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History of modern architecture
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History of modern architecture
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- Inigo Jones was British painter, architect, and designer, he was best known as the first prominent British architect in England. -Inigo Jones was born July 15, 1573, in Smithfield, London, Eng. and died June 21, 1652, in London - Inigo Jones was one of the first people to incorporate the traditional architecture of Rome and the Italian Renaissance to Britain. Jones made his name known in London by his many designs of individual buildings, including the Queen's House, the Banqueting House, Whitehall and the layout for Covent Garden square. - Inigo Jones was the son of a Welsh clothworker. There is not too much information known about Jones's early life, though it was recorded that he did not enter the architectural profession in the traditional way, Jones as an apprentice joiner in St Paul's Churchyard. Jones had visited Italy in 1603 to study and develop his skills in painting and design. From Italy, he traveled to Denmark where he worked for King Christian on the design of the palaces of Rosenborg and Frederiksborg. …show more content…
While under Queen Anne’s patronage, Jones was credited with inventing and putting into action movable scenery and the proscenium arch. Jones was responsible for staging over 500 performances on the stage between 1605 and 1640. Jones throughout this time collaborated with Ben Jonson, despite a relationship burdened with competition Queens House - In 1616, Inigo Jones began designing the Queen’s House as a private garden house for Anne of Denmark. When the queen died in 1619, the building remained unfinished until 1629. Jones completed it around 1635 for Queen Henrietta Maria, wife of Charles I. - The centerpiece of the Queen’s House is the Great Hall. The Great Hall is in the shape of a cube, the Hall was built in the center of the building and includes a first-floor balcony overseeing a black-and-white marble
Beginning his career as an artist early in life, Turners father provided his young son his first exhibition space, hanging and selling Turners works in the family Barbershop. Turners’ early experiences in art were limited and largely self-taught until entering the Royal Academy Schools in 1789 at the age of 14. From 1790 onwards Turner was heavily influences by architectural draftsman and teacher of perspective, Thomas Malton, a man Turner described as his ‘real master.’ The influence of Malton is clear in Turners superb architectural renderings that frequent his landscapes, being praised by the London Times of the 3rd of May 1797 for his ‘exquisite architectural views. ’
THE BUILDING NOW Before designing the building Lennox made a tour to cities of the U.S with buildings with the same style, now city hall's resemblance to H. H. Richardosn's Pittsburgh court house in 1886 is often pointed out. The building is designed so that the clock tower is centered on lower Bay street, providing a satisfying vista. Since this building was designed to be used for various activities when one enters the old city hall form the entrance of Queen and James street they will see three names carved above the door: Court House, Municipal Building and City Hall.
Hitchcock, Henry Russell. Early Victorian Architecture in Britain Volumes I and II. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1954.
Richard Morris Hunt was an American architect born in 1827. Hunt was born in Brattleboro, Vermont. His dad was a lawyer and US congressman, so their family had lots of money. He first attended Boston Latin School, and then in 1943 when his father died, he traveled to Europe to study art and architecture. In 1846 he would become the first American to attend the Ecole des Beaux Arts in Paris, the finest architecture school in the world. He finally settled in New York in 1855, where he made it his goal to raise the standard of design.
Ernö Goldfinger, a Hungarian-born architect, was a key member of the modernist architectural movement that emerged in the first half of the 20th century. His works would not only redefine British architecture and the London skyline with several of them being grade listed buildings, but also popularize the modernist movement in Britain. A self-proclaimed Marxist, Goldfinger was tall and humorless, qualities that represented some of his later works and his Brutalist style. Born Jewish in a family business of forestry and saw-mills, Goldfinger became interested in architecture through the books of Hermann Muthesius, specifically his book The English House. This book inspired Goldfinger’s early interest in furniture and interior design that is
Architects of the Elizabethan era designed many amazingly beautiful buildings and structures. Elizabethan architecture went further than just what the architects told the builders to do and the builders are given far less credit
The history of Kenwood House in Hampstead stretches far back in history; however, the bulk of what is published and considered rests upon the architecture of the Adams brothers, and particularly Robert Adam. It is said that the original house on the property was "probably built by John Bill (1576 - 1630), the King's Printer, soon after 1616. (Summerson, p.5)." Apart from a few scant references to its prior history, the bulk of published material begins with the Adams, having started and completed a remodel of the house in 1766 and 1774, respectively.
