This essay discusses the life and work of 19th century chromolithographer Louis Prang, hailed as the greatest of American chromolithograph publishers. In it, I shall firstly introduce Louis Prang. Then I shall describe the graphic form which became known as chromolithography, after which I will have a look at Louis Prang’s setting; his competitors and associates. After this I will focus on some examples of his work and the methods he used to produce them. Lastly I will summarize his contribution to the world of art and graphic design in particular.
Louis Prang was born in Germany in Breslau (present day Poland) in 1824. He learnt the fundamentals of printing in his father’s fabric printing shop. In 1850, when Prang was twenty- six years old he immigrated to America and settled in Boston. He formed a chromolithographic firm with Julius Mayer in 1856 in which, initially, Julius Mayer printed the stones produced by Prang. Prang’s colourful work was very popular and the firm grew rapidly. In 1860 Prang bought Mayer’s share in the company and changed its name to L. Prang and Company. Prang’s company became a major lithographic firm and a benchmark of the era.
A Lithograph was produced by firstly drawing the image on a flat stone surface in an oil based medium, the stone is then moistened with water which is repelled by the oil the surface is then inked with an oil based ink which is unable to adhere to the wet surface. A Chromolithograph is a coloured picture produced by making and superimposing multiple lithographic prints, each of which adds a different colour. The process of colour lithography was first experimented with in the early 1800s by Aloys Senefelder the inventor of lithography, while ‘chromolithography’ was patented in 1837 by a French printer Godefroy Engelmann.
When Prang set up shop in Boston there were already several lithographic firms in operation one such firm which provided a source of inspiration as well as competition was Bufford and later his sons also. Bufford often used five or more colours in his work; he laid his colour prints down before printing a final layer of black which assembled his image, for an example of his work see ‘the Swedish song quartet’. Bufford's firm’s quality steadily declined after 1870, after Bufford’s death, and finally folded in 1890. Bufford's firm was then only in competition with Prang’s during Prang’s first years of operation.
"History of Art: History of Photography." History of Art: History of Photography. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 May 2014. .
Roscoe Misselhorn was born in 1902 and as he grew up he drew sketches that became known to thousands of people in the area (Mitchell 154.). In his school years he did two years of mechanical drawing and illustrations for a school yearbook (Mitchell 154.) Soon after he dropped out of his high school he worked for a clothes store in Sparta (Mitchell 154.). Frustrated with his job in Sparta he moved to Chicago to join an Art Institute (Mitchell 154.). In 1924 Roscoe was married to Ruth Tritt, a teacher (“Roscoe” para.4). He attended St. Louis School of Fine Arts for three years (“Roscoe” para.4). The classes Roscoe took helped him to improve his cartooning skills (“Roscoe” para.4). Roscoe was a cartoonist for a newspaper company and was paid five dollars a week to make cartoons for 3,000 newspapers (“Roscoe” para.5). After that Ruth lost her teaching job (“Roscoe” para.5). Roscoe made the money by his art until Ruth opened a shop(“Roscoe” para.5). Roscoe always does his artwork in pencil and never does it in pen (Mitchell 154.). In 1940 he tried a new technique to have pencil hardness used on a sketch board made out of slick masonite (Mitchell 154.). Mi...
Louis Riel played a big role in Canada and was fighting for the rights of Metis. He was captured and executed by Canadian authorities in November 16, 1885 in Regina. Louis Riel did not receive a fair trial due that he was fighting for the rights of the Metis and people. It was inappropriate to accuse Riel as a traitor. He tried to defend the traditional right of Metis and equal people and dedicated his life to help others like Metis, Native Indians and Western settlers. He gained a lot of respect and was a good leader. Riel was a person who stepped up and was not afraid to tell the government what they needed. He tried to succeed through peaceful methods and bring change into the Canadian government. However, he did not want to take over Canada or start a revolution against Quebec. The Canadian government did not see this and went against him and charged him as a traitor. At this point, English speaking men were against Riel’s beliefs. When Louis Riel tried to get Metis rights and make them equal but the English people did not want to this change and thought that this was obligating treason. Treason expresses someone that is overthrowing the government in power. Many thoughts came up upon the government whether to hang Louis Riel or not. Quebec was concerned that if Riel would be hanged, they would upset the Conservative Party and if they kept him alive, Ontario would be enraged. Many members of the Canadian government believed that Riel was an insane and not responsible but he did not refuse to give up. His plan was equal everyone out and to devise of Canada with many races, such as Catholic and Protestant. Many people respected him and were confident in him. Louis Riel was not a traitor in Canada and did not receive a fair tria...
“Renoir’s particular ambition was to paint works in joyful hues from which all trace of narrative is excluded” 1, quotes Jean LeyMarie author of Renoir; And truer words about Renoir’s work can not be spoken. Pierre-Auguste Renoir was a French born painter whose collaborations with other notable artists, among them Manet, Delacroix, and Monet 2, helped to influence and shape the budding Impressionist movement. The renowned painter began his humble upbringing in Limoges, France in 1841; The son of a tailor, his parents found him work with a porcelain decorator, which was the beginning of his lengthy career as an artist, and perhaps were his passion for translucent and luscious colors were established 3. While Renoir is well known for his paintings of women, couples, and various other human subjects, his work on flowers is equally as impressive. The work this essay will discuss is the painting Chrysanthemums, painted in 1881-82. Currently located in the Ryerson Collection in Gallery 201 of the Art Institute of Chicago.
University of Virginia, VA: National Art Education Association, 1992. Print. Gilbert, Jonathan P and Rachel Mills. Michelin Green Guide California.7 ed.
