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The pathophysiology of kidney failure
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People spend hours going to dialysis, doctor offices, and making sure all medications are took. “Coping with kidney failure is not just about managing the physical symptoms with treatment. It’s a major life change that can cause a great deal of stress and can give rise to a range of emotional reactions.” Different people react in various ways. Theres a pattern to the way that most people react. Some examples of emotional reactions are depression, stress, anxiety, and sexual problems. People may feel miserable because they are having difficulty coming to terms with some of the changes their conditions are striking against them. All human beings find change stressful. As a person with kidney failure they will have to handle more change than most people. It’s not just the change of their lifestyle, but the ongoing change dealing with adjustments of their diets, medications, and forms of treatment. There are plenty of ways kidney failures people can deal with stress such as, talking to someone who understands, doing fun activities, relaxing, or even taking short breaks. “Specific anxieties that renal patients may have are worries about how the illness will affect their relationship, their ability to work, their quality of life, and about understanding their conditions or managing their treatment.” Reasons for sexual problems include hormonal problems, medication, tiredness, emotional factors, and relationship difficulties.When on dialysis you will need to choose foods that give you the right amount of protein, calories, and minerals. When eating that it will help you stay healthy and fit and it also help your kidney disease from getting worse. There are five stages of kidney disease; their doctor determines thei...
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...patient without help. Most common problems with peritoneal dialysis is peritonitis, a serious abdominal infection. This happens if the opening where the catheter enters the body and becomes infected or if contamination occurs as the catheter is attached or not attached from the bags. A peritoneal dialysis diet is a little different from an in center hemodialysis diet. People need to still limit salt and liquids, but may be able to have more of each compared with hemodialysis, must eat additional protein, may need to eat high-potassium foods, and may need to cut back on the number of calories they eat because there are calories in the dialysis fluids that may cause them to gain weight. Hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis are treatments that help change the work the kidneys did. These treatments help them feel good and live longer, but they don't cure kidney failure.
Hemodialysis is the process of blood that is transported outside the body to a dialysis machine where it is cleaned of waste products and returned to the circulatory system. It is a lifetime requirement. As a result, of the repeated and life-long needle puncture of the involved blood vessels, thick scar tissue eventually develops which makes the procedure difficult and painful. To avoid this complication, a surgical procedure known as an arteriovenous fistula is performed. It produces a large vein that can be entered safely and easily with large needles for the three times a week procedure. New techniques are intended to improve the efficiency of dialysis and thereby increases life expectancy, as 20% of people with end-stage renal disease die annually. Peritoneal Dialysis. Peritoneum is the lining of the abdominal cavity. The tissue has the properties of a semi-permeable membrane, allowing the process of diffusion to take place in abdominal cavity. An incision is made through the anterior abdominal muscle wall; through this opening, a tube (catheter) is inserted into the abdominal space. Sterile dialysate (a solution to clear waste products) is introduced and allowed to remain in the cavity four to six hours or overnight. During this time, through the process of diffusion, impurities pass through the peritoneum into the dialysate. The dialysate and its collected impurities are then eliminated from the body. Kidney transplantation when possible, is the best alternative for end stage renal disease. Often, the body rejects the kidney and when this occurs the recipient must undergo a medication regimen to suppress the immune system. Relatives are recommended to donate their liver so that the body has a smaller chance to reject the kidney. I comparison with dialysis kidney transplantation has advantages that positively affect the person’s medical and vocational rehabilitation potential. The person with the
Positive coaching strategies advance problem accomplishment. Dialysis coaching for End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) patients is my daily work. I describe chronic disease coaching as helping ESRD communities gain quality of life, skills, tools, knowledge, and become confident in their care every day to reaches self-identified goal. I coach new dialysis patient(DW) who has fluid overload above 4 kilograms every treatment, diabetes, hyperphosphatemia, and hyperkalemia. He is confused about his ESRD diagnosis and chronic dialysis treatment prescriptions.
Hemodialysis works by connecting a patient to a machine that filters and removes the body of waste products through a dialyzer. Treatment complications can arise, such as post-dialysis hypotension and muscle cramping which places patients at risk for falls (Hain, 2012). Co-morbid conditions such as dementia, Parkinson’s disease, osteoporosis, diabetic neuropathy, or urinary incontinence can also put a patient at even greater risk (Hain, 2012). Frailty in patients can also be used as a predictive risk factor. A study (McAdams-Demarcol et al., 2013) reported that frailty can contribute to a higher risk for hospitalization and death for patients undergoing hemodialysis. According to McAdams-DeMarco1 et al. (2013), “one in seven patients undergoing chronic hemodialysis suffers a major bone fracture after a fall” (pg. 1).
