Jean-Jacques Rousseau Maria Perez Mendoza Period 3 World History Jean-Jacques Rousseau was a distinguished writer, composer and philosopher of the eighteenth century whose works influenced the leaders of the French Revolution as well as many other later thinkers. His many published books aroused several controversies as well inspiration to many fashionable new thinkers. Rousseau was born In Geneva, Switzerland on June 28, 1712 to mother Suzanne Bernard and father Isaac Rousseau. On July 8 of the same year, only a couple of days after his birth into this world, his mother passed away leaving him only with his father to take care after him. Rousseau grew up in a household mainly dominated by his father, who was …show more content…
Rousseau’s father had a creative mind of his own and taught his son some Greek values. His father, later on, got into a quarrel of some sort with a French captain, a wealthy landowner, who accused him of violating his property. In fear of imprisonment, Rousseau’s father ran away from Geneva and settled in Nyon in the territory of Bern; he would spend the rest of his days outside of Geneva never to come back. Rousseau was left behind and taken care by other family members, specially his maternal uncle. Rousseau’s uncle sent him, alongside his cousin, with a Calvinist minister to study in the village of Bosey. During his two-year stay, he studied mathematics and drawing and even believed he would want to pursue being a minister himself. Rousseau later, in 1725, started his trade as an engraver. He had some troubles with his master, who he believed was violent and abusive and resembled a tyrant, so in 1728 he followed his father’s footsteps and left Geneva. He fled and made a safe haven out of a Roman Catholic Priest in Annecy. It was during his days in there that he found Louise de Warens; she was one of the biggest influences in his life. Louise de Warens was a woman from the higher class.. Louise de Warens was the …show more content…
In addition to his philosophical approach, Rousseau always gained interest in the musical path. A big step in Rousseau’s career was reaching Paris. In 1742, he moved to Paris to pursue his goal of becoming a musical composer. After developing a system of writing down music with their rhythmic values, he thought it to be best if he presented it to The Academy of the Sciences. Despite his illusions, The Academy did not think highly of this new system so it rejected it. Rousseau then was forced to work in other fields such as being secretary in the Comnte de Montaiguie. While staying in France, he also had the pleasure to interact with other thinkers who shared some of his views. All of these thinkers were, each in their way, searching for fame through their literature and writings. On of the was Denis Diderot. Diderot and Rousseau came together and created a group of individuals that gathered to share their opinions. They created a form of literary magazine named the Encyclopédie. Rousseau’s writings were, in fact, the most eloquent, trendy and polished of them all. They also attracted a grand variety of audiences from different backgrounds and perspectives. On top of his philosophical and elaborated works, he wrote music as well. In 1752, he composed
Champlain was born in 1574 in Brouage, to a family of marines and sea captains. He was the son of Antonio de Champlain ( a captain in the French marines), and his mother’s maiden name is Marguerite Leroy. His hometown had many big ports and ships, so he was very connected to boats when he was little. He had very little education, but he was able to become very educated by himself. He knew a lot of things because he taught them to himself. While he was still young, he entered the army.
Samuel de Champlain, who is referred to as the Father of New France, was born in the Brouage, Saintonge province, Western France. He was born to a protestant family around 1570. His father Anthoine de Champlain was a sea captain. The fact that his father worked in the high sea as a navigator, gave Samuel a strong desire to be a sailor and an explorer. This came when he was barely twenty years, under the guide of François Grave, he made his first voyage trip to the North America. Samuel Champlain never acquired a formal education in either Greek or Latin literature, but he learnt to navigate, drawing art of nautical charts, and writing. He also learnt the fighting techniques as part of a requirement for French sailors and later he was enrolled as a soldier in the army under King Henry.
The year 1776 brought about extreme reshaping for the colonies of what we now call the United States. Contributions from at least three philosophes during the Enlightenment period were instrumental in the formation of the foundation of a new government for the colonies. In addition to a freer-thinking people, The Enlightenment values of Montesquieu, Voltaire and Rousseau became a model for this new government of liberty, equality, and a new form of justice.
Paul Cezanne was a French artist born January 19th 1839. Cezanne was considered a Post-Impressionist painter that also helped with the development of the Cubist style. He was born in Aix-en-Provence a small southern French town and was the son of a wealthy banker, Louis-Auguste Cezanne. His mother was Anne Elisabeth Honorine Aubert. He also had two little sisters, Marie and Rose. Paul started going to Saint Joseph school in Aix, when he was just ten. In 1857 Paul started studying drawing from a Spanish Monk named, Joseph Gibert, at the Free Municipal School of Drawing in Aix. His father wanted him to obtain a lucrative profession, so in 1858 he began attending the University of Aix, studying law; still taking art classes. After about a year studying law, Cezanne finally decided to tell his father he wanted to move to Paris to pursue a profession as an artist. His father was not pleased with his decision, but eventually agreed.
René Descartes was a French philosopher born in La Haye, France, on March 31, 1596. In the 17th century. Now that town is now named after him, because of the great things he has done. He spent most of his life in the Dutch Republic He had two siblings and was the youngest. His father and mother's name were Joachim and Jeanne Brochard. His mother died before his first birthday. In addition, his father was in the provincial parliament as a council member. After their mother died, Joachim had the kids go live with their grandmother on their mom's side. They stayed there even though their father eventually remarried. Even though their father did not want them around, he still wanted the best education for his children so he sent René when he was eight, to boarding school to the Jesuit college of Henri IV in La Flèche. And he stayed there until he was 15.
