Question 1: The Jicarilla Apache tribe is located in the central northern part of New Mexico in the United States. This has been the primary region of the tribe for many centuries, but it has dwindled due to the expansion of Spanish, and then American settlements throughout northern New Mexico. In many ways, some of the ancient lands of the Jicarilla Apache are still inhabited. The tribe stills lives on these lands in the 21st century. Question 2: Yes, the Spanish forcibly removed the Jicarilla Apache tribes from their ancestral lands in the 1700s, and furthermore, more land was taken due to the increasing expansionist policies of the American government throughout the 19th and 20th centuries. The policies of Manifest Destiny and the Indian Wars were a major part of the violent actions taken by the American government to remove the Jicarilla Apache from their ancestral lands. The Ollero and Llanero bands lost battles with the American 1st Cavalry at the Battle of Cieneguilla in 1854, which resulted in vast amounts of land being taken by the U.S. federal government. In one instance, Lt. John W. Davidson lost a pitched battle with the Jicarilla Apache, but then exaggerated the aftermath of this attack to promote more violent military measures: “His inflated and inaccurate report of the …show more content…
However, the federal government often exploited the Jicarilla Apache’s natural resources by taking oil, and other natural resources without seeking consent. The federal government then financially repaid ($9.15 million) the Jicarilla Apache tribe for these stolen natural resources in the early 1970s. These legal aspects of the Jicarilla Apache tribe define the somewhat ambiguous aspects of ownership and land rights, which have historically been a barrier to tribal sovereignty throughout the 20th
Both conversion of the Native Americans and Native Americans being pressed in to slavery were practiced in the Spanish colonies extending into the areas that will one day be called, New Mexico, Texas, Arizona, and California. The most dominant nation in these regions were the Pueblo Indians. In order to control the Pueblos, the Spanish made the once free people live in peasant communities, forts and missions so they could keep a close eye on them. Oppressing these proud people gave cause to resistance by the Pueblos. An influential Pueblo leader known as El Pope rose up to lead his people from oppression.
The land of the Native Indians had been encroached upon by American settlers. By the
On the east coast people were also being taken advantage of by the government. As a result of the building of the Transcontinental Railroad, the government began giving out land grants ‒through the Homestead Act of 1862‒ for Americans to live on and farm; the only problem was that another culture was already living on the land: the Sioux Nation. After the S...
The Tar Creek mining site was originally owned by a Native American tribe, the Quapaw. The Quapaw wanted to keep these lands, but the Bureau of Indian Affairs deemed members opposing a transaction with mining companies “incompetent” (1). In such a case, the business could continue and the Bureau of Indian Affairs sold the lands to mining companies. In essence, these lands were stolen from the Quapaw because they were ripe for mining. These mines were then used from approximately 1891 to 1970.
In May 1830, Congress passed the Indian Removal Act which forced Native American tribes to move west. Some Indians left swiftly, while others were forced to to leave by the United States Army. Some were even taken away in chains. Andrew Jackson, the seventh president of the United States, strongly reinforced this act. In the Second State of the Union Address, Jackson advocated his Indian Policy. There was controversy as to whether the removal of the Native Americans was justified under the administration of President Andrew Jackson. In my personal opinion, as a Native American, the removal of the tribes was not in any way justified.
The Dakota Nation didn’t just wake up one day and decide to attack the settlers. They had been insulted, oppressed and cheated for years. Eventually, the Sioux decided to stand up and take back their land. The Sioux were hunters, not farmers. When the US decided to buy the Sioux’s hunting grounds and give them farmland, they should have thought about the consequences. The Sioux missed their sacred hunting land and struggled to make their farmland prosperous. Not only that, but the Sioux believe that they belong in Minnesota. Some say Israel is the land of the Jews. Well, Minnesota is the land of the Sioux. Of course, the US didn’t exactly steal the Sioux’s hunting land. Technically, the US bought the Sioux out, however that would imply that the Sioux had a choice about selling or were even aware of what was taking place.
The Cahuilla were a Native Southern Californian tribe that occupied the Riverside County, Higher Palomar Mountain Region and East Colorado Desert. The tribe was divided into two groups or moieties know as Wildcats or Coyotes. The Cahuilla lived in small clans that varied in population, and together all the separate clans made up a larger political group called a sib ”http://www.aguacaliente.org/content/History%20&%20Culture/.” The tribe was at first considered to be very simple and savage because they were never interacted with. As the Europeans and Spanish Missionaries considered the desert an inhospitable place that was better to avoid because of its lack of food resources. Little did those European and Spanish missionaries know that the land was ripe with food, only if you knew the land and the seasons. The Cahuilla were a very interesting tribe that cared and loved their land and in return the land would provide them with an abundance of food and resources. The Cahuilla had a very simple yet intricate life that involved a seasonal migration in order to gain access to different foods. They relied on different ways of acquiring food which involved both hunting and gathering.
