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The historical contribution of thomas jefferson
The historical contribution of thomas jefferson
The impact of Thomas Jefferson
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The Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions
The Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions were authored in secret by Thomas Jefferson and James Madison in response to the repressive Alien and Sedition Acts passed in 1798. In the opinion of Jefferson and Madison, the Acts were unjust. They also represented a major victory for the Federalists. By writing the Resolutions, Jefferson and Madison spearheaded the protests of those against the Alien and Sedition Acts and those in support of stronger states’ rights. Although the Resolutions were successful in the two originating states, they did not have much success in the other states. Still, the new ideas presented in the Resolutions were almost revolutionary. Although the Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions of 1798 and 1799 were not very successful, they were important because they provided necessary arguments for the supporters of greater states’ rights against the proponents of a stronger central government.
The Alien and Sedition Acts played major roles in the coming about of the Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions. Passed in early 1798, the Acts laid down a number of harsh restrictions on foreigners. The Alien Act stretched the minimum years for eligibility for naturalization from five years to fourteen years. It also gave the President the power to expel any alien from the country. The Sedition Act was even harsher; it gave the government the right to arrest anyone accused of seditious activities. The Sedition Act thus cracked down on many Jeffersonian newspapers which criticized the government. Of course, Jefferson criticized these Acts; he even called them “worthy of the 8th and 9th century” (2 / p.174). With these laws the Federalists were thought to be stifling the power of the Jeffersonians.
Through the Alien and Sedition Acts, those in support of a stronger federal government achieved a major victory. The Acts gave new powers which were not dictated in the Constitution to both the executive and legislative branches. The Federalists were able to pass these acts with their logic based upon loose translations of the Constitution, especially the “elastic clause.” In peacetime, these Acts would not have had a chance in being passed, but the undeclared war with France had riled up Congress enough to accept these loose translations.
The opponents of the Alien and Sedition Acts were led by Jefferson and Madison; in response to the Acts the Republicans launched an attack on what they believed were breaches of the Constitution. The attack on the Alien and Sedition Acts was based upon the “strict construction theory” of the Republicans.
Shootings at Kent State University What happened at Kent State University? This is a question that many Americans were asking following the crisis on the Kent campus. In the days preceding May 4, 1970, protests, disruption, and violence erupted on the university grounds. These acts were the students’ reaction to President Nixon’s invasion of Cambodia.
This report will explore the structure and function of skeletal muscle within the human body. There are three muscle classifications: smooth (looks smooth), cardiac (looks striated) and skeletal (looks striated). Smooth muscle is found within blood vessels, the gut and the intestines; it assists the movement of substances by contracting and relaxing, this is an involuntary effort. The heart is composed of cardiac muscle, which contracts rhythmically nonstop for the entire duration of a person’s life and again is an involuntary movement of the body. The main focus of this report is on skeletal muscle and the movement produced which is inflicted by conscious thought unless there is a potentially harmful stimulus and then reaction is due to reflex, as the body naturally wants to protect itself. Skeletal muscle is found attached to bones and when they contract and relax they produce movement, there is a specific process that the muscle fibers go through to allow this to occur.
Muscle is a very specialized tissue that has both the ability to contract and the ability to conduct electrical impulses. Muscle fiber generates tension through the action of actin and myosin cross-bridge cycling. The muscle may shorten, lengthen or remain the same under tension. Skeletal muscle has an impressive ability to regenerate itself, which it does on a daily basis as well as in response to injury [1].
