A prescription means documents which consist the medicine prescribed by a medical professional and are regulated by the government. The medical professionals can authorize prescription medicine including physicians, nurse practitioners, dentists, veterinarians, psychologists and optometrists[22]. They include the superscription or heading with the symbol "R" or "Rx", which stands for the word recipe (meaning, in Latin, to take); the inscription, which contains the names and quantities of the ingredients; the subscription or directions for compounding the drug; and the signature which is often preceded by the sign "s" standing for signa (Latin for mark), giving the directions to be marked on the container [23].
A prescription should contain:
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Otherwise overdose or low dose will hamper the therapeutic efficacy of the drug.
Route of administration: This part of the prescription is written in Latin abbreviation. Commonly used abbreviations are: PO (by mouth),PR (per rectum),IM (intramuscular), IV (intravenous),ID (intradermal),IN (intranasal),TP(topical),SL(sublingual),BUCC (buccal),IP (intraperitoneal)
Frequency: this part is also written in abbreviation of Latin words. This part shows the frequency of taking a medicine in a day. The commonly used abbreviations are: daily (no abbreviation) every other day (no abbreviation), BID/b.i.d. (Twice a Day), TID/t.id. (Three Times a Day), QID/q.i.d. (Four Times a Day), QHS (Every Bedtime), Q4h (Every 4 hours), Q4-6h (Every 4 to 6 hours), QWK (Every Week).
The “why “portion: The “why “portion is an optional part which is kept for the person who leave any dose of medicine prescribed by the physicians. This is filled up by the patient that why the dose was missed.
Refills: This instruction on the prescription informs the pharmacist how many times the patient will be allowed to use the same exact prescription, i.e. how many refills are allowed
What is the purpose of each of the medications the patient is on? Why is this patient receiving them?
Successful American writer and former CEO of furniture company Herman Miller, Max De Pree said, “The first responsibility of a leader is to define reality. The last is to say thank you. In between, the leader is a servant.” I strongly agree. Thus, I will first assume the role of a leader, a role that will hopefully develop into an official role, by defining the reality of NHS.
Studies have shown that patients fail to adhere and comply with medicines because of lack of understanding. [1] Gordon et al (2007) conducted a study which aimed to identify medication related problems and identify approaches to support patients to manage their medication. Problems with access to and the organisation of services was one of the findings highlighted from the study. Pharmacy can address the issues associated with organisation of services, patient education and engaging patients in decision making about their medicines in the home during consultation.
This service is experienced, documented, evaluated and paid for as Pharmaceutical Care. Pharmaceutical Care consists of a philosophy of practice, patient care process as well as a patient management system. Pharmaceutical Care has common integrated vocabulary consistent with other patient care practices such as medicine, dentistry and nursing. Philosophy of pharmaceutical care consists of a description of the social need for the practice, a concise and clear statement of individual practitioner responsibilities to meet this social need, the expectation to be patient-centered and the requirement to function within the caring paradigm. This philosophy of practice is expected and practiced by all health care professionals. The patient care processes must be consistent with the patient care processes of all other health care providers. These processes include the assessment of the client’s pharmaceutical needs, a health care plan that is constructed to meet the specific needs of the client and a process in which evaluates the health care plan to gauge the efficacy of decisions made and actions taken. Pharmaceutical care management system includes all resources needed to manage the client’s needs, which include the space provided, such as a clinic or hospital, an appointment system for patients, appropriate and ethical documentation, reporting of patient care, evaluation of decisions made and actions taken and payment of service
Production • Partial Refills • Record prescription status 5) Pick-up • At home delivery • Phone calls • Quick pay IT Changes: 1. Implementation of computer system to register prescriptions 2. Virtual queue Summary: Drop-off
medications is more than the act of getting drugs to a patient. The delivery of medication is directly tied to the charge for the medication. Thus the responsibility for charging or crediting medication belongs to technicians. This aspect of their job is strictly governed by federal regulations. These laws hold the technician directly responsible for the accuracy of a patient’s account’s charge and credit transactions. Because every dose is related to a specific day and time, when technicians credit they must apply that change to the corresponding dose. Assignificant as accuracy is to the patient’s account, accuracy in the making of their medications is even more important.