...rs of nations, tribes, or bands of Native Americans who have sovereignty or independence from the government of the United States. Their societies and cultures still flourish amidst a large Native American social organization, and fundamental change in social attitudes toward Native people by museum curators, the scientific community, and Congress. Congress attempted to strike a balance between the interest in scientific examination of skeletal remains and the recognition that Native Americans have a religious and spiritual reverence for the remains of their ancestors The Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act established Indian nations as the owners of Native American cultural objects, including human remains, which were found on Federal land. It requires that the American Indians provide substantial amounts of information to validate their claims.
The early history of the Cherokee peoples puts them in the southeast for many generations before the Spanish arrived in the 16th century(Boulware, 2009). Cherokees were a part of the Mississippian Period chiefdoms from A.D. 800-1600 along with the Creek Indians. During this period they built huge mounds in the region(Boulware, 2009). The chiefdoms collapsed shortly after the arrival of the Spanish, who brought with them new diseases crippling the population of Native Americans in the region(Boulware, 2009). After...
...n their attempt to re conquer New Mexico later down the road. The Spanish tried to re conquer the land twelve years later using peace and scare tactics with a man by the name of Don Diego de Vargas. Not only were the events leading to Popes rebellion such as the encomienda system, forced labor, and the forcing of changing their religion and way of life in a short amount of time a great reason for the revolt. The revolt was also a starting ground for further rebellions and a blueprint of how to execute a rebellion successfully. When the revolt was over the Pueblos got what they wanted which was to be free of the Spanish and continue back to their own way of life. The following years were very difficult for the Indians starting with the rebuilding of their community. The Pueblo Revolt of 1680 was the greatest and most successful revolt in history of North America.
Michael, I agree with your post the US Government did make a good offer to the Native Americans in the Black Hills for their wealthy land. Normally Instead of the US Government just taking over their land like they normally do, or relocating them into a different area. They made the Indians a fair deal for the territory, but of course Indians weren't stupid enough to sale their land to US Government despite all the bad doings the us government has done to Indians over the years and also the incident's that happened in the Black Hills with the government settling in with posts and groups of people taking gold from their land with no permission from the Sioux people. After the discovery of Sioux territory being full of gold, the US government
Natives were forcefully removed from their land in the 1800’s by America. In the 1820’s and 30’s Georgia issued a campaign to remove the Cherokees from their land. The Cherokee Indians were one of the largest tribes in America at the time. Originally the Cherokee’s were settled near the great lakes, but overtime they moved to the eastern portion of North America. After being threatened by American expansion, Cherokee leaders re-organized their government and adopted a constitution written by a convention, led by Chief John Ross (Cherokee Removal). In 1828 gold was discovered in their land. This made the Cherokee’s land even more desirable. During the spring and winter of 1838- 1839, 20,000 Cherokees were removed and began their journey to Oklahoma. Even if natives wished to assimilate into America, by law they were neither citizens nor could they hold property in the state they were in. Principal Chief, John Ross and Major Ridge were leaders of the Cherokee Nation. The Eastern band of Cherokee Indians lost many due to smallpox. It was a year later that a Treaty was signed for cession of Cherokee land in Texas. A small number of Cherokee Indians assimilated into Florida, in o...
In regard to law, Deloria defines the relationship between the US Government and the Indians as paternalistic. The US Government treated and governed the Indians as a father would by providing basic needs but without given them rights. There has been some improvement with the Indian Reorganization Act in 1934. This act allowed the return to local self-government on a tribal level and restored the self management of their assets. By allowing the Indians to self govern it encouraged an economic foundation for the inhabitants of Indian reservations. Unfortunately only a few tribes have fully taken advantage of this act, while others continue to struggle for survival.
by Howard Zinn, explicates how the Indians were controlled however the white men pleased whether. Since the Louisiana Purchase in 1803, as the land expanded as well the interest in expanding economic interest. For instance, Europeans wanted more agriculture, trading , and marketing, it was a need for them to remove the Indians from their lands, to accomplish their goal. Indians were peaceful and were willing to share land with the white settlers but the white settlers wanted the land for themselves. Indians at many times were quickly removed for some sort of use for them like the mining the fold. IF that were the case, then if Indians weren’t gone by when Americans told them or had agreed to one of their treaties, troops would be sent to handle the situation : massacre the Indians. For the Indians that did agree to the agreements they were helped to fight against the Americans. They were relocated quit a few times, just like the Creeks, Cherokee, Chicksaw, Choctaw. Native Americans were always making many promise, but none were ever kept. There were also various who tried to make peace with the white settlers because the Native Americans knew that they truly were the ones who owned the land. The Indians wanted everything to be how it was before, but they knew that during these times they needed to survive and adjust to the changes of the white’s man world. The Indians did not want to fight pointless battles, risking lives on both sides, when their mentality was that words should be able to solve an issue. On the other hand, words from Indians were useless with white settlers: if they wanted them moved, the Indians were going to be movies whether they liked it or not. All Indians really desired a place they would permanently call home, where they could once live like they used to without having to worry about greedy people who wanted their
The apache native American lived in Arizona, New Mexico, Colorado, Texas, Oklahoma, including northern Chihuahua, Coahuila, and Tamaulipas. the majority of the Navajo Nation, the largest Native American reservation in the US, and the