Colen Campbell was chosen as the architect for the banker Henry Hoare I Stourhead house (picture above), a masterpiece that inspiration for dozens of similar houses was across England. At the forefront of the new school of design was the "Count of aristocratic architect" Richard Boyle, 3rd Earl of Burlington; in 1729, he and William Kent, designed Chiswick House. This House was a reinterpretation of Palladio's Villa Capra, but purified elements of the 16th century and ornament. This severe lack of ornamentation should be a feature of Palladianism.
Barry’s plans reflect more of his knowledge of the neo-classical style through its symmetry. Pugin was the leading authority on Gothic architecture at the time. Almost all of the remains of the Old Palace were incorporated into the new design. Their work on the Palace began in 1840 and, while most of the work was finished by 1860, the New Palace of Westminster was not complete until a decade later. One of the most identifiable features of the Palace is the Elizabeth Tower, commonly identified by its main bell, “Big Ben”.
Victor Horta was an architect in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. He was born in Ghent, Belgium and while he would study and lecture abroad some, most of his work was done in his native country. Horta was a widely respected architect most know for his implementation of the ideas and principles of the new “Art Nouveau” movement to architecture. After the First World War his style would evolve to more modern and simplistic methods. His style would fall out of favor for a time after his death leading to the destruction of many of his works.
Frank Lloyd Wright, American architect, who was a pioneer in the modern style, is considered one of the greatest figures in 20th-century architecture. Wright was born June 8, 1867, in Richland Center, Wisconsin. When he entered the University of Wisconsin in 1884 his interest in architecture had already acknowledged itself. The university offered no courses in his chosen field; however, he enrolled in civil engineering and gained some practical experience by working part time on a construction project at the university. In 1887 he left school and went to Chicago where he became a designer for the firm of Adler and Sullivan with a pay of twenty-five dollars a week. Soon Wright became Louis Sullivan’s chief assistant. Louis Sullivan, Chicago based architect, one of America’s advanced designers. Louis had a profound influence on Frank Lloyd Wright. Wright was assigned most of the firm’s home projects, but to pay his many debts he designed ‘Bootlegged Houses’ for private clients in his spare time. Sullivan disapproved, resulting in Wright leaving the firm in 1893 to establish his own office in Chicago.
Palladio reinvented the Veneto’s architecture – and his influence eventually extended a long way past the region’s borders. His impact was very much helped by the publication of his I Quattro Libri dell’ Architectura (The Four Books of Architecture) in 1570. Covering classical design and including translations from Vitruvius, illustrative woodcut plates of classical design and of his own Renaissance work, the text was known throughout Europe – particularly in England, notably by Inigo Jones, the 17th Century English architect – and ultimately in America where buildings such as Thomas Jefferson’s Monticello in Virginia (1770) are clearly founded on Palladian principles.
Buckingham Palace is best known as a residence of the British monarchs located in the City of Westminster. Today, the palace is the administrative headquarters of the Monarchs. It was originally built for the Duke of Buckingham in the early 18th century and has been in a private ownership for at least 150 years. However, during the 19th century, the Palace was enlarged by two British architects, John Nash and Edward Blore. Only few additions to the Palace were made in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, including the East front, which contains the balcony on which the royal family traditionally greets the crowd.
During the sixteenth century, the Globe Theater was a magnificent structure that housed the most famous plays. For a writer to have his work performed at the Globe was considered an incredible accomplishment. Shakespeare’s originality set him apart from others during his time and led him to the Globe Theater, where he came upon a tremendous amount of success. As with the rest of England, the Globe Theater flourished during the Elizabethan era, also known as the “Golden Age” representing ideals such as prestige, fame, and achievement. From this time period, notable politicians, orators, tacticians, and musicians evolved into more prominent figures of society. William Shakespeare has influenced the literary world today, although he lived many centuries ago. Much of Shakespeare’s life is unknown, but he developed his success in London, England where he became an actor and playwright. Through the Globe Theater Shakespeare was able to show some of his greatest works and make himself a household name. (William Shakespeare 1).
In the past, there have been many famous artists, but few of them contributed their artistic skills to the design of the home. Michelangelo was a famous interior designer who created the most magnificent places for the richest of people. He made quantum use of his beautiful sculptures and paintings to create a rich ambiance. This is how interior design first began as a career. Years later, furniture, draperies, and wall coverings were included. Elsie de Wolfe was the first to practice interior design in the 1950s. Adam and Louis Comfort Tiffany, two American brothers, began a company to create beautiful furnishings and art, especially stained glass.