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The effect that height has on the diameter of a crater bbc
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Investigating the Size of Craters in Sand when a Marble is Dropped into the Sand from Different Heights
* Metal container
* Sand
* Marble
* 1 metre rulers
* 30cm ruler
Method
* First of all I collected all the equipment I needed.
* Next I put the tub of sand next to the wall and leaned the ruler
up against the wall resting on the sand.
* I then took the marble and dropped it into the sand from different
heights.
* After each drop I took my 15cm ruler, measured the diameter of
each crater and then smoothed the surfaced the surface of the sand
out.
* I then recorded my results and from the diameter I worked out the
area of each crater.
* I repeated this experiment three times.
Variables
* Height dropped
* Size of marble
* Type of sand
* Amount of sand
The variables that I will keep the same are the size of the marble,
the type of sand and the amount of sand. The variable I will change is
the height at which the marble is dropped. I believe that this will
give me the best results.
Prediction
I believe that the greater the height from which the marble is dropped
the greater the area of the crater in the sand will be. I also believe
that at a certain height and above the crater in the sand will stay
the same.
Theory behind Prediction
When an object is falling it builds up more and more speed due to
acceleration. The more speed it builds up the more force it builds up.
When the object hits a surface the force is used up on the surface.
The higher the height from which a marble is dropped the bigger ...
... middle of paper ...
... sand the more sand it is able to push away therefore making a bigger
crater. My other prediction saying ‘after a certain height from which
the marble was being dropped the area of the crater would stay the
same’ was correct because when a free-falling object first sets off it
has much more force accelerating it than resistance slowing it down.
As the speed increases the resistance builds up. This gradually
reduces the acceleration until eventually the resistance force is
equal to the accelerating force and then it won’t be able to
accelerate anymore. This means it will have reached its terminal
velocity and wont go any faster. This means that the crater will stay
the same from a certain height and above.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
The Science Coordination Group – Revision Guide for GCSE Double
Science, Physics Higher Level.
These pebbles were picked out randomly. We took 100 pebbles from each end and measured their length using a ruler and used the shape chart to decide what shape the pebbles were. First we had go... ... middle of paper ... ... ehicle.
Depending on the type of path that was created, it would largely influence the rate and distance to which the sediment was transported.
[8.3] In what ways do you think your results would have been different if you had sampled at a different height on the rock?
The goal of this experiment is to develop a theory, which allows us to understand the motion of a marble.
Desert pavements are common landforms in arid regions. They consist of flat or sloping surfaces where stones are closely packed angular or rounded, and generally exhibit low relief (Mabbutt, 1977). Pavements tend to form on both alluvial fan toposequences and on weathering volcanic flow fields in arid regions. Soils are often found under desert pavements and they play an important role in the evolution of pavements (McFadden et. al., 1987). In the past there have been several theories as to the formation pavements and soil development beneath them. Deflation, or the erosion of finer grained particles from a surface, stone concentration by wash erosion and upward displacement of stone due to shrink and swell clay characteristics were at one time believed to be the main factors in the formation of desert pavements (Mabbutt, 1977). However, more recent research has shown that desert pavements are born and maintained at the surface, and that the soil below them is mainly eolian in origin. Slow accretion of eolian dust below the pavement is a process that eventually develops cumulate horizons. Eolian dust in environments where pavements often develop is rich in carbonate salts and clays due to the fact it often originates from nearby playa lake evaporate basins (McFadden et. al., 1987). Soils that form below the pavements over time develop calcic horizons and clay rich structure due to the influx of these eolian fines through the pavement surface. In turn the development of mature or plugged calcic horizons effects the form of the pavement surface because it alters the water drainage infiltration rate and causes pavements to decline.
twice as much energy as soil and five times more than sand to raise an
Semaphore Beach is affected by many factors such as natural processes and human impacts including marine litter and the discharge of stormwater. Therefore, several plans have been employed to ensure that the coast is supported through the method of counteracting erosion. However in the future, many management strategies have been put into consideration as well as the environmental, economic and social impacts as well as the predicted consequences. These impacts include traffic related incidents, noises and air pollution and the disruption of wildlife and the erosion of dunes. A method that should be considered for future management of the beach is the use of a concave sea wall, although efficient, this structure would be quite costly. Without the use of coastal management, Semaphore Beach would be unsupported, therefore negatively being affected by a variety of
One of these craters found, is the Alfrancus C. It has a maximum diameter of 10 km and a maximum radius of 5km. It has an estimated depth of 1.2km.
Surfers, swimmers and sunbathers use beaches for recreation. People fish off beaches for food. Since many people take their vacations at the beach, lots of beaches in tropical locations are important to their country’s economy. Entire cities, regions and countries depend on the money tourists spend while visiting the beach. Beaches are naturally very dynamic places, but people try to control them and build permanent structures, such as houses, restaurants, shops and hotels, on or near the shore. The natural erosion and deposition of beaches becomes a problem. Beaches con disappear over time, or even over night during severe storms. Beaches are areas of loose sediment (sand, gravel, cobbles) controlled by ocean processes. Most beaches have several characteristic features. First are offshore bars, which help protect beaches from erosion. Next is the foreshore, which rises from the water toward the crest of the next feature; a berm. On low-lying shores, dunes form behind beaches. Dunes look like rolling hills of sand and are blown into place by the wind. New, smaller dunes are often changing shape as the wind continues to affect them. Waves and currents move the accumulated sediment constantly creating, eroding and changing the coastlines.
The atmosphere plays an important role in the functioning of coastal dunes. The wind, is the most predominant abiotic factor in establish a diverse character of coastal dunes. Wind is also referred as the aeolian transport. The higher of wind speed the higher the rate of sand movement. This process leads to surface creep where the grains roll along being propelled by the falling grains from the process of saltation. On the excursion conducted at Long Reef Beach, it was found that the winds speed increases as we go further down to the foredune. This in turn affected both the lithosphere and biosphere, as the foredune act as a wind barrier, lowering levels of evaporation in the soil, increasing soil moisture. This in turns allows taller flora such as eucalytus trees and coastal banksia to grow. With the foredune experiencing the highest wind speed, hardier and l...
Surface Creep occurs when landing sand particles remove the larger and heavier particles, pushing them forward.
My topic of discussion is the black sand that one will find one the beautiful Hawaiian Islands. There are many different black beaches around the world. Since there are so many volcanoes, the state of Hawaii is always reshaping and creating more beautiful features. To people that have never seen black sand. They also fantasize about how beautiful the beach is. I myself, although I have never personally seen black sand, had the pleasure of talking with an individual that had. She vacationed with her family one summer, and she said the black sand was one of the most beautiful things she had ever seen. The black sand by itself was able to create a more soothing atmosphere on the islands. One thing that occurs on these islands that’s just as marvelous as the black sand is how it is created. Black sand is not formed in just one way. One way that the black sand forms is when the flowing lava comes into contact with the ocean water the causing the lava to become broken down into tiny pieces, and those tiny pieces are what form the black sand. Lava rocks have also returned to the beach and ...
Glass is used as an optical fiber transmission medium which is made up of sand and is available in abundance.
There are different types of dredgers, however, for the Palm Islands project, the trailing suction hopper dredge (TSHD) was used because it is the only non-stationary dredger. This is because the dredger had to move from the area of suction to the area of deposition. The trailing suction hopper dredge has suction tubes dragged over the seabed during dredging, dredge pumps to suck the material, hopper where the dredged material settles and a swell compensator to control the contact between the suction mouth and seabed when dredging. In as much as Dubai has plenty of sand since it is a desert, the right type of sand that was cohesive enough could be used and it was only found in the seabed.