Mercury - surface geology
Mercury is a very gray planet, which houses no living creatures or any ‘life’ in General. Mercury's surface is covered in impact craters, basaltic rock and smooth plains, many of them caused by what they believe is flood volcanism. Other features include vents which seem to be the cause of magma-carved valleys, often-grouped irregular-shaped, termed "hollows" that are believed to be the cause of collapsed magma chambers throughout the planet. The biggest crater on mercury was named Caloris Basin, and it has a diameter of 1550 km. Overall, about 15 impact basins have been identified on the part of Mercury that they were able to get a clear picture of. Some impact craters on Mercury are not very round, irregular shaped depressions or pits, and these are called ‘pit- floor’ craters.
Venus – Atmosphere and climate
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Theclouds fly around the top of the planet every four days, but wind speeds drop closer to the planet’s surface. The Winds on Venus move at about 224 mph and it keeps the clouds constantly in motion. On Venus, most of the sun's heat fails to make it through the heavy atmosphere. Although Venus and earth are very close to the same size, the air on Venus is about 90 times heavier then the atmosphere on earth, which would mean it would be very similar to driving 3,000 feet under the
Our understanding of the Earth’s interior has been a focus for scientific study for multiple decades, recognised in the early 1900’s. Throughout the years, scientists have debated and quarreled over their findings, observations and theories for the most correct model of the composition and internal structure of the Earth.
Simkin,T., Unger, J., Tilling, R., Vogt, P. and Spall, H. (1994) This dynamic planet : world map of volcanoes, earthquakes, impact craters, and plate tectonics. U.S. Geological Survey, Map Distribution
Abbott, M., Lin C., Martian, P., Einerson, J. (2008). Atmospheric mercury near Salmon Falls Creek Reservoir in southern Idaho. Journal of International Association of Geochemistry. Volume 23 issue 3. www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/
Firstly, Venus’s atmosphere is heavily laden with carbon dioxide (CO2), which makes up 96 percent of its atmosphere, 3.5 percent is made of nitrogen, and the remaining 0.5 percent is a combination of water vapor, sulfuric acid (which produce Venus’s thick, stable clouds), hydrochloric acid, and hydrofluoric acid. Venus’s upper atmosphere is cool, which the lower atmosphere is extremely hot and causes the surface temperature to rise to 470C (880F). Venus’ present atmosphere is very dry, but shows signs that it may have once contained water. An abundance of deuterium—the heavy isotope of hydrogen—developed, but was broken down into hydrogen and oxygen atoms by ultraviolet radiation that could not be absorbed by Venus’s lack of an ozone layer (Seeds).
One of these craters found, is the Alfrancus C. It has a maximum diameter of 10 km and a maximum radius of 5km. It has an estimated depth of 1.2km.
In many ways Venus is found to be similar to Earth. However their similarities do not extend further than their physical properties, for instance, their atmospheres differ greatly from each other. Venus is said to have atmospheric pressure of 92.1 barometers (Adams, D. Et al., 1994 p.126) which it is evidently 92 times greater than Earth’s that is 1.01 barometers (Adams, D. Et al., 1994 p.126) at sea-level. In spite of this comparison to Earth’s atmospheric pressure, Venus owns an out of the ordinary atmospheric composition.
There are a couple theories to how Mercury came to have this dense iron core. The most widely accepted theory is Core Accretion. In this theory scientists believe it has to do with the formation of Mercury this theory basically states “Mercury, like other planets, likely collected the more nebulous pieces
This process as known as The Caloris Impact. The lava flowed into craters and basins which filled holes and cracks that smoothed out their floors. Like Earth, Mercury has 3 main layers. The Earth’s being the crust, mantle, and core. Earth’s core is made up of molten rock AKA lava.
This is the Scholarly Journal Archive. 2. Letters Planet Pluto Gerard P. Kuiper Science, New Series, Vol. 124, No. 2 -. 3216. The. Aug. 17, 1956, p. 322.
Most big asteroids are ball shaped. Smaller asteroids, which are usually broken off of a larger asteroid, come in a lot of different shapes. All asteroids have craters that form when they bump or crash into other asteroids. The older the asteroid, the more times it has been hit and the more craters it has.
Venus’s standing inside a large pearl colored seashell with golden edges, represents female genitalia giving a symbolic birthing scene, and has been blown ashore by Zephyors and Chloris who’s floating above the sea on the right of Venus. Zephyors is the god of the west wind ,his face shows strain from the power of his breath his cheeks inflated with air ,lips puckered , forehead wrinkled with by the force he’s expelling the wind. Zephyors skin is tan with long brown hair the same as the color of his angelic wings , his body is in a bracing pose with his arms pushed back with his hand opened his chest exposed and forced forward, his blue cloak tied around his neck is blown back from the winds wrapping around his right arm and pelvis. Zephyors left hand is wrapped around Chloris. Chloris is a nymph associated with spring and blossoming flowers, her arms are wrapped around Zephyors with her fingers intertwine on his right side her right leg is hooked on his upper left pelvis down to his knee. Chloris upper body is facing Zephyors with her head nearly touching his looking towards Venus, her mouth is slightly open face relaxed her eyes focused on Venus almost in awe of her beauty .Chloris cloak tied on her left shoulder rich dark green color with gold highlights draped over her body with her left breast exposed. Her skin
Scientists believed that about 3.5 million years ago, “Earth and Mars may even have had similar ecological environments.” (Exploring Space). Mars has the tallest mountain in the Solar System, the Olympus Mons, which is 27 kilometers high. (Interesting Facts About Planet Mars). It is also one of the largest volcanoes in the Solar System with a diameter 370 miles, “wide enough to cover the state of New Mexico.” (Facts and Info about Red Planet). Like Earth, Mars also has canyons, including the Valles Marineris which was formed mostly by the pulling of Mars’ crust. Some canyons in the System are as wide as 60 miles. (Mars: Facts and Info about Red Planet).
Known as “Earth’s twin”, Venus is very similar to Earth in composition, size, mass, and gravity. However, their temperatures are not so similar. The average temperature on Venus is a toasty 460 degrees Celsius (864 degrees Fahrenheit), as opposed to the cool 14 degrees Celsius (58.3 degrees Fahrenheit) Earth experiences. Needless to say, it would not be an ideal vacation spot. Venus is the hottest planet in the solar system, thanks to the runaway greenhouse effect. The atmosphere of Venus is also majorly different from Earth. It is composed of 97% carbon dioxide and 3% sulfuric acid, with an atmospheric pressure that is ninety-two times that of Earth. This pressure would be the same as being in the lowest depths of the ocean on Earth. However, like Earth, Venus is one of the four terrestrial planets, meaning it has a rocky surface, and a surface area of 177.7 million square miles. The gravity, which is 8.87 meters per second is very similar to Earth. Its mass is also very similar, 4.867E24 kilograms, and a density of 5.20 grams per centimeter.
The planet Venus is able to reach a max temperature of 870 degrees Fahrenheit. Venus is mainly known for its heat, as well as its unusual atmosphere. Venus’ atmosphere is denser than any other planet, even though it is commonly compared to the planet Earth because of their many shared characteristics. These characteristics include size, mass, density, composition, and gravity. There are many qualities of the famous planet Venus that help separate it from all of the other planets in the solar system.
Mercury is the first planet closest to the Sun. It is the smallest planet in the solar system. Mercury rotates three times in two of its years. One of Mercury's days is equal to 176 Earth days because its rotation is very slow. What is weird is that its day is longer than its year. Mercury’s year is about 88 earth days the shortest in the solar system. It has the shortest year because it is closest to the Sun.