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Drug usage trends past to now
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InSite: A Harm Reduction Program
Insite is the first legalized drug injection site in North American, it is located in Vancouver, Canada. Insite offers a safe place to inject or smoke illegal drugs, primarily heroin. Insite does not provide the drugs but they do offer medical help to anyone needing it. In 2009, 276,178 visits were recoded, and 484 overdoses occurred with no deaths, (Wikipedia, n. d).
There has been major controversy over Insite treatment, especially under the Harper government. There is controversy over the fact that a government – sanctioned institution is facilitating an illegal act. The effectiveness of InSite in deterring or treating addictions also has been challenged. (Stueck, 2011).
The value assumption for legal
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I’ve been to Hasting’s street in Vancouver and I’ve seen the number of addicts on that street alone; there is a reason why it’s called the Worst Street in Canada (Wikipedia, n. d). I have the ideology that no matter what is going on in someone’s life that person wants to be validated and to be independent and to be treated with dignity. I don’t believe that InSite causes more people to become drug addicts, because I don’t believe people are glamourizing drug addiction. I believe the people using this are the hard-core users that need this help. Every article I’ve read has shown that this legal injection site has decreased the effects of drug paraphernalia, fatal overdoses, needle sharing and HIV within this population. I also don’t think that InSite would cause more people to relapse, because the relapse rates are already very high; I don’t believe InSite would make it higher. Drugs are already easy to find, InSite doesn’t provide you with drugs, so you’d have to make the conscious decision to go buy drugs before you would even consider InSite. InSite places value on human life; there have been no fatal overdoes within InSite. This would not be the case if these people chose to do drugs outside of InSite. I think this has opened my eyes to not believing everything you read, and taking other aspects into consideration. A legal drug site seems pretty crazy if you don’t have all the information to consider (that it reduces needle sharing, and HIV, and death) and when you do take all that information into account, it becomes apparent that this is needed in Canada. With all the journals dedicated to InSite, I didn’t find any facts on why InSite was bad, just
Bruce K. Alexander’s essay “Reframing Canada’s ‘Drug Problem’” is about shifting the focus from intervention to prevention. Alexander explains that in Canada there have been three major waves of drug intervention: “Criminal prosecution and intensive anti-drug” (225), “medicinal and psychological treatment” (225), and the ‘“harm reduction’ techniques” (225) being the most resent. The “’harm reduction’” (225) consisted of: clean injectable heroin, clean needles, methadone, and housing for addicts. Although each of the methods is devoted and knowledgeable, they have done little to decrease the deaths or suppress the unhappiness. While clean heroin did work well few addicts quit using and many found
The term addiction can be interpreted in many ways, concering both illegal and legal substances. Not only can one become addicted to a substance, but also activities like gambling, shoplifting, and sex. Prior to considering addiction, one must first understand what constitutes a substance. Levinthal (2002) describes a drug as a chemical substance that changes the functioning of the body when ingested (4). Although illegal drugs may come to mind when hearing this definition, alcohol and tobacco fit under this criteria as well. For the purpose of this essay, controlled and regulated (licit/legal) substances will be focused upon. Alcohol is a regulated substance that can be thought of as a social drug (Levinthal, 2002, p.192) and arguably tobacco
Needle exchange programs are a type of harm reduction initiative used in different parts of the world to combat HIV transmission. These programs provide injection drug users (IDUs) with clean needles and syringes (AVERT, 2015). These programs are run by pharmacies or other drug services, and can be either fixed or mobile sites (CDC, 2010). Besides aiming to reduce the transmission of HIV, these programs also provide advice on safe drug injection, how to minimize harm by drugs and overdose, how to safely handle injection equipment, and provide access to treatment if the person wishes. There are at least 90 countries that have implemented these programs, located in various areas such as the United States, Australia, Asia, Europe, Latin America,
To conclude, although the main goal of the Needle exchange programs is to reduce the transmissions of HIV and other diseases, they still fail to help the drug addicts they intended to serve and prevent any injuries in community. In fact, they encourage them to use more drugs, which could lead to overdose and death. Therefore, Needle exchange programs should be abolished.
In Australia the Government uses three methods to tackle drugs; Demand reduction, supply reduction and harm minimization. Needle and syringe programs are under harm minimization category. Supply reduction is focused on drug dealers and drug makers and is brought about by law enforcement. In the Demand reduction method it is tried to decrease the number of people taking drugs through anti-drug advertisements and campaigns, legislation, rehabilitation centers. On the other hand harm minimization recognizes the fact that drugs can never be eradicated fro...