Peritoneal dialysis is an alternative to hemodialysis that allows patients with kidney disease the ability to be flexible and maintain a high quality of life, while receiving dialysis. Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD), intermittent peritoneal dialysis (IPD), and continuous cycling peritoneal dialysis (CCPD) are some of the options available to these patients and although they are all different they operate on the same premise. A permanent, indwelling catheter will be inserted into the peritoneum and using aseptic technique, the indwelling catheter is hooked up to a large bag of dialysate. The fluid is then infused into the peritoneal cavity either by machine or by gravity. Through diffusion and osmosis extra fluid and waste products enter the dialysate fluid and are removed from the body when the fluid is drained. The process involves a specific fill, dwell and drain time which altogether equals one exchange. The choice of fluid type, treatment, and exchange time are based on the specific needs of the patient (Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins, 2014). In order to be able to utilize this type of dialysis a patient must not have extensive abdominal adhesions, or multiple abdominal surgeries, and they must not have a cognitive deficit that would impair their ability to carry out the set procedures necessary to safely perform the treatment (Mendelssohn, et al., 2009). There are many benefits to this method of dialysis, but there are also several serious risks involved such as peritonitis, severe protein loss, fluid volume overload, catheter site infections and abdominal hernias. A patient may not be able to completely avoid complications, but they can significantly reduce their risk with proper education and utilization...
After further multidisciplinary team meetings with the involvement of John the treatment option of automated peritoneal dialysis was implemented (NSF 2004). Once the Tenchkoff catheter had been inserted, education and training completed John was ready for discharge home.
Quinan, P. (2007). Control and coping for individuals with end stage renal disease on hemodialysis: A position paper. CANNT Journal, 17(3), 77-84.
This article describes the choices for treatment: hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis, and kidney transplantation. It gives the pros and cons of each. It also discusses diet and paying for treatment. It gives tips for working with your doctor, nurses, and others who make up your health care team. It provides a list of groups that offer information and services to kidney patients. It also lists magazines, books, and brochures that you can read for more information about treatment.
The article has been well organized and written. Mackay clearly states her rationale for writing the article and provides a valid reason to hold up her article with sources. Within the introduction section, the authors present worrying statistics of Americans affected by kidney disorders. Moreover, the author provides the disadvantages of dialysis with only Kidney transplantation being the only option. The author relates the topic to the readers...
Hemodialysis and Peritoneal Dialysis To the majority of Americans, dialysis is a confusing process that they will hopefully never have to endure, but for hundreds of thousands of people, it is a daily fact of life. According to US News and World Report, “In the United States, almost 400,000 people undergo dialysis every year.” (Gordon, 2012, para. 4)
“Polycystic Kidney Disease is a genetic disorder in which abnormal cysts develop and grow in the kidneys. Cystic disorders can express themselves at any point, infancy, childhood, or adulthood.”“PKD does not cause any signs or symptoms until cysts are half an inch or larger. Common symptoms are pain in the back and sides - between the ribs and hips - and headaches. The pain can be temporary or persistent, mild or severe. Hematuria - blood in the urine - may also be a sign of autosomal dominant PKD.”“Cysts grow in a person’s kidney, which can lead to kidney failure. A healthy kidney filters out toxins in the blood and eliminates them from the body in the form of urine. In autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), there are at least
Hemodialysis is a procedure where a machine acts like the kidneys, filtering the blood from the wastes and toxins that build up in the bloodstream. Hemodialysis can be used to treat cats with chronic kidney disease or to remove a poison with a cat from acute kidney disease. Unfortunately, dialysis is only available at certain veterinary hospitals in the United States and can be extremely
During the Great Depression, while the competitors were cutting costs and reusing outdated designs, Kress was expanding and building more elaborate stores than their previous ones. The architecture was referred to as an “emporium” evoking an elegant atmosphere more suited to a fine cloth or furniture store in New York rather than the five & dime stores dotting small town America. Many wonder what the driving force was behind these design decisions, especially during a national time of economic recession. Perhaps simply to outpace the competition, but perhaps more importantly Samuel Kress was an avid art collector and a proponent of public art enhancing a community. In this way the Kress legacy of the brand became more than a retail business, it became a symbol of small town civic pride.
Studies have justified dialysis patients are likely to be depressed. According to Andrade, depression is characterized as one of the most assessed psychological aspects regarding studies on patients with renal failure. This paper will address the prevalence of depression among dialysis patients, the effects it has on quality of life, and finally the role of social worker intervention and management of depression in dialysis patients.
With many causes of organ failure that led to a death sentence a long-term treatment needed to be found. In December 1954, the first organ was transplanted from living donor to living recipient, who was between twin siblings, was to be the next direction of treatment. With the invention of an immunosuppressant cyclosporine, the cure was thought to have been found for organ failure. It would have been the answer to the organ failure until the procurement laws were not able to keep up with the need for organs, which formed a list of patients called the United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS). The scientist and physicians went back to the drawing board to come up with bioengineered organs with the used of stem cell on matrices. Multiple biometrics are being used for the bioengineered organs. Introduction At a point in history, any type of organ failure was a death sentence. Many causes lead to an organ failure, whether it is from congenital causes, abuse, or illness it is an unfortunate circumstance. This was the case until December 23, 1954 when the first live organ transplant was performed in the United States, which was from a living donor to living recipient. The first transplant ever conducted was on an individual that needed a kidney, which was conducted using identical twins (Kaserman Ph.D, 2007). The new technology lead to a completely new list of trails in the organ transplantation field that would lead to a huge change in the future of medicine, and that of the individuals that need the lifesaving procedures. These trails became easier in 1983 with the invention of immunosuppressant called cyclosporine, which allow for cadaveric organ donation (Kaserman Ph.D, 2007). Unfortunately, the law for organ procurement could not kee...
Chronic Kidney Disease. Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research, 2014. Web. 20 May 2014.