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The importance of symbolism
The importance of symbolism
The importance of symbolism
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Irony and Symbolism in Willa Cather's Paul's Case
"Paul's Case," by Willa Cather, is a story that deals with a young boy who does not feel that he lives a life befitting of him. Upon a close reading, it is evident that "Paul's Case" is ruled by irony and symbolism, which are apparent in the story through the words of the narrator. The irony woven throughout the text builds up to an epiphonic moment, a main paradox in the story, which reveals to the reader Paul's true nature.
Paul believes that everyone around him is beneath him. He is convinced that he is superior to everyone else in his school and in his neighborhood. He is even condescending to his teachers, and shows an appalling amount of contempt for them, of which they are very aware.
In one class he habitually sat with his hand shading his eyes; in another he always looked out of the window during the recitation; in another he made a running commentary on the lecture, with humorous intention.
Paul wanted everyone to think he was better than they were. Not only did he try to dress as if he were rich and important, his very actions displayed a great amount of disdain for everyone around him.
Paul sees himself as superior. He carries himself with a haughty countenance and air about him, apparent in the description "Paul entered the faculty room suave and smiling." His attempts to portray himself as elegant is obvious in the adornments with which he tries to accentuate his attire: "he wore an opal pin in his neatly knotted black fourin-hand, and a red carnation in his button-hole." The irony in Paul's self-delusion lies in the way he is, in reality, seen by the rest of the world. While he thinks that he is dapper and winning in his ornamented garb, t...
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...ft who is actually honest. To Paul, the ultimate place in life is to be a part of the upper class. Paul had to try very hard, and be very dishonest, to convey a certain image so that he would be accepted as a part of that class. At this moment, since the best place to be is the upper class, and if one must be dishonest to achieve high social status, Paul wonders how there can be anyone in the world who is honest because everyone should be striving to be a part of the upper class. As far as Paul is concerned, his deceitful measures were an acceptable means for achieving his goal.
Works Cited and Consulted
Brown M. & Crone R. Willa Cather the Woman and Her Works. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons. 1970.
Cather, Willa. “Paul’s Case.” The Norton Anthology of Short Fiction. Eds. R.V. Cassill and Richard Bausch. Shorter 6th ed. New York: Norton, 2000. 198-207.
In regard to race, he says the he was “BORN IN SWITZERLAND__NEVER EXPERIENCED RACE” (PG). However, since Paul is not really the son of Sydney Poitier, who he claims to be his father, this imagination shows how he is trying to deny being black. However, at the end of the book, he finally admits a part of himself when he asks Louisa to bring him to jail, saying “if they don’t know you’re special, they kill you” (58). When Louisa tries to reassure Paul that this isn’t the case, Paul goes against all of his previous attempts to deny that he’s black, and says the elephant in the room: “Ms. Louisa Kittredge, I am black (58). Similarly, He aspires to be like the Kittredges, even going to museums, shown in his dream of living with them, being their son, and following in Flan’s footsteps. Expressing his own values by emphasis on imagination. Paul is the perfect example of creating an image for himself. He plays the extreme of what the Upper East Siders are doing in their everyday lives. He takes other peoples experiences, like the upper class does with their anecdotes, and uses them to make him come off as someone he’s not. He dresses up his appearance and does not understand or accept who he is on the inside.
Paul surrounds himself with the aesthetics of music and the rich and wealthy, as a means to escape his true reality. In Paul’s true reality, he has a lack of interest in school. His disinterest in school stems from the alienation and isolation he has in life. This disinterest in school reflects Paul’s alienation because of the unusual attention he receives there that he doesn’t get at home. In class one day he was at the chalkboard and “his English teacher had stepped to his side and attempted to guide his hand” (Cather 1).
"Paul’s Case." Short Stories for Students. Ed. Kathleen Wilson. Vol. 2. Detroit: Gale, 1997. 192-209. Short Stories for Students. Gale. Web. 21 Jan. 2010.
For the economy the New Deal only provided short-term solutions and did not solve the underlying economic problems. Also the US economy took longer to recover than that of most European countries. When, in 1937, Roosevelt reduced the New Deal budget, the country went back into
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