An author’s way of writing and portraying a character are one of the important things to note when reading a novel. Whether they use third or first person as their view point, have their main character have an underlying dark secret that is not revealed until the end of the novel. However an author wishes to write their novel, there is always a drawback to it. Kazuo Ishiguro’s way of writing his novel Never Let Me Go is in a first person perspective where the narrator, Kathy H., reassess her life of being a clone but the way Kathy remembers and discusses her memories of living in Hailsham is hindered by the fact she inputs her own feelings and thoughts into what happened in the past.
“The number of people receiving methadone maintenance treatment in Ontario has increased sharply in recent years, from 6,000 in 2000 to 38,000 in 2012” (CAMH). Though this number seems threatening, it is a sign that Canada’s effective methadone treatments are reaching more people. Methadone is a synthetic opioid; it has a different chemical structure but similar effects on the body to other opiates such as morphine, heroin, codeine and OxyContin (Harvard Health Publications). Methadone is not used to cure, but rather treat addictions that individuals have to more dangerous opioids. Critics of the maintenance treatment say these rising numbers is proof of addicts getting high with Canadian’s tax money. A more accurate statement would be that
Alexander explains that in Canada there has been three major waves of drug intervention, the ‘“harm reduction’ techniques” (225) being the most resent consisted of: clean injectable heroin, clean needles, methadone, and housing. Although, each of the methods are devoted and knowledgeable they have done little to decreased the deaths or supress the unhappiness. While clean heroin did work well few addicts quit using and many found the conditions of reserving the drugs to be repulsive. Yet another method is legalization which is nothing new and will do little to help.
Illicit drug use and the debate surrounding the various legal options available to the government in an effort to curtail it is nothing new to America. Since the enactment of the Harrison Narcotic Act in 1914 (Erowid) the public has struggled with how to effectively deal with this phenomena, from catching individual users to deciding what to do with those who are convicted (DEA). Complicating the issue further is the ever-expanding list of substances available for abuse. Some are concocted in basements or bathtubs by drug addicts themselves, some in the labs of multinational pharmaceutical companies, and still others are just old compounds waiting for society to discover them.
Intrinsa is a testosterone transdermal patch for treating hypoactive sexual desire disease (HSDD) in surgically menopausal women. The women whose ovaries are removed surgically experiences 50% reduction in serum testosterone level leading to HSDD. Symptoms of this disease are absence of sexual thoughts, less sexual desire and activity, developing personal distress and mental tension.
In the United States drug overdose has begun to rise within many states. Whether or not municipalities and state government should try to control such an epidemic is in question. Some say by creating a supervised injection site where these Intravenous drug users(IDU) may go to safely conduct their self inflicting abuse and also seek rehabilitation may benefit these abusers and the society they live within. The United States government has not yet enabled one of these type of sites to establish itself in states where drugs have infested its cities and towns. Which brings me to Raleigh NC, where overdoses from drug abuse is on the rise; this problem starts the debate on whether or not Raleigh should implement a SIS to reduce the drug induced
The current situation of drug control in the United States is imperfect and inadequate. Millions of men and women, both young and old, are affected by illicit drug use. It costs the United States about $6,123 every second because of drug use and its consequences (Office). Moreover, 90 percent of all adults with a substance use disorder started using under the age of 18 and half under the age of 15. Children who first smoke marijuana under the age of 14 are five times more likely to abuse drugs as adults than those who first use marijuana at age 18. Finally, the children of alcoholics are four times more likely to develop problems with alcohol (Prevent). Current legislation that has to do with the United States’ drug control policy is the Controlled Substances Act, which regulates the manufacture, importation, possession, use, and distribution of certain substances (Shannon). In 1966, Congress passed the Narcotic Addict Rehabilitation Act also known as the NARA. This legislati...
...ue, rather than as a criminal activity that deserves punishment, would be more effective in preventing people from relapsing into drug use by showing them the support they need to fight their drug addiction.
Drug abuse has been a hot topic for our society due to how stimulants interfere with health, prosperity, and the lives of others in all nations. All drugs have the potential to be misapplied, whether obtained by prescription, over the counter, or illegally. Drug abuse is a despicable disease that affects many helpless people. Majority of those who are beset with this disease go untreated due to health insurance companies who neglect and discriminate this issue. As an outcome of missed opportunities of treatments, abusers become homeless, very ill, or even worst, death.
Perhaps most substance abuse starts in the teen years when young people are susceptible to pressure from their peers. One of the main concerns when dealing with substance abuse is the long term problems with substance such as addiction, dependency and tolerance. The physical state of an individual, who is addicted to a substance, will deteriorate over a long period of time. This is due to the chemicals that are being put into an individual body. One of the most important aspects of the effect of substance abuse on society includes ill health, disease, sickness, and in many cases death. The impact of substance abuse not only affects individuals who abuse substances but it affects our economy. Our government resources are negatively impacted by individual who abuse substances. According to (Lagliaro 2004) the implication of drug users extend far beyond the user, often damaging their relationships with their family, community, and health workers, volunteer and wider