Judge proves to be a noble man and I think the choice he made was the
This is reminiscent of French Neoclassical comedy of manners which displayed portions of society with horrible manners and all around bad behavior. This is seen in the performance through the actions of the lovers towards one another. In one scene, one of the women hikes up her dress and chases the other around the stage in a ridiculous fashion. This is disgraceful decorum, another satirical element of French Neoclassical comedy.
The media object selected for analysis is the Daguerreotype. Louis-Jacques-Mande Daguerre (1787-1851), a Romantic painter and printmaker, had introduced the Daguerreotype on 7th January 1839 and would forever change the perspectives of the visual experience through photography (Daniel, 2004). Ever since the advent of the Daguerreotype, people were able to view a detailed imprinting of a certain visual frame on a treated sheet of copper (which today is called the film) (Daniel, 2004).
For years, females have used their sexuality for empowerment. In the fairy tale “The company of Wolves” by Angela Carter uses her sexuality to keep her alive. Then in the story “Yellow Woman” by Leslie Silko her sexuality is her excuse for disappearing. Both story talks about sexuality, but how they empower the situation is different. Which story shows sexuality for empowerment better?
Throughout the mid-eighteen hundreds, the Metis and First Nations people saw a lot of changes due to the increased numbers of White settlements. Throughout their struggles, one Metis man stood up in defense of his people and land. This is a story of the life of Louis Riel, the man who changed it all. His background, his roots, his history.
In this essay, I shall try to examine how great a role colour played in the evolution of Impressionism. Impressionism in itself can be seen as a linkage in a long chain of procedures, which led the art to the point it is today. In order to do so, colour in Impressionism needs to be placed within an art-historical context for us to see more clearly the role it has played in the evolution of modern painting. In the late eighteenth century, for example, ancient Greek and Roman examples provided the classical sources in art. At the same time, there was a revolt against the formalism of Neo-Classicism. The accepted style was characterised by appeal to reason and intellect, with a demand for a well-disciplined order and restraint in the work. The decisive Romantic movement emphasized the individual’s right in self-expression, in which imagination and emotion were given free reign and stressed colour rather than line; colour can be seen as the expression for emotion, whereas line is the expression of rationality. Their style was painterly rather than linear; colour offered a freedom that line denied. Among the Romanticists who had a strong influence on Impressionism were Joseph Mallord William Turner and Eugéne Delacroix. In Turner’s works, colour took precedence over the realistic portrayal of form; Delacroix led the way for the Impressionists to use unmixed hues. The transition between Romanticism and Impressionism was provided by a small group of artists who lived and worked at the village of Barbizon. Their naturalistic style was based entirely on their observation and painting of nature in the open air. In their natural landscape subjects, they paid careful attention to the colourful expression of light and atmosphere. For them, colour was as important as composition, and this visual approach, with its appeal to emotion, gradually displaced the more studied and forma, with its appeal to reason.
The idea for photographing came around in 1814 when Joseph Niépce wanted an image of his son before he left for war. He succeeded in making the first camera in 1827, but the camera needed at least eight hours to produce one picture. Parisian Louis Daguerre invented the next kind of camera in 1839, who worked with Niépce for four years. His camera only needed fifteen to thirty minutes to produce a picture. Both Niécpe’s and Daguerre’s cameras made pictues on metal plates. In the same year Daguerre made his camera, an Englishman by the name of William Henry Fox Talbot made the first camera that photographed pictures on paper. The camera printed a reverse picture onto a negative and chemicals were needed to produce the photo up right. In 1861, color film came along and pictures were produced with color instead of being just black and white. James Clerk Maxwell is credited with coming up with color film, after he took the ...
When communities encourage competitiveness and assertiveness out of women, it may consequently give women the upper hand in the argument culture. This environment is shown in the article “Be Angry” written by Claudia Rankine, a professor and a poet, about Serena Williams and her story of overcoming problems that Williams faced as a minority. Serena Williams is a professional tennis player who was surrounded by other women that are either helping her improve or competing against her. This type of environment leads to Williams becoming more aggressive, but because of her race she is called a “angry nigger exterior” for arguing back to the referee for a call that was unjust (Rankine). Then when Caroline Wozniacki comes along, she acquired Williams “attributes while leaving her “angry nigger exterior” behind” (Rankine). From this, we can see that these two athletes were able to fight back because their environment did not suppress them to be passive or submissive. Wozniacki even got the title best female tennis player of all time because of it. This has also been theorized by Yaling Deng and other scholars in the article “Gender Differences in Emotional Response: Inconsistency between Experience and Expressivity” and they said, “With the development of society, increasingly more women participate in social competition. Such social changes may affect the development of social gender roles, thereby affecting emotional responses” (Deng 10). The environment alters the emotional response that may occur, therefore proving that in an environment where males are encouraged to be more assertive and aggressive, they would give the males the upper hand. While in an environment where females are the ones who are encouraged to be assertive and aggressive in a competitive
It is well known that in the past, Renaissance artists received their training in an atmosphere of artists and mathematicians studying and learning together (Emmer 2). People also suggest that the art of the future will depend on new technologies, computer graphics in particular (Emmer 1). There are many mathematical advantages to using computer graphics. They can help to visualize phenomena and to understand how to solve new problems (Emmer 2). “The use of ‘visual computers’ gives rise to new challenges for mathematicians. At the same time, computer graphics might in the future be the unifying language between art and science” (Emmer 3).
Perhaps even more important is the fact that action research helps educators be more effective at what they care most about—their teaching and the development of their students. Seeing students grow is probably the greatest joy educators can experience. When teachers have convincing evidence that their work has made a real difference in their students ' lives, the countless hours and endless efforts of teaching seem worthwhile.