Jean Bodel is one of the most well-known poets and playwrights of his time. He was born and raised in Arras, France, a city that was notorious for it’s theatre scene in 1167. Bodel grew up to be an accomplished story-teller and composer of fictive works such as his timelessly popular Le Jeu de Saint Nicolas (Play of Saint Nicholas), the very first miracle play in French. Fortunately, there is also substantial information about Jean Bodel and the life he lead thanks to his piece written in 1202, Les Conges, a leave-taking poem that he wrote while living in a lazar house after contracting Leprosy before dying in 1210 (britannica.com). According to Britannica, it is thought that in addition to writing, Jean Bodel may have had his hand in the …show more content…
A Muslim king’s domain is under siege by Christians and the King’s men defeat the invading band of Christians except one: an old wise man who is found praying to a statue of Saint Nicholas. Upon questioning, the old man informs the King that Saint Nicholas is worshipped in order to protect one’s prosperity. The King is skeptical of these claims and decides to put the old man and the statue to the test. He gives an ultimatum stating that, on the condition that the icon works and the King’s treasury is successfully protected, the old man will be released. If the man’s statement does not hold true, he’ll be executed. News of what is happening gets around to local taverns and a group of vandals catches wind of it. The thieves steal the King’s treasure and try to make a run for it, but Saint Nicholas himself appears and stops them in their tracks. This experience has frightened them so much that they return the treasure to the King. The old wise man is freed and in lieu of the Saint’s appearance, the Muslim people decide to convert to Christianity (…). This piece is thought to have been an entreaty to the Christian people that they join the Fourth Crusade and help to conquer Jerusalem. Although the story of Saint Nicholas was one of his best known pieces, Jean Bodel also wrote short lyrical narratives called pastourelles - five, to be
For instance, the city was sacked by the Romans in 70 AD, which destroyed most of the city's important religious artifacts. Later, the city was completely destroyed and covered in 135 AD by the Roman Emperor Hadrian. Rubenstein delves deeply into the background of the crusade, as many of the events and ideologies that inspired it are critical to understanding its reasoning and justifications. This sets Rubenstein apart from the Madden textbook, which begins at the council at Claremont and does not provide essential background information. Rubenstein's book serves as an excellent introduction to the history of the Crusades.
Foss explains, “What Urban needed was an enterprise, clearly virtuous in serving the ends of Christiandome… in these moments of reflection, the popes mind turned towards Jerusalem.” Urban II reflects back on the first taking of the Holy City after the defeat of the Byzantine Empire in 1071, and begins to question what his people know about the Turkish race and really the ideology of Islamic thought. Foss goes on to examine the ignorance of westerners and needed to be “reminded [by the pope] of the infamous heathens, their cruelty and hatred of Christians,” hoping this would justify the first Holy Crusade. However, Foss identifies the creativity of the Pope’s language to persuade the knights and army of the people to embark on the Holy Crusade based on the Muslims cruel actions turned onto their fellow Christians. Claiming the Muslims “Killed captives by torture…poor captives were whipped…and others were bound to the post and used as a target for arrows.” Foss examines the Popes words as an effective effort of persuasion in creating an army of crusaders to help clean “…Holy places, which are now treated with ignominy and polluted with Filthiness” and any sacrifice in Jerusalem is a “promise of a spiritual reward… and death for
A fabliau is a short comic tale, chiefly in French, that is written in verse and usually consists of lewd humor. The title comes from the diminutive form of the word “fable”, and the earliest example of such poetry was found during the twelfth century. In the reading, “The Fabliaux” by Nathaniel E. Dubin, there is a collection of short poems that tell amusing stories, such as one of a girl who cannot stand to hear lewd language and a priest who fools a peasant into believing that his own eyes are deceitful.
Among some of the largest conflicts in the world stand the Crusades; a brutal conflict that lasted over 200 years and was debatably one of the largest armed religious conflicts in the history of humankind. Since this is so clearly an event of importance, historians have searched vigorously for the true answer as to why the crusades began. Ultimately, because of accusatory views on both the sides of the Christians and of the Muslims, the two groups grew in such hatred of each other that they began to act in deep discrimination of each other. Moreover, Christian motives seemed to be driven mostly by the capture of Jerusalem, the dark ages of Europe and the common-folks desperation for land, wealth, and a spot in heaven. What seems to be continually
Taking place in Haiti, the government system is very corrupt and fraudulent at the time. There is a fat man that is sent to kill the preacher, for supposedly standing up to the government. Many people like the preacher and follow him but others are not his biggest fans, “Rumors had been spreading for a while that the preacher had enemies in high places” (Dandicat 184). The preacher knows that some people do not like him very much, so he is always on the lookout. The fat man successfully kidnaps the preacher but does not follow the
God’s Battalions: The Case for the Crusades by Rodney Stark, will cause readers to question much of what they know about the Crusades, the Crusaders themselves, and the formidable Muslim forces they encountered along the way in liberation of the Holy Land. Stark gives compelling reasons for the Crusades, and argues that readers should not be too quick in following the lead of historians who cast the Crusaders in less than positive light. Stark makes his case supported by evidence that vindicates the valiant struggles of the Crusaders who accomplished the task of keeping Christianity alive through troubled times.
