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Role Of Personality Theory In Psychology
Topic of personality theory
Topic of personality theory
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The development of personality has long been an area of extreme interest to psychologists and psychoanalysts alike and many different theories of personality have developed over the years. From Sigmund Freud to B.F. Skinner, everyone seems to have not only an opinion of what personality is and how it develops but also an idea as to what is the best way to measure and report their findings. In order to test their theories, it was necessary to formulate methods of research that were effective, ethical and would provide a solid foundation for future personality research.Although both the clinical and experimental methods of personality research have lent themselves to our present day understanding of the human psyche and personality, each has done so in vastly different ways. Freud and his colleagues, who pioneered the clinical research method, chose to observe their clients in an up close and personal fashion.
A great deal of their research findings came from interviews with psychologically disturbed patients. Personality psychologists who opt for the clinical method of research regard their work as both a method of gathering information and testing hypothesis as well as an opportunity to provide therapy and encourage healing. Therefore, the clinical method is very person oriented and allows for a more intimate study of the individual personality.Proponents of the experimental method are equally as dedicated to their methods of research. Not unlike clinical researchers, experimental researchers regard their methods as the best way of gathering information to support hypothesis regarding personality.
Although their methods are not as up close and personal as those who study using the clinical method, they are certainly valuable. Experimental research is often regarded as the best form of research, due to its strict adherence to rigid research guidelines. Although neither of these two methods are infallible, each has its own merits and downfalls. In order to be best able to critique these methods one must have a general knowledge of each method, and an understanding of what has allowed them their staying power in the field of psychological research. The Clinical Research MethodThe clinical method of personality research developed literally at the patient’s bedside. During this time in the life of psychoanalytic research, the subjects were usually afflicted with one type of psychotic disorder or another.
This bedside approach to analysis allowed for the psychiatrist or psychologist to observe the patient in their most natural surroundings.
This essay will explore one of the possible combinations of theories on personality and explain how it can be applied in practical therapy.
Nursing theories are based on four meta-paradigms which are commonly accepted in the nursing profession. These include nursing, person, health, and environment. These meta-paradigms are represented in Dr. Barnard’s Nursing PCI
The scientific method is how psychologists gain knowledge about the mind and behavior. It is used by all scientists. The experimental method is the one way to engage the scientific method, and the only way to find a cause and effect in relationships. It is summarized in five steps, observing some phenomenon in the world, forming a hypothesis which is an educated prediction about relationships between two or more variables, examining the gathered information by using empirical research, determining what the results are and drawing them, and evaluating the results whether it will support the hypothesis or not. Researchers, at the end, submit their work for publication for all to see and read (King, 2016). There are three types of psychological research in the scientific method, descriptive research, correlation, and experimental research (King, 2016). The article The Effects of Negative Body Talk in an Ethnically Diverse Sample of College Students (Katrevich, Register, & Aruguete, 2014) is an example of the experimental method.
Every individual’s perspective of well-being varies according to how they define the term health. For a person living with a terminal disease, their definition of health may be completely different than a person who is living without any illnesses. Therefore, the term health is contextual and exits on a continuum and does not have an absolute definition. The World Health Organization describes health as “a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity”. Taking this into consideration when individualizing care with each client allows the nurse to take into a full understanding of how the client views health and
Around the 1960s, nursing educational leaders wanted to formulate a nursing theory that contained knowledge and basic principles to guide future nurses’ in their practice (Thorne, 2010, p.64). Thus, Jacqueline Fawcett introduced the metaparadigm of nursing. Metaparadigm “identifies the concepts central to the discipline without relating them to the assumptions of a particular world view” (MacIntyre & Mcdonald, 2014). Fawcett’s metaparadigm of nursing included concepts of person, environment, health, and nursing that were interrelated. The metaparadigm ultimately contributed to conceptual framework to guide nurses to perform critical thinking and the nursing process in everyday experiences in clinical settings.
