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Marcus Garvey and W.E.B. Du Bois Impact the Fight for Racial Equality
The beginning of the early twentieth century saw the rise of two important men into the realm of black pride and the start of what would later become the movement towards civil rights. Both Marcus Garvey and W.E.B. Du Bois influenced these two aforementioned movements, but the question is, to what extent?
Marcus Garvey, born in Jamaica, came to the United States on March 23, 1916 to spread "his program of race improvement" (Cronon, 20). Originally, this was just to gain support for his educational program in Jamaica, but would soon become much more. Because of conditions at the time, the American Negro World took a great liking to him and his ideas of race redemption. Garvey’s organization, the Universal Negro Improvement Association, which was already established, was now the focal point for blacks in America to gather around.
Garvey would later come up with his idea of starting an African Nation that would be the center for all black activity throughout the world. This plan would eventually be called the Back to Africa movement. He did not believe in a mass migration to Africa, but rather, he desired that a group of hardworking and influential blacks move to Africa to establish this new nation. In Philosophy and Opinions, Garvey said, "A race without authority and power is a race without respect." He believed that this new nation, an achievement by and for blacks, would lead to respect for them everywhere. "The prejudice of the world is not so much against skin – it is not so much against color – it is against what you have not done" (Garvey, 39). This nation would be an accomplishment and would provide protection for all blacks, according to Garv...
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...s with their words, whether it be oration or writing. They caused blacks to be proud of who and what they were, and it also showed them that they could do more. These two men squashed the notion that Booker T. Washington spoke of in his speech in Atlanta, Georgia on September 18, 1895, where he said that blacks must accept their inferior role.
Works Cited
Dumenil, Lynn. The Modern Temper. New York: Hill and Wang, 1995.
Garvey, Marcus. The UNIA Papers Project. http://www.isop.ucla.edu/mgpp/lifesamp.htm. 1925
McKissack, Patricia and Frederick. W.E.B Dubois. New York: Franklin Watt, 1990.
Sewell, Tony. Garvey’s Children: The Legacy of Marcus Garvey. Trenton:Africa World Press, Inc., 1990.
Stein, Judith. The World of Marcus Garvey: Race and Class in Modern Society. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State UP, 1986.
UCLA. http://www.isop.ucla.edu/mgpp/facts.htm. 1995
"New Poll: Parents Are Talking With Their Kids About Sex but Often Not Tackling Harder Issues." Sexual & Reproductive Health. N.p., n.d. Web. 30 Apr. 2014.
When it all comes down to it, one of the greatest intellectual battles U.S. history was the legendary disagreement between Booker T. Washington and W.E.B. DuBois. This intellectual debate sparked the interest of the Northerners as well as the racist whites that occupied the south. This debate was simply about how the blacks, who just gained freedom from slavery, should exist in America with the white majority. Even though Washington and DuBois stood on opposite sides of the fence they both agreed on one thing, that it was a time for a change in the treatment of African Americans. I chose his topic to write about because I strongly agree with both of the men’s ideas but there is some things about their views that I don’t agree with. Their ideas and views are the things that will be addressed in this essay.
Booker T. Washington was an African American leader who established an African-American college in 1181. Then in 1895 delivered the Atlanta Compromise Speech to an audience of mainly Southerners, but some Northerners were present. In his speech he made a few points. He said, “No race can prosper till it learns that there is as much dignity in tilling a field as in writing a poem.” Washington believed that the African American race needed to learn first that manual labor was just as important as the work of intellects. He thought that until they learned this they were not worthy of becoming intellects themselves. The color line is thus important in teaching them this lesson. He also said, “It is important and right that all privileges of the law be ours, but it is vastly more important that we be prepared for the exercise of these privileges.” His opinion was that one day blacks would deserve to have equal rights with the whites, but right now in 1895 the blacks needed to be...
In the article Marcus Garvey, used this form of writing where he bolded each word he started his new paragraph with, and with each bolded word he would explain what it meant to him in his own words. He first started off the article with the word history; he started off with this word because history is what keeps people from forgetting about the hardships and trials. History tells the facts no matter how much the story gets changed around. Chance, Life, Criticism, Fear, Ambition, these are some of the words he used to go in depth with his point about the Negro race. While writing this article he talks a lot about awakening Africa and the Negros from Africa and restoring both to their former image of superiority and making Africa a mighty nation
We can see that African Americans were still struggling for equality even after the emancipation and the abolishment of slavery. They still did not get the equal rights and opportunities compared to whites. This had been reflected in the first essay in Du Bois’s book with a title Of Our Spiritual Strivings that indicates blacks were denied the opportunity that were available to the whites even after emancipation. During the days of Jim Crow, people of color received unfair treatment from almost all aspects of their lives. At that time, not all people were brave enough to express and speak up their desire for transformation. Two most influential black leaders that were known to have the courage to speak up their beliefs in social equality were
In closing, we really need to get away from the old tradition thoughts and open our mind about ‘sex’. Having a positive attitude towards it, and promote better sex education to teenagers is the only way to deal with teenage pregnancy and misunderstand of sex. “Knowledge is power, education is key to what we do to change entrenched views, create awareness and take a preventative stance.” by Mother’s Choice.
