Introduction: The microgrid system comprising of small-scale distributed generation system and loads can be promptly incorporated by means of the renewable energy sources [1-2]. Numerous researches have been conducted on the microgrid notion [3-5]. The performance of microgrid system is complex and irregular while some microsources are associated. In order to understand the behavior of a microgrid with several microsources, key issues such as microgrid control, stability and protection have to be considered in detail.
Background: The increasing require of electricity, fast exhaustion of fossil fuels, diminution of CO2 emissions, in conjunction with the incapability and ineffectiveness of present electricity grid are motivating chief changes in electricity production, circulation and consumption guides around the globe. In recent times, smart electricity grid configurations comprised with interlinked small or medium dimension generators, energy storage elements as well as power electronic technologies have been germinated to find the key limitations of the conventional grid structure. Microgrids are major ingredients of these promising grid configurations. Even though microgrids are received as feasible solutions to power stability and quality topics in ac power systems, the ambiguity in the capacity of microgrids are to deal with serious changeable load and fault situation is the most important pertain in the function of these novel grid configurations.
In the previous decennium, enormous attentions were elevated on the subject of distributed generation units, for instance solar photovoltaic panels, wind turbine generators, fuel cells, and so on. These Distributed Generations ...
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...bjectives: The focus of this research proposal is to develop of a microgrid management system for reliable operation which will be incorporated with modeling, controlling, and power management of microgrid applications. Toward this proposal a theoretical investigation of the basic function of a feeble grid will be presented. A novel grid management strategy under changeable loads will be proposed for power management. Simulation work and experimental test will also carry out to demonstrate and validate the proposed control system for the operational improvement of the DG networks.
The main objectives of this research project can be described as
• Development of novel control techniques, flexible and advanced, for system control improvement in a feeble power system.
• Improvement of power conversion efficiency.
• To examine how a feeble power system can be built up
The emergence of the Microgrids came after realizing that the architecture of the electricity grid existing nowadays (Figure 1) is getting obsolete, since it is based on the idea of a top-down system, which is predicated on unidirectional energy flows. [ASMUS09]
Palmieri, Nancy. “Off the Grid or on, Solar and Wind Power Gain.” USA Today 12 April 2006. Print.
Figure 6 shows a CPS view of the power grid. Figure 6 Power grid cyber physical infrastructures. Google] The cyber physical systems, consisting of electronic field devices, communication networks, substation automation systems, and control centers, are embedded throughout the physical grid for efficient and reliable generation, transmission, and distribution of power. The electrical grid has 3 main components: generation, transmission, and distribution.
This paper focus on the study related to analysis and design of a control system for the
Transient stability was detected as a threat in power system since 1920. In the earlier stage the problems were concerned with the far away situated generating unit supplying the load centers with long overhead transmission lines. The importance of this phenomenon was increased due to lots of blackouts. The industries were the most concerning with these kind of problem because interruption in the supply leads them into losses. It was one of the most dangerous problems on the system. As continue progress of the power system begins Instability of various kind, implementation of new technologies, tough operating condition have been developed. Power system stability had become a important topic in which voltage stability, inter area oscillation and frequency stability have more of concern. A deep understanding of different kinds of faults and their prone to unstable condition and how they are related to each other are very important to design and implementation of the power system. For analyzing power system stability, graphical methods like power circle diagram and equal area criterion ...
How Efficient is Solar Energy Technology? Engineering Challenges. n. d. a. d. a. d. d. 8 April 2014. http://www.engineeringchallenges.org/cms/8996/9082.aspx>. How do Nuclear Plants Work?”
The proposed inverter configuration consists of boost converter, Dc bus, three phase inverter, 12 terminal transformer, LC filter and three phase load. The figure 1shows PV inverter topology and one set of five inverter depicted in figure 2.
