’s emotional state or attitude, which can also be a sign for cognitive
Worldwide, 35.6 million people have dementia and there are 7.7 million new cases every year (WHO 2012). There are ma...
Simpson, C. (2007) ‘Mental Health part3: Assessment and Treatment of Depression’ British Journal of Healthcare assistants. pp 167-171.
American Psychiatric Association. (1994). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed.). Washington, DC: Author.
Stephens, S., Kenny, R.A., Rowan, E., Allan, L., Kalaria, R.N., Bradbury, M., & Ballard, C.G. (2004). Neuropsychological characteristics of mild vascular cognitive impairment and dementia after stroke. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 19(11), 1053-1057.