Political unrest within the advocating for Nullification virtually declares the United States Constitution nonexistent. To propel, and support secession is radical and creates separate entities trying to coexist amongst each other while avoiding the issue. In the matters of the government, constitutional propriety should be enforced and upheld with the upmost respect. However, when the driving force behind promoting constitutional propriety has a hidden agenda that is repugnant in nature then there is bound to be disputes. The Nullification Crisis was a result of the Tariff of 1828 and the Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions were the result of the Alien and Sedition Acts. The similarities between the Alien and Sedition Acts and the Tariff of 1828, is that both on the surface, seemingly were actions implemented by Congress because of war. These parallel actions also were induced by political parties seizing an opportunity to publically discredit, embarrass, and fluster the opposing party. Much like today, of one political party attempting to dominate Congress, the passing of the Alien and Sedition Acts by the Federalist controlled congress was an attempt to weaken the Jeffersonian Republicans. The passing of the Tariff of 1828 was to economically protect industries in the north, which weaken the southern states. This further aggravated the intensely growing animosity between the Northern and Southern States. Unilaterally, the Tariff of 1828 favored the northern industries and caused the southern states especially South Carolina to pay higher prices on goods that they were unable to produce.
Beowulf is one of the most iconic and influential heroic journeys of all time. Beowulf, son of Ecgtheow, is a Geat and like no other warrior ever seen before. He is the strongest man alive. He has the strength of thirty men in his arm alone. When Beowulf was only a boy, he had battles with his friends and swam for miles with his sword in his hand and armor on the rest of his body. When he battles Grendel's mother, it is said that Beowulf is underwater for nearly half a day. Aside from being a great warrior, he is also very smart and modest about his strength. When Beowulf arrives in Heorot, he is confronted with opposition. The king, Hrothgar allows Beowulf to fight because has known Beowulf's father, Ecgtheow, and Hrothgar saved him from
The Sedition Act essentially said that it was illegal to speak, write, or print any scandalous or malicious statements about the president. This law was seen as the most unconstitutional of the four laws passed in the Alien and Sedition Acts that were passed during the administration of President John Adams. These laws were ideally used to limit the power of any opposition to the Federalist party. In addition, Jefferson also had Congress repeal the Alien Acts which were a series of acts passed in preparation for the possibility of war with France. Jefferson also reduced the size of the military. With this reduction, Jefferson slashed the size of both the army and the navy but immediately had to rebuilt it due to the First Barbary War. He also wanted to reduce power of the Bank of US so he created state banks which would do that. Jefferson additionally removed the whiskey tax and significantly lowered or removed other taxes. The whiskey tax taxed all liquor made and sold in the US to combat the federal government's debt. This angered many farmers because they would lose money as less people will buy whiskey which is made from the corn they
By the late eighteenth century, America found itself independent from England; which was a welcomed change, but also brought with it, its own set of challenges. The newly formed National Government was acting under the Articles of Confederation, which established a “firm league of friendship” between the states, but did not give adequate power to run the country. To ensure the young nation could continue independently, Congress called for a Federal Convention to convene in Philadelphia to address the deficiencies in the Articles of Confederation. While the Congress only authorized the convention to revise and amend the Articles the delegates quickly set out to develop a whole new Constitution for the country. Unlike the Articles of Confederation, the new Constitution called for a national Executive, which was strongly debated by the delegates. There were forces on both sides of the issue trying to shape the office to meet their ideology. The Federalists, who sought a strong central government, favored a strong National Executive which they believed would ensure the country’s safety from both internal and external threats. The Anti Federalists preferred to have more power in the hands of the states, and therefore tried to weaken the national Executive. Throughout the convention and even after, during the ratification debates, there was a fear, by some, that the newly created office of the president would be too powerful and lean too much toward monarchy.
First, let's talk about what muscles are made of. Muscles contain muscle fibers, which are the building blocks of the muscle. In turn, muscle fibers are made of muscle cells.Then,if we zoom into the muscle cells you can see myofibrils, which help the cell keep itself up and move around when it’s needed. If you zoom in even further, you can see sarcomeres, which are made up of actin and myosin, 2 proteins that make the cell move.
