Melanoma
Melanoma is the most dangerous of skin cancer. Melanoma is complicated from how it happens, the signs and symptoms, causes, risk factors and treatment. There are so many types of cancers, but Melanoma is a cancer that you do not hear of as often.
Melanoma starts in the melanocytes. Melanocytes are the cells that make the pigment melanin according to (www.skincancer.org). Cancerous growths can develop from UV lights and the sun. A source of UV lights would be tanning bed. These sources caused cells to trigger mutation. The trigger mutations cause genetic defects. Genetic defects leads to skin cell multiply and form malignant tumors.
The tumors can be multiply colors such as black, brown, pink, red, purple, blue and white according to (www.skincancer.org). “These tumors orginate in the pigment producing melanocytes in the basal layer of the epidermis”. Stated by (www.skincancer.org). If the tumors can be recognized early they are more likely to be treatable. Some people are not as lucky and it spreads throughout the body, and this makes it harder to treat the cancer. According to (www.skincancer.org) “120,000 new cases of melanoma in the United States are diagnosed in a year. In the year 2010 about 68,130 invasive melanomas, with about 38,870 in males and 29,260 in women.”
Melanoma develops in areas that are more exposed to the sun. Melanoma can also occur in areas such as feet, palms of your hands and fingernail beds. This is less likely, but most often occurs in people with darker skin. (www.mayoclinic.org). One of the first signs of melanoma is a change in an existing mole or sometime of unusual growth on your skin. (www.skincancer.org) explains the ABCDE signs of a mole. A is for Asymmetry. The way to determine thi...
... middle of paper ...
...is, for the physician will perform surgery to remove the cancer. Stage 1 will also need surgery, may also need sentinel lymph biopsy and interferon.
Stage 2 will need surgery, sentinel lymph node biopsy and interferon after surgery. Patient may also be considered for a clinical trial. Stage 3 patient will receive surgery, interferon, possibly radiation and or chemotherapy. Immunotherapy may also be performed.
Stage 4 consists of surgery, radiation, immunotherapy, chemotherapy. Patient may also be considered for a clinical trial. Patient may decide to stop treatment.
Melanoma is a serious cancer that needs to be monitored. Melanoma is complicated from how it happens, the signs and symptoms, causes, risk factors and treatment. Knowing the signs and symptoms can help detect the melanoma early to help prevent the cancer spreading and treatment to be started.
Treatment depends on number of factors like the health of a person and their age, treatments can be very strenuous on the body but almost no surgery is required. Chemotherapy and radiotherapy o combined making treatment for lymphoma very effective and giving it a high survival rate.
Melanoma is a non-communicable disease and according to the Melanoma Institute of Australia, is a malignant skin cancer that affects thousands of individuals. It is a prevalent and serious non-communicable disease, making it an important issue in Australia. Both a biomedical perspective and sociological perspective must be considered to enable health practitioners to have a deep understanding about melanoma, and thus allow them to develop efficient and effective treatment and prevention methods.
What is skin cancer ? first, Skin is the largest organ of the body . it gives our body protection from harms, injuries and infections. It also organize the body temperature and dispose of waste substances through the glands . out layer of the skin is called the epidermis and the layer underneath is known as the dermis . Skin cancer is type of disease where malignant cancer cells are to be found the outer layer of a person's skin and is the uncontrolled development of the irregular skin cells .It occurs when unrepaired DNA damage to skin cells caused by ultraviolet radiation from sunlight or genetic defects, that lead the skin cells to duplicate rapidly and form malignant tumors. there are three main types of skin cancer which are basal
Happy endings don’t come with ill-gotten wealth but yet, the taunting spirit of greed leads characters like Marion and Tom Walker into their fateful death. In the short story, "The Devil and Tom Walker", written by Washington Irving, is about Tom Walker who starts out with a miserly life with a grouchy wife to only make a pact with the devil and live as a corrupt money lender. In the movie, Psycho, directed by Alfred Hitchcock is about Marion Crane who steals forty-thousand dollars from a rich client, runs away and stops at the Bates Motel. She is killed by "Norma" Bates, a second personality of Norman Bates and her murder is left to be resolved to her sister, Lila and her boyfriend, Sam. These two plots share a main character that comes from meager backgrounds and have an opportunity to gain wealth but from unethical means. Both
Melanoma is a very serious type of skin cancer. The cancer starts in skin cells known melanocytes. Even though melanoma primarily affects skin cells, it also can grow in the eyes (uveal melanoma). Melanocytes are made up of melanin, which provides skin color and protects the deeper layers of the skin from the sun’s harmful ultraviolet (UV) rays.
