Chapter 1
Employees’ Perspective in Merger or Acquisition
A successful organization recognizes its need to adapt changes to survive global competition. Locally and around the globe, mergers and acquisitions are becoming more common between companies. Mergers occur when two or more companies combine their operations and participate as equal partners in order to achieve strategic and business objectives (Sudarsanam, 2003). Sudarsanam, S 2003, Creating Value from Mergers and Acquisitions The Challenges An Integrated and International Perspective, Harlow FT Prentice Hall. An acquisition occurs when a company takes over a smaller company and gets control to determine how combined operations will be managed (Shook & Roth, 2010). Shook, L V & Roth,
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Ideally mergers should complement existing operations and have a related culture. However, often cultural outlines of behavior can be broken when a merger or acquisition occurs which can generate an uncertain working environment for employees (Shook & Roth, 2010). Shook, L V & Roth, G (2010) ‘Downsizing, Mergers and Acquisitions, Perspectives of Human Resource Development Practitioners’, Journal o f European Industrial Training, 35 (2), pp 135-153. Most studies bound in the literature have a common prospective about the change in organization with respect to the merger and acquisition, which refers to the impact of stress on employees and consider it a negative event. Problems such as engaging employees during the merging and acquisition makes implementing them successfully very challenging for HR professionals (Schramm, 2010). Schramm, J. (2010) ‘Post-Recession Merger Challenges’, HR Magazine, [Online], Vol. 55 (2), p. 88. 83% of all respondents in a survey stated that at least half of all stress-related behavior goes hidden by employers (Weiss, 1989). Weiss, A. (1989). Managing for peak performance: A guide to the power (and pitfalls) of personal style. NY: Ballinger Publishing Company. There is the recognition that little or no attention is given to the human or the human side of …show more content…
Bashford, 2004 argued that lack in employee loyalty can stressed them which can decrease employee productivity, loyalty, morale, efficiency, trust, commitment and engagement. Bashford, S (2004) ‘The Survivor Syndrome’, Human Resources, p 43. In literature, Cartwright and Cooper (1992) surveyed 600 managers and employees of many merged companies. They stated that the managers’ and employees’ loyalty drops after mergers. He defines loyalty as the attachment of employees feels toward their employer, this refers to affective commitment. They also stated that the employees uttered their organization did not honor their hopes. Cartwright, S., & Cooper, G.L. (1992). Mergers and Acquisitions: the human factor. Oxford, Britain:
One mode to achieve the comprehensive healthcare services is through the mergers and acquisitions. However, during the course when the integrated company takes place, there are many challenges that the new company should deal to have concerted mission to achieve the desired goals.
fail (Cheng, 2012). Mergers and acquisitions are much common in these days and only a few of them are end up in successes. Even though mergers and acquisitions are not result much successes rate, many organizations are still preferring it because, it is used as a cooperative strategy but nowadays it is used for cooperative development. The cultural differences and merger integration can be considered as an important factor for the failure rate but this study mainly focused
A merger is a partial or total combination of two separate business firms and forming of a new one. There are predominantly two kinds of mergers: partial and complete. Partial merger usually involves the combination of joint ventures and inter-corporate stock purchases. Complete mergers are results in blending of identities and the creation of a single succeeding firm. (Hicks, 2012, p 491). Mergers in the healthcare sector, particularly horizontal hospital mergers wherein two or more hospitals merge into a single corporation, are increasing both in frequency and importance. (Gaughan, 2002). This paper is an attempt to study the impact of the merger of two competing healthcare organization and will also attempt to propose appropriate clinical and managerial interventions.
The purpose of this paper is to attempt to recompile information about the merger of two corporations; one of many taking places i...
Outsiders wondered how each company’s internal changes would affect their endless competitive battle in the industry. The case illustrates how global competitiveness depends on the organizational capability, the difficulty of overcoming deeply rooted administrative heritage, and the limitations of both classic multinational and global models.
The soft factors can make or break a successful change process, since new structures and strategies are difficult to build upon inappropriate cultures and values. These problems often come up in the dissatisfying results of spectacular mega-mergers. The lack of success and synergies in such mergers is often based in a clash of completely different cultures, values, and styles, which make it difficult to establish effective common systems and structuresBased on the case study, extensive research and annual reports of AT&T the writer has mapped AT&T in the different domains. AT&T should strive to attain a perfect circle as close to the centre as possible, which indicates total synergy, order and equilibrium. Where the circle is skewed drastic change is needed as it moves closer to the outer ring of chaos:
In speaking with her staff, Anne needs to set very clear and obtainable goals to help motivate her employees. Kreitner and Kinicki (2010, p. 228), in speaking about how goals regulate effort, state that “Not only do goals make us selectively perceptive, they also motivate us to act…Generally, the level of effort expended is proportionate to the difficulty of the goal”. With this in mind, she should set challenging goals, and lead her organization to accept the merger with motivation.
