Military Use of Robotics and Ethics
Introduction
As technology evolves more and more robotic systems, replacing soldiers with autonomous robots in wars is no longer a dream. Unmanned air and ground robots have been frequently utilized by American troops in Afghanistan and Iraq wars, saving thousands of lives of American soldiers; however, ethical dilemma has also appeared simultaneously. The regulation of lethal autonomous robots has become … in battlefields should be regulated As discussed in my initial project, technology is a manifestation of human intelligence, reflecting human values and thoughts. Ethical behaviors of artificial intelligence scientists and commanders of military robots will soon leap to one of the biggest problems in the era of modern autonomous warfare. In this continuing project, there will be more discussions around moral issues of autonomous machines, as well as limitations of current research for building up morally justified ethical system.
Moral Education in School
Personally speaking, I think the moral education in school and on the Internet are the most efficient ways of developing morality in future artificial scientists and commanders. Research has shown that education contexts can have an influence on personal epistemological development (Brownlee, 2012). As one of the “symbol systems” by which information is exchanged, a medium has the ability to act as a learning tool for people to display, receive, and evaluate information (Kozma, 1994). Most importantly, the impact of visual representations, such as YouTube, are “more likely to activate relevant situation-based prior knowledge so that students can use this to solve the problem” (Kozma, p. 12). In order to protect children, however, the Intern...
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...onsidered to be unethical in any ways and violates the military honor (Johnson and Axinn, 2013).
Conclusions
In conclusion, the responsibilities of an autonomous robot in the battlefield can be divided into two parts: human and unmanned. First of all, since school plays a fundamental role in developing personal epistemologies of moral education for children, it is necessary to include the research of military robots—the future dominators in war—in classrooms. To ensure the diversity of opinions, I think the filtering system on K-12 schools’ internal networks should be removed. Second, there are negotiations around the responsibility of autonomous robots between both human actors and autonomous robots. Since military robots are primarily deployed and developed in the last decade, a lot of data needs to be collected and further form as an integrated knowledge system.
This book has not changed my views on ethics in combat nor in garrison. In the many years I have been in the military and the over seven combat deployments, I must disagree with Mr. Couch. Instances of unethical behavior are not encouraged to the degree he thinks nor as widespread. Of course, as with any organization where people are present, there will always be outliers
Snider, D. M., Toner, K., & Oh, P. (2009). The Army’s Professional Military Ethic in an Era of Persistent Conflict. Security (p. 30). Carlisle.
Wallach, Wendell and Colin Allen. Moral machines: teaching robots right from wrong. Oxford University Press, 2010.
The story “Hero” by Joe W. Haldeman raises a few significant questions concerning the impact of technological change and how it affects the ethical/moral nature of warfare. This story presents the reader with a specific setting, which fuels further thought into the technological implications regarding the change at a humanistic level. The nature of ethical questions raised are impactful to the story given how the mechanical suits change my point of view on how the soldiers are portrayed throughout their training. Furthermore, these suits blur the lines between the human and mechanical aspect of the warfare. The story offers a unique and distinct approach to present the characters’ humanistic ethical values while they deal with the technological
Then, we learned to identify the thesis for the article “Autonomous Robotic Technology Could Pose A Serious Threat to Humanity” by Wendell Wallach and Colin Allen. The instructor showed us a reading about “Ethos, Pathos, and Logos” and instructed us how to use them effectively. From there, I started to develop some of the argument that I could use in my
Colonel Malham M. Wakin, in his evening address, asks whether Plato's claim that "knowledge is virtue" is true. Much contemporary experience suggests otherwise. To some extent, such an observation could apply to the military as well. Col Wakin argues that we do have some basic knowledge about human conduct, but that we live in a highly pluralistic society in which some practices reject that basic knowledge. Nonetheless, even though we draw members of the military from that pluralistic society, the uniqueness of the military function will always keep its leading practitioners apart from the mainstream of civilian society. The military profession swears to defend the values, the lifestyle that incorporates the minimal conditions for human dignity. After examining the convergence of the values that are functionally necessary for the military and those that we know are fundamental to social existence, he concludes that a competent military profession can serve as a moral anchor for its parent society.
Links999. Ethical and moral issues regarding artificial intelligence. Links999.org, 24 Apr. 2011. Web. 25 Apr. 2011. .
Lin, N. G. (2012). Robot Ethics : The Ethical and Social Implications of Robotics. Cambridge, MA, USA: MIT Press.
