The Life and Works of Sir Isaac Newton
Sir Isaac Newton, (1642-1727), mathematician and physicist, was one of the greatest scientific minds of all time. Sir Isaac Newton was born at on January 4th (December 25th old calendar) at Woolsthorpe, a farmstead, in Lincolnshire. Woolsthorpe is the place where he worked on his theory of light and optics. This is also believed to be the site where Newton observed an apple fall from a tree, inspiring him to make his law of universal gravitation. He entered Cambridge University in 1661; he was elected a Fellow of Trinity College in 1667, and Lucasian Professor of Mathematics in 1669. He remained at the university, lecturing in most years, until 1696. Of these Cambridge years, he was at the height of his creative power, he singled out 1665-1666 as "the prime of my age for invention". During two to three years of intense mental effort, he prepared Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica commonly known as the Principia, although this was not published until 1687. As an opponent of the attempt by King James II to make the universities into Catholic institutions, Newton was elected Member of Parliament for the University of Cambridge to the Convention Parliament of 1689, and sat again in 1701-1702. Meanwhile, in 1696 he moved to London as Warden of the Royal Mint. He became Master of the Mint in 1699, an office he retained to his death. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of London in 1671, and in 1703 he became President, being annually re-elected for the rest of his life. His major work, Opticks, appeared the next year; he was knighted in Cambridge in 1705. As Newtonian science became increasingly accepted on the Continent, and especially after a general peace was restored in 171...
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... two men, Isaac Newton and Gottfried Leibniz, who independently developed its foundations. Although they both were involved in its creation, they thought of the basic concepts in very different ways. While Newton considered variables changing with time, Leibniz thought of the variables x and y as ranging over sequences of infinitely close values. Leibniz knew that dy/dx gives the tangent but he did not use it as a defining property. On the other hand, Newton used quantities x' and y', which were fixed velocities, to find the tangent. Leibniz was very conscious of the importance of good details and put a lot of thought into the symbols he used. Newton, on the other hand, wrote more for himself than anyone else. As a result, he tended to use whatever notation he thought of on that day. As a result, much of the notation that is used in Calculus today is due to Leibniz.
The invention of calculus started in the second half of the 17th Century. The few preceding centuries, known as the Renaissance period, marked a time of prosperity in different areas throughout Europe. Different philosophies emerged which resulted in a new form of mindset. Science and art were still very much interconnected and intermingled at this time, as exemplified by the work of artists and scientists such as Leonardo da Vinci. It is no surprise that revolutionary work in science and
Sir Isaac Newton made an enormous amount of contributions to the world of physics. He invented the reflecting telescope, proposed new theories of light and color, discovered calculus, developed the three laws of motion, and devised the law of universal gravitation. His greatest contribution to physics was the development of the three laws of motion. The first law was called the law of inertia; this law stated that, “Every object persists in its state of rest or uniform motion in a straight line unless it is compelled to change that state by forces impressed upon it.” The second law is called the law of acceleration; this law stated that, “Force is equal to the chan...
Isaac Newton’s story of how an apple falling from a tree that hit his head inspired him to formulate a theory of gravitation is one that all school children grow up hearing about. Newton is arguably one of the most influential scientific minds in human history. He has published books such as Arithmetica Universalis, The Chronology of Ancient Kingdoms, Methods of Fluxions, Opticks, the Queries, and most famously, Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia MathematicaHe formulated the three laws of gravitation, discovered the generalized binomial theorem, developed infinitesimal calculus (sharing credit with Gottfried Wilhelm Von Leibniz, who developed the theory independently), and worked extensively on optics and refraction of light. Newton changed the way that people look at the world they live in and how the universe works.
Born on January 4, 1643, Isaac Newton is a renowned physicist and mathematician. As a child, he started off without his father, and when he was three years old, his mother remarried and left to live with her second husband. Newton was left in the hands of his grandmother. After getting a basic education at the local schools, he was sent to Grantham, England to attend the King’s School. He lived with a pharmacist named Clark. During his time at Clark’s home, he was interested in his chemical library and laboratory. He would amuse Clark’s daughter by creating mechanical devices such as sundials, floating lanterns, and a windmill run by a live mouse. Isaac Newton’s interest in science at an early age foreshadows how Isaac would be led into the
Newton was born in Woolsthorpe-by-Colsterworth, United Kingdom on January fourth, 1643. He was the only son of a prosperous local farmer, also named Isaac Newton, who died three months before he was born. A premature baby born tiny and weak, Newton was not expected to survive. When he was 3 years old, his mother, Hannah Ayscough Newton, remarried a minister, Barnabas Smith, and went to live with him, leaving Newton behind. The experience left an imprint on Newton, later manifesting itself as an acute sense of insecurity. He anxiously obsessed over his published work, defending its ideas with irrational behavior. Newt...