The United States currently relies heavily on coal, oil, and natural gas for its energy. While the price of natural gas per barrel continues to plummet, the United States is constantly seeking new sources of renewable energy. Renewable energy consists of any type of natural resource (solar power, ocean power, wind power, rain, snow, etc.) that naturally and automatically replenishes itself. Renewable energy is important because it is infinite and everlasting, meaning our children and our children’s children will be able to utilize these resources long after we are gone. I believe the only way the United States and the world will see a large-scale transition to renewable energy sources is through education. Right now, it seems as though only a few pockets of people throughout the world are aware of the positive benefits of renewable energy sources. Not only is it better and cleaner for our environment, but the industry of renewable energy could also
The Earth captures around 342 W/m2 of energy from the sun. This energy is in the form of solar radiation, which the atmosphere reflects about 77 W/m2 and will absorb around 68 W/m2 of solar radiation annually. Therefore, the Earth’s surface is receiving, on average, about 197 W/m2 of solar radiation annually. This amount of energy received is roughly more than 10,000 times the amount of all energy humans consume per year. This energy can be used to produce electricity or heat. This energy source is not being used to it’s potential considering how much effort would come into effect to store and transport this energy.
The wind is an incredibly valuable renewable energy source and is in the forefront of renewable energy developments. It is used to convert wind energy into energy that can be harnessed and used via a variety of methods, including; wind turbines, windmills, sails and windpumps. For a renewable energy source, however, it is wind turbines that are used to generate electricity (see figure 1). Wind power has been used for this since the end of the nineteenth century, after Professor James Blyth of the Royal College of Science and Technology first attempted it (Boyle, 2012). However, It wasn’t until the 1980s that using wind power technology was sufficient enough to experience a rapid growth of the technology.
Hydroelectric power plants can be classified in the four different size ranges: micro, mini, small, and large. The smallest hydroelectric...
Wind and solar power are small contributing factors to South Africa’s energy supply, but over the next few years they may become big major energy contributors because we have vast open areas of solar panels and the coastal areas can get really w...
Why do we need to rely on renewable sources? Most of the energy that we use today come from fossil fuels such as natural gas, coal, and oil. All of these resources are non-renewable, it can finish one day. In order to have a better world and a healthy environment for the future, people are trying to obtain energy from natural resources instead of non-renewable sources. In the lecture “Renewable energy resources” (2014), Mistry focuses on some advantages and disadvantages of renewable energy. There are different kind of resources that we can use in order to produce renewable energy. Solar power, wind power, hydroelectric power are just some of the kinds of renewable energy that might be the best options to obtain energy because they come from
The use of digital computers for power system relaying has been proposed long time ago in [1]. Discrete Fourier transform (DFT) was one of the first algorithms that have been proposed to be used in digital relaying. DFT has been the focus of many researched due to its simplicity and its relevant properties. Variations of the DFT have been proposed. This includes the short window, long window and the symmetrical component DFT [2]. DFT has many advantages compared to other types of transforms. In this short report the DFT will be reviewed. An emphasis will be given on the DFT as compared to the usual Fourier transform. The use of DFT in relaying will be outlined and explained. The frequency response of the DFT will be sketched out and stressed. The report ends with the advantages and the disadvantages of the DFT used in power system relaying.
Voltage stability is defined as the ability of a system to restore steady voltages at all buses in the power system after being exposed by any disturbance from a given initial operating conditions. Voltage stability purely depends on the capability to maintain equilibrium between load supply and load demand from the consumer end. When there will be any progressive fall or rise of voltages of some buses that can cause instability. Power system stability is expressed by the capability of a power system to restore steady voltages at all buses in the power system under normal operating conditions, and even after exposed by sudden or large disturbance. In power system at a condition in which loss of load in the area where voltages reach very low values or integrity of the system is lost causes voltage instability. When there will be any progressive drop in bus voltages it makes the rotor angles to go out of step. The progressive loss of synchronism of machines as rotor angles between two groups of machines approach or exceed 180° may results in very low voltages (Kundur, 1994).