PMR components are the patient full name, date of birth, phone number. Emergency contact information, any know allergies for food and medications, and a list of their medication therapies. For each drug listed in the patient’s record, it must include the drug name, dose, interaction, instruction for medication use, and prescriber information. The patients should be encouraged to maintain their PMR updated and carry them all the time. Patients should share their PMR with all healthcare providers to make them aware of the patient’s current medication regimen to be able to achieve the optimal patient
• Organize inventory and alert pharmacists to any shortages of medications or supplies • Accept payment for prescriptions and process insurance claims • Enter customer or patient information, including any prescriptions taken, into a computer system • Answer phone calls from customers • Arrange for customers to speak with pharmacists if customers have questions about medications or health matters Pharmacy technicians work under the supervision of pharmacists, who must review prescriptions before they are given to patients. In most states, technicians can compound or mix medications and call physicians for prescription refill authorizations. Technicians also may need to operate automated dispensing equipment when filling prescription orders. Pharmacy technicians working in hospitals and other medical facilities prepare a greater variety of medications, such as intravenous medications.
Medicalization and the Construction of a Bionic Society Just four decades ago, audiences were intrigued by the science fiction television series The Bionic Woman; the tale of a woman who is re-built and in a sense reborn after sustaining life-threatening injuries. Jamie Sommers was saved with the help of surgical implants and prosthetics that not only repaired her broken body, but enhanced her previous abilities with super-human strength. Today, the term bionic is used to describe a society changed by the social construct of medicalization, a term defined as assigning a medical meaning to a person’s physical characteristics, mental processes, and deviant behaviors (Schierenbeck, 2010). Medicalization, with the assistance of biotechnology, allows individuals to seek medical intervention to enhance their ability to be better than well (Maturo, 2012). Medicalization has given medical meaning to a broad scope of normal human occurrences such as, feelings of sadness and shyness, physical changes in the human body due to aging, and to behaviors that do not fit into the current social norms.
List all Current Medications (Add to table as necessary). Complete detailed medication forms per instructor discretion.
Within a hospital the "pen to patient” (Benjamin DM., 2003) steps are often complex which led to miscommunication and can have life threatening affects to the patient. Often it can be extremely difficult to understand the doctor’s handwriting on a patient’s drug kardex which can lead to medication errors. Healthcare providers also use many abbreviations when writing notes and prescriptions which may be misinterpreted. Therefore, healthcare providers should avoid using complicated abbreviations and ensure that their writing is legible for others. Also if the drug dose isn’t written clearly the wrong amount could be given and have disastrous consequences.
Introduction “The right treatment for the right person at the right time” The concept of ‘personalized medicine’ arises out of the fact that all patients showing a particular symptom do not respond similarly to a particular medicine. This has led to the search for a more effective type of medical treatment that will respond on the basis of genetics of an individual patient. The medicine in that case will be more powerful and treatment will be more effective. Personalized medicine may be thought of as modified medical treatment to the individual characteristics, needs and preferences of each patient.
According to Anne Wojcicki “As the knowledge around personalized medicine continues to grow, consumers should expect their healthcare providers to begin to incorporate genetic information into their treatments and preventative care.” (Co-Founder of genetic testing company 23andMe on Personalized Medicine) Personalized medicine is a medical model that offers the mix of healthcare medicinal decisions, and products that being tailored to cater the need of the individual patient. It goes according to the individual characteristics, and preferences during all stages of care such as diagnosis, treatment, and prevention to maximize the result of treatment offered to the patients. The basic idea behind it is to come with new methods, which can use our molecular understanding of disease. It focuses on pharmacogenetics those studies genetic differences, which lead to differences in the way certain medicines interact with the human body.
The field of medical informatics appeared when computer technology became erudite enough to take care of enormous amounts of data. There were former investigations in the dentistry field, but it was not until the early 1960’s that medical informatics begun to normalize as a field (Healthcare Information and Management Systems Society [HIMSS], 2013). Informatics gained prevalent acceptance in the 1970s, mostly with electronic medical records, yet started development in the early 1960s. As technology improved over time, due to the recognition and progress of processors and devices like smart phones, informatics progressed exponentially (HIMSS, 2013). The prevalent acceptance of medical informatics permitted health care providers secure and speedy admission to relevant data on a patient.
Firstly, the main role of a pharmacist is to dispense medicines to their patients according to the prescription given. Before this, they have to ensure that they delivering the right drug, the strength and dosage of the medicine are appropriate, as well as ensuring the medication is safety and can work effectively in the human body. (Swanson, 2005)