Marcus Garvey is also known as “The Negro Moses” because of his driven efforts that successfully gained freedoms for Africans. At age fourteen Marcus lived in Jamaica and became a printer where he eventually learned the skill of public speaking. He later left Jamaica and headed to Central America where he published a few papers and returned back to Jamaica. He did not stay there too long before going to England where he gained knowledge of the frightening imperial and aristocratical power. Garvey once again went back to Jamaica shortly after World War I started. Being a follower of Washington, Garvey wrote to him about his efforts and was later invited to the United States. The racism was bad it led Garvey driven to do something. He organized part of the Universal Negro
Every parent gets nervous when it comes time to have the “talk” with their child. Some parents choose to just be upfront with their child, and others choose not to say anything at all but, sex education is a very important thing. Everyone should inform their children and not rely on others to do the job no matter what the situation may be.
In 1903 black leader and intellectual W.E.B. Du Bois wrote an essay in his collection The Souls of Black Folk with the title “Of Mr. Booker T. Washington and Others.” Both Washington and Du Bois were leaders of the black community in the 19th and 20th century, even though they both wanted to see the same outcome for black Americans, they disagreed on strategies to help achieve black social and economic progress. History shows that W.E.B Du Bois was correct in racial equality would only be achieved through politics and higher education of the African American youth.
Lieberman, Lisa D. (2006). “Early Predictors of Sexual Behavior: Implications for Young Adolescents and Their Parents.” Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health. Volume 38, Number 2. Copyright 1996-2014, Guttmacher Institute. https://www.guttmacher.org/pubs/journals/3811206.html
Furthermore, how many parents are educated themselves on how to approach their teenage son or daughter on sexuality. A survey conducted by New York University’s Center for Latino Adolescent and Family Health along with Planned Parenthood Federation of America conducted a survey of parents about how they talk about sex to their ch...
Nine quantitative research papers focused on the contents of parent-child communication about sex. Six papers focused on parent-child pairs. A number of researchers used a range of different topics to assess whether or not parents had ever discussed the topic with their children. For example, ten items of content and ten items of process of communication between mother and adolescents were established by Miller et al. (1998a), with the aim to measure which sex-related topics were discussed and how their content was transmitted. The same research team used the instruments with various groups of participants. For examples, Dutra et al. (1999) used the content and process instruments to measure not only mothers and teenagers but also fathers’ communication, and Whitaker et al. (1999) used these instruments to measure the influences of parent-child communication about sex in content and process with sexual risk behaviours in sexually active young people.
Sex education is a major subject of interest among teenagers mostly during the puberty period. The puberty period is usually characterized by increased sexual desires and maturity of the sexual organs. Sex education is of most importance during this period in order to avoid deadly mistakes. The argument over sex education started in the early 1960’s when the government sponsored a sex education campaign in schools worth $176 million (Lemken 2). This innovation aroused the interest of many prestigious American citizens and the debate on the legalization of sex education became more intense. It is noted that towards late 1960, after the pros and cons of sex education had been analyzed, it was finally legalized in the U.S. An American reporter, Cindy Patton evaluates that “about 40% of the total high schools in the United States introduced sex education as a free elective for students.”(26). Hence, it is seen that sex education became part of the curriculum of high schools. Despite the fact that sex education has been frowned at by a lot of parents, it should be encouraged because it teaches teenagers how to live a healthy sexual life; thus reducing the rate of teenage pregnancy, rape and sexually transmitted diseases in the society.
For years, the question “Should schools teach sex education?” has been asked in American households; and many families have agreed that they would rather not have the schools teach sex education to their children. In each region of the country, there are families that feel the money should not fund sex education, especially funds put into public education, because that is “a duty for the parents.” A question remains, however, why people do not discuss sex with their children, and does this lack of communication between child and parent affect the child’s future. This lack of communication has been proven through studies to be harmful to the lifestyles and well-being of members of society. The importance of family involvement and communication in sex education should be emphasized to reduce the future risks of sexually transmitted infections, prolonged psychological trauma, or confusion in the United States. Studies have shown that sexual education between parents and children does show progress in decreasing premature sexual activity and STI rates.
Humans are sexual beings. We want it. We all need sex. It is an important part of us. Sex can be simply a pleasurable act, yet it can also be an expression of our love for someone else. In short, sex is wonderful. However, it is relatively rare to encounter a rational discussion about sex, even between partners. As with all activities about which people are passionate and which involve biological drives, the topic of sexuality is rife with controversy, misunderstanding, moralizing, and stereotypes. It is my belief that the widespread availability of information about sexual matters help facilitate better communication in relationships. Progress can never be made in human affairs by the suppression or repression of information, or by spreading disinformation. In essence, sexuality should be celebrated to improve our sexual health and happiness.