Academic Paper Review
Stephen P. Robbins. (2005). Organizational Change and Stress Management, 546-580
Robbins begins the chapter with a strong discussion on the needs for the Organisational Change as such nature of workforce, technology, economic shocks, competition, social trends and world politics. With the current world multicultural environment, technical innovation, economic crises, global competitions, structural adjustments as part of social trends and with the unhealthy politics practice and understanding, all requires an organisation to change and develop ultimately. However, the author explains that in order for the Organisational to survive and to achieve the goal the changes, planned change should be structured precisely including
However, research finding was told that most of the organization has faced a big issue with their staff who are resisting to change. Due to this conflict, the author discusses on the advantage and disadvantage of hiring the outside consultant and considering local internal employee to conduct the planned change. Resistance to change can be reduced by performing few techniques; via education and communication, participation, facilitation and support, negotiation, manipulation and cooperation and coercion. However, as for the politic change, the author did suggest that the energy for change can be driven by the outside consultant or the new employees.
Robbins outlines two models of the change process; Lewin’s classic three step model of change processes and Kotter’s eight-step plan, action research, and organizational development. Robbins, referring to Lewin, discusses that there are three steps in performing the change model. 1. Unfreezing the current procedure from both individual and organization; 2. Moving to the new change and 3. Refreezing or stabilizing a change involvement. Unfreezing process or status quo can be considered as stability stage and to move from this current stage,
Stress is a dynamic condition in which an individual is confronted with an opportunity, constraint, or demand related to what their desires and for which the outcome is perceived for both uncertain and important. Robbins claimed that not all stress is negative and some may be a healthy stress as such, pressure of heavy workloads and tight datelined are the positive challenge that can enhance the quality and satisfaction of a job. Robbins, referring to A Model of Stress (exhibit 18-9) identified three sets of stress factors; environment, organisational and individual. Although Robbins confesses that such level of stress may be functional and may lead to higher employee’s performance, the employee 's perspective may be differ. An individual may not want to have any amount of stress in their life depending on how they manage their lifestyle. In this topic, Robbins believed that many people have a problem with their time management. He promotes a work life balance by making a daily to do list, actively prioritize based on importance and urgency, and knowing the daily set of the most demanding part in individual’s life. Apart from that, Robbins suggests that random physical activity and relaxation techniques can be among the popular activity to reduce the individual’s level of stress. From the other point of view, the organisation can be another source of
Leading Change was named the top management book of the year by Management General. There are three major sections in this book. The first section is ¡§the change of problem and its solution¡¨ ; which discusses why firms fail. The second one is ¡§the eight-stage process¡¨ that deals with methods of performing changes. Lastly, ¡§implications for the twenty-first century¡¨ is discussed as the conclusion. The eight stages of process are as followed: (1) Establishing a sense of urgency. (2) Creating the guiding coalition. (3) Developing a vision and a strategy. (4) Communicating the change of vision. (5) Empowering employees for broad-based action. (6) Generating short-term wins. (7) Consolidating gains and producing more changes. (8) Anchoring new approaches in the culture.
The three stages of the change theory model are unfreezing, change and refreezing (Petiprin, 2015). The unfreezing process is letting go of old information and introducing change. The method to achieve unfreezing “is to increase the driving forces that direct behavior away from the existing situation or status quo. Second, decrease the restraining forces that negatively
Graetz, F., & Smith, A. C. T. (June 2010). Managing organizational change: A philosophies of change approach. Journal of Change Management 10(2), 135–154.
Change usually comes with resistance in any workplace because change disrupts the employees’ sense of safety and control (Lewis, 2012). Kurt Lewin (1951) created a three step process for assisting employees with organizational Change (Lewis, 2012). The three stages are Unfreeze, Change and Refreeze. These are the steps to a smooth transition for change within organizations. Further, these steps are not possible without good communication from upper Management through line staff. Communication was consistently listed as an issue in surveys conducted by the department.
One of the change models of Organizational Development was created by Kurt Lewin. It includes three phases: unfreeze, move or change, and refreeze (Lewin, 1951, 1958). Lewin’s model recognizes the impormance of changing the people in organization and the role of top management involvement to overcome the resistance of change.
Three out of every four American workers describe their work as stressful. According to the Holmes-Rahe Life Events Scale, which rates levels of stress, many of the most stressful events in life are related to the workplace. Some examples are firings, business readjustments and changes in financial status, altered responsibilities, a switch to a different line of work, trouble with the boss, changes in work hours or conditions, retirement and vacations. Workplace stress costs American employers an estimated $200 billion per year in lower productivity, absenteeism, staff turnover, workers' compensation, medical insurance and other stress-related expenses. However, stress may not always be a bad thing. It can stimulate creativity and productivity. The natural pattern of human behavior is to experience a stress-causing event or situation, react to it with increased tension and then return to a normal, relaxed state. The problem occurs when stress is so overwhelming or constant that this pattern is broken. This overwhelming feeling is usually caused by some lack of communication.