During the construction of the new Constitution, many of the most prominent and experienced political members of America’s society provided a framework on the future of the new country; they had in mind, because of the failures of the Articles of Confederation, a new kind of government where the national or Federal government would be the sovereign power, not the states. Because of the increased power of the national government over the individual states, many Americans feared it would hinder their ability to exercise their individual freedoms. Assuring the people, both Alexander Hamilton and James Madison insisted the new government under the constitution was “an expression of freedom, not its enemy,” declaring “the Constitution made political tyranny almost impossible.” (Foner, pg. 227) The checks and balances introduced under the new and more powerful national government would not allow the tyranny caused by a king under the Parliament system in Britain. They insisted that in order achieve a greater amount of freedom, a national government was needed to avoid the civil unrest during the system under the Articles of Confederation. Claiming that the new national government would be a “perfect balance between liberty and power,” it would avoid the disruption that liberty [civil unrest] and power [king’s abuse of power in England] caused. The “lackluster leadership” of the critics of the new constitution claimed that a large land area such as America could not work for such a diverse nation.
I believe that these acts had revealed bitter consequences that had developed since the writing of the Constitution. The writers knew that over time it will change, but not specifically delegating powers to specific organizations; whether it is federal, state, or with the people. It had involuntarily created a major problem within the following years. Overall, the nation and government was very inexperienced, and did not know what to expect with the future. These acts had ultimately contradicted the U.S. Constitution and opened the underlying issue that was happening.
When the Alien and Sedition Acts were passed, the country was not united in the decision. As Thomas Jefferson said, “The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution are reserved to the states or to the people.” This act that was passed violated the principles of the Constitution. Therefore, the act could not be put into action.
Roxane Gay, an American feminist writer and author of “My Body is Wildly Undisciplined” writes about a reality television show of people making sacrifices to reduce their body weight. Roxane Gay is successful in persuading her audience due to the evidence and persuasive personal anecdotes. Roxane focuses on “The Biggest Loser” too much in her article. She uses many examples to explain her argument which were “The Biggest Loser” and “Weight Watchers”, and herself. Roxane understands the tension between desire and denial, between self-comfort and self-care. She only talks about the issues that may have a negative effect of these television shows to persuasive her audience to agree with her. For an example, she uses “The Biggest Loser” to confirm her opinion to explain to her audience that harming your body to feel better is not okay at all. There are other suggestions to reduce your body weight, instead of harming your body. Additional, she gives vivid description on how she felt which made a connection between the author and her audience. The summary of the overall text was satisfying because her audience had better understanding on how she
Silver electrodes were used to record the e.m.g of the soleus muscle and tibialis anterior, and stimulate the tibial nerve below the popliteal fossa. The use of the electrodes to stimulate the tibial whilst walking and running was found to be problematic, this is because the nerves distance from the electrode was continually changing, therefore altering the stimulus strength. This was eradicated by repetition at different intensities and use of the M-wave, allowing comparison of similar stimulus intensities through the locomotion
“The human body contains 640 different muscles” each one performing a specific function. Whole muscle contributes to “40 – 50% of our body weight” (Srivastava & Chosdol, 2007). “The muscular system consists of highly specialized cells called muscle fibers” (Srivastava & Chosdol, 2007). The features of each muscle fiber define the strength with which it contracts and the specific function it does.
The contraction of a muscle is a complex process, requiring several molecules including ATP and Cl-, and certain regulatory mechanisms [1]. Myosin is motor protein that converts chemical bond energy from ATP into mechanical energy of motion [1]. Muscle contraction is also regulated by the amount of action potentials that the muscle receives [2]. A greater number of actions potentials are required to elicit more muscles fibers to contract thus increasing the contraction strength [2]. Studied indicate that the larger motor units, which were recruited at higher threshold forces, tended to have shorter contraction times than the smaller units [3]. The aims of the experiment were to reinforce the concept that many chemicals are required for skeletal muscle contraction to occur by using the rabbit muscle (Lepus curpaeums) [2]. In addition, the experiment was an opportunity to measure the strength of contraction and to observe the number of motor units that need to be recruited to maintain a constant force as the muscles begin to fatigue [2]. Hypothetically, the rabbit muscle fiber should contract most with ATP and salt solution; and the amount of motor units involved would increase with a decreasing level of force applied until fatigue stage is reached.