The autobiography intrigued me with the very first sentences in the opening paragraph: “I’m onstage at a concert hall in Stockholm, Sweden, in the mid 1960s playing piano with the Miles Davis Quintet. We’re on tour, and this show is really heating up. The band is tight—we’re all in sync, all on the same wavelength. The music is flowing, we’re connecting with the audience, and everything feels magical, like we’re weaving a spell.” This sounds like the perfect beginning of an amazing journey through Hancock’s life and career. It made me expect to read a typical
It's a bird, wait, it's a parrot. No, it's The Floosh! Before The Floosh was saving lives all around the world he went by the name of Rick Barry. He grew up in a stable household with his best friend Floosh. Floosh wasn't a human, he was a parrot that Rick cared about more than anything in the world. Rick paid more attention to his pet than he ever did in school and this actually turned out to help him in the long run. On a regular Tuesday at Rojas high school in Nathaniel Ville, Texas. Rick decided to skip his last period of the day to experiment with the chemicals that his chemistry teacher kept away from the class. Rick created a mystery smoothie that smelled wonderful, so he dipped his hot pocket in it and devoured most of
Nursing is a multidisciplinary career that encompasses many different aspects into one to be able to provide the best care possible for all patients. Nurses are caregivers, counselors, advisors, teachers, and more, but to be able to do the job of a nurse one must put into perspective the person or patient, the environment, health, and the nurse. These four concepts together create the Nursing Metaparadigm. These concepts directly influence how a nurse will perform care to a patient and the type of nursing practice that will be demonstrated by that nurse. Each concept above may vary from one theorist to another, but they are the most common concepts in all of the nursing theories. While some concepts are more important each concept will influence
It is made of concepts which define the discipline and is the most abstract viewpoint of a discipline. The accepted concepts that are universal in all nursing theory are human beings or persons, environment, health and nursing, commonly known as the nursing metaparadigm (p. 90). Fawcett (1984), considers nursing philosophy and knowledge development as the basis of the nursing metaparadigm concepts. They are “central concepts of the discipline” (Fawcett, p. 84) that interact and interrelate. The four metaparadigms must be considered in
Virginia Henderson developed the nursing need theory, which focuses on increasing the patient’s independence to speed up the recovery process (Alligood and Tomey, 2009). This is where my theory begins to connect with hers. Our main duty as nurses is to provide care for the patient while they are unable to care for themselves and facilitate them to be the best individual they can be. For this reason nursing is both a science and an art. It is a science in that nurses must understand the disease processes that are affecting the patient’s health, they must also practice based on evidence that is defended by science, and know how to operate equipment and machines. However, it is an art because it requires unique care for each patient, and each nurse is going to provide care in a slightly different way. The nurse is responsible for following the health care providers plan of care, but the nurse provides the creativity that provides the individualized care. The ultimate goal of nursing is to provide care to facilitate the patient in retaining or maintaining their maximal level of
A metaparadigm is an overarching framework that provides a comprehensive perspective of a discipline. In nursing, this framework serves to distinguish the profession intellectually, comprising of four concepts which provide a foundation to the content and context of nursing theory and scope of practice (Lee & Fawcett, 2013; Masters, 2014; Schim, Benkert, Bell, Walker, & Danford, 2007). Namely, these foundational concepts are: person, environment, health, and nursing. Hence, the intent of this essay is to describe the four main concepts that make up nursing’s metaparadigm and discuss how they are used in practice, education and research.
A Comparison of the Main Approaches to Personality Psychology Psychology of personality is a difficult concept to define and quantify, therefore most personality theories, however different they may be in other respects, share the basic assumption, that personality is a particular pattern of behaviour and thinking, that prevails across time and situations and differentiates one person from another. Most theories attempting to explain personality represent part of the classic psychological Nature verse Nurture debate. In other words, is personality “inherited”, or developed through our interactions with the environment. In addition, we shall compare and contrast two of the main approaches to personality psychology by concentrating on Psychoanalytical Theory (Freud) and Social Learning Theory (Bandura). By looking at the Psychodynamic approach, developed by Freud, we can argue that it emphasizes the interplay of unconscious psychological processes in determining human thought, feelings, and behaviours.
Lastly, the findings of trait theory and its components described within the paper will be summarised. Major contributors to the trait theory of personality include three prominent psychologists. Boeree (2006) states that American born psychologist Gordon Allport has been described as the founding father of personality trait theory. Allport’s distinguished career included holding the presidency of the American Psychological Association (APA) and receiving the Gold Medal Award and a Distinguished Scientific Contribution Award from the APA (Carducci, 2009, p. 260). After meeting with Sigmund Freud in 1922 and studying his interpretation of personality, Allport developed the opinion that psychoanalysis was too in-depth while behaviourism was far too shallow in the field of personality psychology.
Like any other science, psychology is concerned with theories and data. Psychologists use a wide range of research methods and techniques that allow them to gather and make sense of the data that they produce. The methods that psychologists use to research and analyse the experience and behaviours of individuals or groups are called psychological research methods. This essay will be investigating and analysing three research methods to include; experimental, observational and surveys, also, reflecting on their strengths and weaknesses of each in addition to their usefulness in the psychology field.
As Benner so eloquently put it, “the essence of caring as a nurse is that you recognize the value and worth of those you care for and that the patient and their experience matters to you” (Benner & Wrubel, 1989, p.278). Within the following sections, I will discuss my personal philosophy of nursing and define the four nursing metaparadigms.