In the short story “An Adventure in Paris” by Guy De Maupassant an unnamed woman seeks for adventure, love, and excitement. An unnamed narrator starts to explain the inner nature and curiosity of a woman. The story transitions to the point of view of an unnamed lawyer’s wife which allows us to see her deepest desire to travel to Paris and be part of the lavishing life she has seen in the magazines. To escape her regular routine she makes a plan to go to Paris; however, her family members are only middle class and cannot help her fulfill her desire to live the life of a celebrity, fame, and fashion. Just when her trip seems to be monotonous she comes across the chance to live the life of an extravagant person. This chance happens when she meets Jean Varin, a wealthy author, in a store wanting to purchase a Japanese figurine. When Varin decides that the figurine is too expensive the lawyer’s wife steps up to buy the figurine which causes Varin to notice her. She flirtatiously invites herself into Varin’s daily activities which intrigue Varin. As the day closes she invites herself to Varin’s house and has an affair with Varin; however, she doesn’t feel she is satisfied because of his many needs. She anxiously waits till morning to come so that she can leave which only confuses Varin. When Varin asks her why she is leaving after all they have been through she states that she wanted to know what depravity felt like; however, it was not what she expected. The central idea of the story is about a woman’s psychological desire for romance, adventure, and an opulent lifestyle that leads to curiosity and the immoral act of adultery.
In order for the crusades to begin, the Christians needed to gather an army to travel and fight the forces of Muslims. With all the power being held by monarchies at this time, the church needed to be cleaver in order to gain troops to put their lives on the line. To gain the support of these warriors and dedication of men, Pope Urban II (1088-1099) challenged those morals of men by telling them to grab their weapons and join the holy war to recover the land of Jerusalem. It was not the challenge that convinced men to take part in this war. The promise of “immediate remission of sins” attracted the men to stand up for their religion and beliefs while at the same time, promising them a trip to heaven when life comes to an end. With this statement, men instantly prepared for battle which in a very short period of time gave the church power which has been held by the monarchies. Men of rich and poor prepared for battle, some wearing ...
During The First Crusade peasants and knights alike fought for God and glory travelling east towards Jerusalem. In 1099 Christian forces reached Jerusalem and prepared for recapture. The western crusaders attacked the city and gained control of it. During the capture of Jerusalem, the crusading forces massacred not only Muslims, but Jews and even other Christians. Men women and children alike, no one was safe from these crusaders who did what they wanted. They butchered Jerusalem’s inhabitants in the streets, without care of what God might think (which is ironic considering this w...
Gustave Flaubert incorporates and composes a realistic piece of literature using realistic literature techniques in his short story, “A Simple Heart.” Flaubert accomplishes this through telling a story that mimics the real life of Félicité, and writing fiction that deliberately cuts across different class hierarchies; through this method, Flaubert
With all the events which were occurring in the world, Urban had successfully chosen to launch the crusade at a time when the Christian West was ready to put a stop to the fighting in the East by eliminating all opposition to the Christians. It was also the perfect time for the Pope’s message of ‘guiltless, meritorious violence’. To an audience bred on fighting but fearful of hell the promise of an Indulgence was irresistible.
create a novel out of an actual event. He had thousands of notes on the subject,
The Children’s Crusade needlessly ended the lives of many. Although they had no other reasons than regaining Jerusalem, it was a lost cause. Stephen of Cloyes and Nicholas, though with a true purpose, caused only more pain and sorrow. Children left their family behind, “This they did despite the wishes of their parents, relatives, and friends who sought to make them drop back” (Halsall). Some parents encouraged their kids to go, but at the same time, even more parents tried to keep there kids at their side (Halsall). The Pope himself at one time stopped Nicholas’s Crusade and told them to go back home (Trueman). Even though the Crusade failed, and none of the children ever were heard of again, England once again remembered the importance of the Holy Land (Trueman).
This win is a clear sign of divine intervention where God played an active role in setting the determinate outcome of a situation. Unlike the dreams, where God does not tell the Emperor who would win, God sides with the Christian Franks. God’s direct siding in this situation is interpreted as a way to show that being a traitor towards the Christians will not be tolerated. Therefore, the stanzas become a lesson for the reader that faith is stronger than personal
From 1095 to 1291 C.E., the Crusades spread across Europe in the name of Christianity. The high tension between the Muslims and the Christians was caused by the want of the city of Jerusalem. The Jews, the Christians, and the Muslims believed Jerusalem was theirs, and went to violent efforts to achieve it. In the movie, Kingdom of Heaven by Oliver Stone, the main character, Balian is thrown into the fight between the Christians and the Muslims. Kingdom of Heaven is a portrayal of one of the Crusades, and although the movie was based from real people, the film makers decided to change aspects about the characters and situations to relate to current events and audiences.