Changing situations throughout the world affect all organizations in business today. Therefore, most organizations acknowledge the need to experience change and transformation in order to survive. The key challenges companies face are due to the advancements in technology, the social environment caused by globalization, the pace of competition, and the demands regarding customer expectations. It is difficult to overcome the obstacles involved with change despite all the articles, books, and publications devoted to the topic. People are naturally resistant to fundamental changes and often intimidated by the process; the old traditional patterns and methods are no longer effective.
The change process within any organization can prove to be difficult and very stressful, not only for the employees but also for the management team. Hayes (2014), highlights seven core activities that must take place in order for change to be effective: recognizing the need for change, diagnosing the change and formulating a future state, planning the desired change, implementing the strategies, sustaining the implemented change, managing all those involved and learning from the change. Individually, these steps are comprised of key actions and decisions that must be properly addressed in order to move on to the next step. This paper is going to examine how change managers manage the implementation of change and strategies used
Workplace stress and burnout is one of the leading problems in healthcare workers today. Stress is a mental or emotional strain or tension resulting from adverse or very demanding circumstances. Healthcare leaders today have to meet so many demanding needs and responsibilities. We ask why does stress and burnout play such an important role in today’s society. There are many reasons why it plays an important role in our everyday work and life. There have been studies on ways to detect, prevent, and decrease stress and burnout.
One of the first scholars to describe the process of organizational change was Lewin (1974). He described change as a three-stage process that consists of unfreezing, moving and freezing stage. During the unfreezing stage the organizations become motivated to change by some event or objective. The moving stage is like implementation when the organization actually makes the necessary change. Furthermore the freezing stage is reached when the change becomes permanent. Organizational change has also...
Organisational change can cause stress for employees at all levels of an organisation, one of the main causes of increased employee stress during organisational change is employees’ perception of organisational change as a threat; many employees feel that there may be a threat to their job security, their status, or their ability to achieve if the conditions of their work are altered (Dahl, 2011). Employees may face changes in their written contracts and also in their implicit psychological contracts during organisational change, the change to these unwritten contracts can result in increased stress due to feelings of anger or betrayal by employees as they feel that they no longer know what to expect from their employer (Robinson & Rousseau, 1994). In addition, if employees do not feel that the organisation acts in a fair and just way they are more likely to
The transformation means the implementation of new technology, outsourcing and also the efficiency of process. Most of the leaders are very passionate in preventing incompetence and waste to be happen in the organization yet they are neglecting the power of transformation (Filippone, Youden, Pennington, & Fersht, 2012). According to Schroeder (2013), the transformation will focus on the changes which related to the cultural and people. Transformations also focus on the changes in an aspect of systems and strategic.
The world is constantly changing in many different ways. Whether it is technological or cultural change is present and inevitable. Organizations are not exempt from change. As a matter of fact, organizations have to change with the world and society in order to be successful. Organizations have to constantly incorporate change in order to have a competitive advantage and satisfy their customers. Organizations use change in order to learn and grow. However, change is not something that can happen in an organization overnight. It has to be thought through and planned. The General Model of Planned Change focuses on what processes are used by the organization to implement change. In the General Model of Planned Change, four steps are used in order to complete the process of change. Entering and Contracting, Diagnosing, Planning and Implementing, and Evaluating and Institutionalizing are the four steps used in order to complete the process of change in an organization. The diagnostic process is one of the most important activities in OD(Cummings, 2009, p. 30).
Stress is something that everyone has to deal with in life, whether it is good or bad stress. Stress management techniques are a great way to deal with stress. Some of the stress management techniques that I learned from this course are prioritization, scheduling, and execution. Using these techniques has effectively helped me deal with my own stress. When it comes to dealing with stress I still have many strengths and weaknesses that I will explain. Some stressors I have in my life that I will discuss are psychointrapersonal, social, life events, and daily hassles. Next, I will give my opinion on my post-course survey, and compare and contrast it to my pre-course survey scores. Finally, I will explain my last goals for this stress management course.
The Blackpool Hospital was able to find a successful way to reduce stress within the company, but it is important to remember that not all companies are the same nor is stress the same for individuals. Stress is individualized and there is not one right way of reducing the stress for an individual. Recognizing the main factors of stress and finding the best-fit solution will help to reduce the amount of stress in the workplace and will help to decrease the amount of health issues that are related to stress in the workplace such as headaches, aching muscles, and exhaustion.