BT’s changes in management programs are key to its policy for managing the integration and assignation of people following mergers and acquisitions. HR’s roles were clearly defined in this process. The project management of mergers and acquisitions focuses on operating the activity, based around a business case for change. BT predictable the barriers to the introduction of such challenging plan because senior managers had to be wholehearted of the essential role of strength in business success. There were also extensive resources required to make the programs successful, as they required time for people to be released for training. These were the steps taken by BT’s higher managing people to keep them floating and leading in the Telco market.
Mergers and acquisitions immediately impact organizations with changes in ownership, in ideology, and eventually, in practice. There are multiple reasons, motives, economic forces and institutional factors that can, taken together or in isolation, influence corporate decisions to engage in mergers or acquisitions. The financial risks of merging with or acquiring an organization in another country and how those risks can be mitigated are important issues for corporations to conduct research on. This paper will examine the sensible and dubious reasons for mergers and acquisitions and the benefits and costs of the cash and stock transactions.
Voluntary and involuntary turnover have an effect on organizations. Rapid changes in job descriptions, organizational structures, and inter-organizational competitiveness increase the importance of studying turnover and its relationship with organizational change. According to Leana and Van Buren (1999), "the loss of key network members can severely damage an organization 's social fabric and perhaps eradicate its social capital altogether." When businesses lose a high number of employees, problems can occur, costing the company time and money. Some of the costs incurred are associated with training, drug testing, physicals, and orientations to hire replacements that may take several months to learn the job and to achieve competency. There is a saying, “Good help is hard to find---and harder to keep”. This saying refers to good organizations trying to reduce turnover when the competition for retaining good employees is intense.
Duboff, R. (1999). Loyal Employees Are a Key Link to a Firm's Value. Journal of Management in Engineering, 9.
In cultures that value loyalty to the employer, a kind of family relationship seems to develop between employer and employee. It is a reciprocal arrangement, which the employer is concerned with assisting the employee to develop to his or her full potential and the employee is concerned about optimizing the welfare of the company. The negative aspect to absolute loyalty to one company is that an employee may stay in one job that he or she has outgrow and may miss out on opportunities to develop in new directions. From the employer’s point of view, the employee may be burdened with employees whose skills no longer match the needs of the company.
The first two do not require the acquired business unit to be connected with the existing units; the second two depend on connection. Although the concepts are not always mutually exclusive, the way in which they generate value for the corporation is different for each. The portfolio management balances current business activities with new industry acquisitions. Its success is undervalued acquisition meets attractiveness and COE test. The challenges are: increased capital market competition, need for industry specific knowledge, and growth of the company and diversity. The restructuring seeks underdeveloped or sick companies and industries. Its successes are: utilize and pass the three tests and ability to find undervalued companies with growth potential. Its challenges are: restructurer exposed to more risk, time limit for success, hold onto a restructured company, and growing depletion of restructuring pool with increased competition. The transfer of skills involves activities important to competitive advantage. With transferring skills, business activities are similar enough that sharing knowledge would be meaningful. However, skills must be useful to key business activities and must be beyond competitors’ capabilities. The ability to share activities has been a potent basis for corporate strategy because sharing often enhances
Organisational change can cause stress for employees at all levels of an organisation, one of the main causes of increased employee stress during organisational change is employees’ perception of organisational change as a threat; many employees feel that there may be a threat to their job security, their status, or their ability to achieve if the conditions of their work are altered (Dahl, 2011). Employees may face changes in their written contracts and also in their implicit psychological contracts during organisational change, the change to these unwritten contracts can result in increased stress due to feelings of anger or betrayal by employees as they feel that they no longer know what to expect from their employer (Robinson & Rousseau, 1994). In addition, if employees do not feel that the organisation acts in a fair and just way they are more likely to
When entrepreneurs plan their business future they will consider how they can increase their business size or profit in a short period. Entrepreneurs may consider growing their business or company by using a merger or an acquisition. These methods can be a speed up tool and a short cut to enlarge their business. (Burns, 2011) Also they can reduce competition, make it easier for entrepreneurs to think about the market and product development and risk reduction. Furthermore, some lesser – known companies can improve their firm’s image and market power by using merger and acquisition with larger firms. However, there may be risks associated with merger and acquisition related to lack of finance and time. (Burns, 2011) This essay will discuss more deeply the advantages and disadvantages of using mergers and acquisitions, showing how it can affect firms and market with the case study.