Sir Isaac Newton was born in Woolsthorpe, England on January 4, 1643. He was underdeveloped and very small as a baby, being born a couple months premature to his mother, Hannah Newton. From the time he was a toddler, Newton lived with his grandmother (his father died three months prior to his birth and his mother moved away to get remarried to prosperous minister). Newton would fill his need for parents with God. As a boy, he studied the Bible for days on end, finding inspiration and developing his spiritual character. In fact, his grandmother decided she would enroll him in a school for the mentoring of future ministers. These events would cause Newton to develop a relentless work ethic.
his home in Woolsthorpe over the next two years. During this time he worked on
When most people hear the name Isaac Newton, they think of various laws of physics and the story of the apple falling from the tree; in addition, some may even think of him as the inventor of calculus. However, there was much more to Newton’s life which was in part molded by the happenings around the world. The seventeenth century was a time of great upheaval and change around the world. The tumultuousness of this era was due mostly to political and religious unrest which in effect had a great impact on the mathematics and science discoveries from the time Newton was born in 1646 until the early 1700’s.
Isaac Newton was born on January 4th, 1643. Newton was an established analyst and math expert, and was considered as one of the skilled minds of the 17th century Scientific Revolution.With his discoveries in optics, movement and mathematics, Newton improved the ways of thinking/basic truths/rules of modern remedy. His father was a prosperous local farmer, with the name also, Isaac Newton, who happened to have passed away when Newton was only 3 months old.When Newton was born, he was very tiny and weak so the doctors suggested that he would not survive. Isaac lived to the age of 84 years old. (Bio.com)Newton’s mother, Hannah Ayscough Newton, left Isaac with his maternal grandmother, because she left him for a man named Barnabas Smith, whom she married and lived her life with.This experience left Newton, broken-hearted, but he did not want to give up; no not at all, he kept leaning towards his interest, and drooling over his magnificent work.
In particular, physics began to grow in importance and popularity. This lead to new branches in mathematics and new conceptions in the traditional branches. These mathematical revolutions included new ways of linking geometry with algebra and arithmetic (Fermat and Descartes), and the development of the calculus, through the work of Newton and Leibniz, which was needed for the study of gravitation and motion.
Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz is an important figure in the history of philosophy and mathematics. Although his work was not fully appreciated during his day, he did much to advance the "thinking" on a variety of subjects. His fame was scarred by the infamous controversy with Isaac Newton on the subject of the discoverer of calculus. Leibniz's work encompassed a wide scope, ranging from philosopy to politics to mechanics and mathematics, but his most noteworthy accomplishment was the discovery of differential calculus and its highly efficient notation.
Sir Isaac Newton Jan 4 1643 - March 31 1727 On Christmas day by the georgian calender in the manor house of Woolsthorpe, England, Issaac Newton was born prematurely. His father had died 3 months before. Newton had a difficult childhood. His mother, Hannah Ayscough Newton remarried when he was just three, and he was sent to live with his grandparents. After his stepfather’s death, the second father who died, when Isaac was 11, Newtons mother brought him back home to Woolsthorpe in Lincolnshire where he was educated at Kings School, Grantham. Newton came from a family of farmers and he was expected to continue the farming tradition , well that’s what his mother thought anyway, until an uncle recognized how smart he was. Newton's mother removed him from grammar school in Grantham where he had shown little promise in academics. Newtons report cards describe him as 'idle' and 'inattentive'. So his uncle decided that he should be prepared for the university, and he entered his uncle's old College, Trinity College, Cambridge, in June 1661. Newton had to earn his keep waiting on wealthy students because he was poor. Newton's aim at Cambridge was a law degree. At Cambridge, Isaac Barrow who held the Lucasian chair of Mathematics took Isaac under his wing and encouraged him. Newton got his undergraduate degree without accomplishing much and would have gone on to get his masters but the Great Plague broke out in London and the students were sent home. This was a truely productive time for Newton.
The argument in this paper that even though the onus of the discovery of calculus lies with Isaac Newton, the credit goes to Leibniz for the simple fact that he was the one who published his works first. Appending to this is the fact that the calculus wars that ensue was merely and egotistic battle between humans succumbing to their bare primal instincts. To commence, a brief historical explanation must be given about both individuals prior to stating their cases.
...ocity. On the other hand, Leibniz had taken a geometrical approach, basing his discoveries on the work of previous thinkers like Fermat and Pascal. Though Newton had been the first to derive calculus as a mathematical approach, Leibniz was the first one to widely disseminate the concept throughout Europe. This was perhaps the most conclusive evidence that Newton and Leibniz were both independent developers of calculus. Newton’s timeline displays more evidence of inventing calculus because of his refusal to use theories or concepts to prove his answers, while Leibniz furthered other mathematician’s ideas to collaborate and bring together theorems for the application of calculus. The history of calculus developed as a result of sequential events, including many inventions and innovations, which led to forward thinking in the development of the mathematical system.
Isaac Newton was born on January 4, 1643 in Woolsthorpe, England where he grew up. His father, also named Isaac Newton, was a prosperous farmer who died three months before Isaacs’s birth. Isaac was born premature; he was very tiny and weak and wasn’t expected to live (bio).