Montesquieu was a philosopher of the 18th century. He was born on January 18, 1689, Bordeaux, France. His father was a soldier and his mother died when he was little. Montesquieu went to college and at the University of Bordeaux to receive a law degree. He married Jeanne de Lartigue and had one son and two daughters. Montesquieu first came popular when he published a novel called Persian Letters. He also wrote many smaller works, but his other major work was The Spirit of the Laws. He was visiting many salons and soon was elected to be apart of the Académie Française which was an academy to revise the French dictionary. He visited many countries and lived in England for two years before coming back to France. Once back at France, he began his second major work, The Spirit of the Laws, and many other minors works. The Spirit of the Laws, by the Roman Catholic Church, was
recognized as a writer. He became one of the most famous and well paid French
Michel Foucault his full name was Paul-Michel Foucault, was born October 15, 1926, Poitiers France—died June 25, 1984, Paris. He the grandson of a physician.You could say that he was born into a solidly bourgeois family, Also his father was a doctor so you can see that being intelligent runs in the family, his mother was just any ordinary housewife Foucault’s mother, Anne, was likewise the daughter of a surgeon, and had longed to follow a medical career, but her wish had to wait until Foucault’s younger brother as such a career was not available for women at the time. It is surely no coincidence then that much of Foucault’s work would revolve around the critical interrogation of medical discourses .Foucault was schooled in Poitiers during the years of German occupation Foucault excelled at philosophy and, having from a young age declared his intention to pursue an academic career, persisted in defying his father, who wanted the young Paul-Michel to follow his forebears into the medical profession. The conflict with his father may have been a factor in Foucault’s dropping the ‘Paul’ from his name. The relationship between father and son remained cool through to the latter’s death in 1959, though Foucault remained close to his mother.
Source one is a quote by the philosopher Jean-Jacques Rousseau. He states that: “Man was born free, and everywhere he is in chains.” The source states that even though human beings are all born free of chains, as they grow up and enter society, they find themselves unknowingly being put into chains. Rousseau believes that external and internal factors in society cause us all to become restricted and chained, that we believe we are free when we are constantly surrounded by restricting forces. The chains can be both physical or mental and are placed upon us by those who wish to control us. The source values self- determination, free-will, equality, and would favour constitutionally protected rights of citizens everywhere, such as those listed
The problem is to find a form of association … in which each, while uniting
The political philosophy of Jean-Jacques Rousseau and Karl Marx examined the role that the state played and its relationship to its citizen’s participation and access to the political economy during different struggles and tumultuous times. Rousseau was a believer of the concept of social contract with limits established by the good will and community participation of citizens while government receives its powers given to it. Karl Marx believed that power was to be taken by the people through the elimination of the upper class bourgeois’ personal property and capital. While both philosophers created a different approach to establishing the governing principles of their beliefs they do share a similar concept of eliminating ownership of capital and distributions from the government. Studying the different approaches will let us show the similarities of principles that eliminate abuse of power and concentration of wealth by few, and allow access for all. To further evaluate these similarities, we must first understand the primary principles of each of the philosophers’ concepts.
Rene Descartes was a French mathematician born in 1596 in La Haye, France and died in 1650 in Stockholm Sweden. The town’s name where he was born was changed to La Haye-Descartes in 1801, but in 1997 it was changed to just Descartes, France. The house where Descartes was born is now a small museum. He was named after one of his godfathers, Rene Brochard des Fontaines. Descartes fathers name was Joachim Descartes, he was a lawyer and a magistrate (Civil officer or a lay judge who administers the law.) Jeanne Brochard, Descartes mother, died the following May after he was born from giving birth to another child who also died. After his mother’s death, Descartes, his brother Pierre and his sister Jeanne were left to be raised by their grandmother
When Rene was around 10 years old on 1609 he joined the Jesuit College in La Fleche and remained there till 1614. He had five to six years of grammar school which involved Latin and Greek grammar, and for his final three years left he took mathematics courses. After leaving Jesuit College, he studied at the University of Poitiers on 1616. He graduated and he earned a bachelorette degree of law to follow his father’s wishes on becoming a lawyer like him. Everyone is his family wanted him to become a lawyer but he never decided on practicing law.
Emilie du Chatelet was not a conventional woman, given the time. Like many girls at the time she was educated at home. She valued her independence and wanted to marry someone who would value it as well. She married Marquise du Chatelet-Laumont in 1725. At the age of 27 she had her last child and went back to her study of mathematics. She wanted to join the discussion in salons, but was not admitted to join until she went dressed as a man. “Emilie’s interest in mathematics and science overlapped with her affairs of the heart.” She had a fling with one of her tutors, Pierre Louis Moreau de Maupertius. Her affair with Voltaire lasted until the end of her life.
Comte was born in the south of France in a city called Montpellier on January 19, 1788. He was the eldest of four children. His father Louis-Auguste Comte was a tax official and his mother, Félicité-Rosalie Boyer was twelve years older than his father. His parents were both of Roman Catholic faith and royalists. He attended the Citadel of Montpellier and the University of Montpellier. Comte also attended the École Polytechnique. While attending the Citadel of Montpellier, he abandoned the beliefs of his parents and picked up the beliefs of a movement called republicanism. “From 1818 to 1824 he contributed to the publications of Saint-Simon, and the direction of much of Comte's future work may be attributed to this association...