The member of the Defense Department and the marine have a common goal; to win the war. But there is a difference in their mindsets. The politician, safe behind his desk, has never experienced the fear and terror of being in battle. He has not seen the blood or heard the screams of suffering soldiers. He has not watched his best friend die in his arms after being hit my enemy fire. He is an onlooker, free to analyze and critique every aspect of the war from the safety of his office. He is free and safe to talk of ethics and proper war etiquette. The marine, immersed in battle, fighting for his life, can think of only one thing. Kill or be killed. When bullets are flying past his face and mortar shells are exploding all around him, he is not mindful of fighting ethically. Nor is he even mindful of fighting for his country. He is fighting for his life. To stay alive, he must kill the enemy, destroy the enemy. ...
Weng, Y-H., C-H. Chen and C-T. Sun. 2009. Toward the Human–Robot Co-Existence Society: On Safety Intelligence for Next Generation Robots. International Journal of Social Robotics 1 (4): 267-282 Springer http://www.springerlink.com/ (accessed February 13, 2011).
Artificial Intelligence, also known as AI, allows a machine to function as if the machine has the capability to think like a human. While we are not expecting any hovering cars anytime soon, artificial intelligence is projected to have a major impact on the labor force and will likely replace about half the workforce in the United States in the decades to come. The research in artificial intelligence is advancing rapidly at an unstoppable rate. So while many people feel threatened by the possibility of a robot taking over their job, computer scientists actually propose that robots would benefit a country’s efficiency of production, allowing individuals to reap the benefits of the robots. For the advantage of all, researchers and analysts have begun to mend the past ideas of human-robot interaction. They have pulled inspiration from literary works of Isaac Asimov whom many saw as the first roboticist ahead of his time, and have also gotten ideas of scholarly research done by expert analysts. These efforts have began to create an idea of a work force where humans and robots work together in harmony, on a daily basis.
The approach to artificial intelligence should be proceeded with caution. Throughout recent years and even decades before, it has been a technological dream to produce artificial intelligence. From movies, pop culture, and recent technological advancements, there is an obsession with robotics and their ability to perform actions that require human intelligence. Artificial intelligence has become a real and approachable realization today, but should be approached with care and diligence. Humans can create advanced artificial intelligence but should not because of the harm they may cause, the monumental advancement needed in the technology, and that its harm outweighs its benefits.
7. Robots, Ethics & War. (n.d.). Center for Internet and Society. Retrieved November 10, 2013, from http://cyberlaw.stanford.edu/blog/2010/12/robots-ethics-war
In today's society, robots come in different types and qualities, and robots’ use was mainly in the laboratories and factories; however, that has drastically changed where their uses are changing at a high speed. In addition to that, they have spread throughout the world. The main function of robots is to replace the work that people used to do, or perform tasks that man cannot. A robot is a mechanical or virtual device that uses a computer program, or electronic circuitry, to carry out its functions. In modern science, robotics refers to the study of robots is robotics, which deals with designing, constructing, operating, and using robots and computer systems for controlling and processing information and providing feedbacks. However, as much as robots replace human labor, individuals or organizations can use them in dangerous environments that might be harmful and beneficial to humans. Therefore, to understand the logic behind the creation of robots, one should learn the pros and cons of robotics, in the current society. This is because people are using this technology without having a deep understanding of its effects. However, an objective evaluation of the use of robots, in the modern society, shows that they have a positive influence on human beings, but if the robots were overused, it could lead to a negative side. which shows why human beings should use robots wisely that will result an improvement to their societies and own lives. Robots have become interactive equipment whereby they have become part of human life. In this regard, people use them directly or indirectly to enhance the quality of their lives. However, Sharkey argues that there are ethical issues that arise because of using robots to enhance hu...
In case of emergencies, robots could reduce the percentage of fatal damages that occurs through these cases. In fact, humans’ lives are much valuable and precious rather than robots, in which societies could use robots to scarify through the dangerous situation for the sake of rescuing people. In addition, dangerous situations such as firefighting or earthquake require much effort, precision, and scarifying in the evacuation process. Furthermore, a beneficial feature that could help robots to coexist through the risky situations easily and preform the rescuing mission perfectly is that robots do not have feelings or emotions. According to Bruemmer (2006), robots do not have the ability to realize or notify any aspect that people do not programmed them to do. In other words, robots are merely machines that cannot feel or recognize what surrounding them without a sophisticated program done by humans. Therefore, as robots do not have the ability of feeling or knowing they could go through inhumane conditions for saving people. Moreover, robots have various capabilities that make them unique enable them to do heavy duties and bear more serio...