Skin cancer has been overlooked for the past few decades because the medical community has been focusing more on internal cancers. But with in exponential rise in recorded cases of skin cancer, it is grabbing attention now. Skin cancer is a serious problem and society is brushing it off so people might sport a nice tan. Even though skin cancer is not the type cancer that people see everyday or have family members develop it as often as say, breast cancer or prostate cancer, that does not make it any less of an important item to keep a look out for.
Skin cancer is a disease in which malignant cancer cells are found in the outer layer of the human skin. This particular cancer is one of the most common cancers among the U.S. population, affecting and spreading over more than one million people a year. “Skin cancer is categorized into two separate groups being; malignant melanomas and non-melanoma cancers.” (Adam, 2013)
Most forms of skin cancer are found on areas of the body that experience constant exposure to sunlight. The ultraviolet rays in sunlight are one main cause of skin cancer, but artificial sources of UV rays have also been proven to be a contributing factor.
The Phase I trial will be discussed here as it pertains to the topic at hand. The typical treatment for cervical cancer if surgery is not a viable option – like if the cancer has spread, then called locally advanced cervical cancer – is chemotherapy and radiation treatment at the same time. This phase I clinical trial is simply looking to add ipilimumab to this regimen, but once the chemo/radiation has been completed (LACC article). Chemo and radiation destroy tumor cells, which causes tumor-associated antigens to be released. Once released, these antigens are exogenous (outside the cell) and will be presented to helper T cells to initiate an immune response.
Stage IIB can also be detected in three ways. If there is a tumor between two and five centimeters present with small groups of breast cancer cells sizes varying between .2 millimeters and 2 millimeters found in the lymph nodes. The second way that IIB can be found is if there is a tumor of those same dimensions found, but this time present with cancer cells that have spread to two to three axillary lymph nodes or to lymph nodes near the breastbone. The last way can be described as a tumor larger than five centimeters but has not spread to the axillary lymph nodes.
Each stage is characterized by an A, B, or C letter, depending on the degree to which the symptoms present themselves. The differences in each stage are as follows: stage 1 is when the cancer is either found in one ovary or both, stage 2 the tumor is found in one or both ovaries and extends to other pelvic structures, stage 3 the cancer has spread beyond the pelvis to the lining of the abdomen or to the lymph nodes and finally in stage 4 the cancer has spread to other organs in the body including the liver or lungs (Ovarian Cancer National Alliance). Cancer is “staged” by taking a sample of the infected tissue surgically and sending it to a lab for examination. Staging is crucial in order for medical professionals to determine which course of treatment would be the most effective for the given patient. If misdiagnosed, an entire area affected by this disease could potentially be missed and left untreated.
Treatment is pending on the severity of the cancer. Options for treatment are: surgery, thyroid hormone treatment, radioactive iodine therapy, external radiation therapy and chemotherapy. Depending on the size of the nodule, age and if the cancer has spread, patients are more likely to have more than one treatment. Each treatment plan is developed to meet that patient’s needs. (Thyroid Cancer, 2012)
Skin Cancer is caused by hereditary factors, overexposure to the sun, and weak immune systems. (“Skin Cancer” infotrac.com) One reason people tend to get skin cancer is when someone in your family has passed their genes down to you, known as hereditary. Normally hereditary is one of the causes in the development of melanoma. For all types of skin cancers, overexposure of the skin to UV radiation in sunlight is the most frequently blamed source of skin cancer. “Research suggests that sunburns received early in one’s childhood can lead to skin cancer later in life” (“Skin Cancer” infotrac.com). For example, when someone gets sunburned, you usually don’t know till ten to twenty years after and that’s why people don’t get skin cancer till they reach their twenties.
The patient will also have to undergo surgery to remove the cancer, and the individual will undergo cancer treatment. Melanoma can spread to other parts of the body that are sometimes internal and not visible to the eye. Sometimes a person needs to let their worries fade away for a little bit, and these tanning methods can do that for some people. Tanning helps cope with stress and depression as stated in the text “tanning has been known to improve seasonal affective disorder” which is a type of depression that a person goes through around the same time every year (Banerjee).
The word melanoma comes from the Greek words, melas (black) and -oma (tumour). It is a very serious cancer that most often occurs in the skin and less frequently in the eye or in the lining of the nose, mouth, or genitals. Melanoma begins in melanocytes, cells that make a pigment called melanin. Both light- and dark-skinned people have melanin, which gives colour to the skin, hair, and parts of the eye.