1.0 Introduction to Malaysian Policing
The existence of police in Malaysia has achieved 200 years age which began with effective Charter of Justice (Piagam Keadilan) in Penang in year 1807. Nevertheless, it has been started during the Malay Sultanate era which at that time the role of police officer carried by the Temenggong. Modern and systematic police institution establishment have started in Penang on 25 March 1807 which became starting point to emergence of police force in this country. The term police had been introduced when the Dutch conquered Malacca. Since then, the roles of police became important in order to protect and help the administrator manage the country. Now, the Malaysian Police known as Royal Malaysia Police (RMP) or Police DiRaja Malaysia (PDRM) which help the government to control and maintain the security and safety of Malaysian citizens.
1.1 History of Policing in Malaysia
The Malaysian policing history recorded to be started in 1807 at Penang with the proclamation of the Charter of Justice. However, the role of police has been identified during the Malay Sultanate which at that time, they already have their own set of laws and were currently practiced. The laws practiced were then focused on customary laws or Islamic laws 'syariah' while enforcement was carried out by the “Temenggong” which can be considered as the police officer. Temenggong was appointed by the king to take care of the port, to solve the problem of crime, markets, roads, towns, weights and measures, required to monitor the prison inspection, be fair, looking for followers of the trust and consult with them. Besides that, the headman had their own “police force" which responsible to collect taxes and enforce laws and protect the ...
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...Diraja Malaysia. Retrieved on March 17, 2011, from: http://www.rmp.gov.my/base.cfm?Lang=EN
Rugayah Hashim, Asiyah Kassim & Abdul Latiff Abdul Rahman (March 2009). Antecedents of computer attitudes : a case study of the Royal Malaysia Police Sabah. Conference on Scientific & Social Research. Retrieved on March 17, 2011, from : http://www.scribd.com/doc/13406838/ANTECEDENTS-OF-COMPUTER-ATTITUDES-A-CASE-STUDY-OF-THE-ROYAL-MALAYSIA-POLICE-SABAH
Selamat Sayunain (personal communication, Febraury 18, 2007).
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The police corruption is identified and categorize by Barker and Carter. They propose that police abuse of authority comes in three different
SIR ROBERT PEEL- The founder of the British system of policing, expanded in 1822, “The basic mission for which the police exist is to reduce crime and disorder” 162. Importance- Peel laid the foundation for the police mission statement, which is still in effect today.
Police officers serve and protect the people in their community. The earliest police force was established around the 1750’s. Although the first police force in the modern sense came to be over 250 years ago, the purpose they had is the same as today. As with the rest of the world advancing and progressing, the police force has advanced in many ways which have made them a more efficient and capable unit, in order to more fully accomplish their purpose of serving their community. In the next few paragraphs you will learn how training, equipment, work environment and techniques have changed and evolved in the police force.
The dictionary definition of the police is “the organized civil force of a state, concerned with maintenance of law and order, the detection and prevention of crime, etc,” (Collins English Dictionary, 2002). This definition states the minimum of what the police actually do. Providing support for families, protecting society from criminals and responding to calls 24 hours a day 7 days a week are just some of the other roles that police have to deal with. In this essay the evolution of the police will be discussed as well as how the police are facing challenges.
Police Officers are members of Law Enforcement whose primary responsibilities are to protect citizens and their properties, deter crime while ensuring the rights of equality and justice for all (8). It is the responsibility of Police officers to deter crime in an ethical manner by adequately patrolling their assigned beats and promoting public relations on a persistent basis. Police officers are compensated to uphold the law by removing the freedom, reputations and lives of those whom violate or attempt to violate the law (5). Although, police officers have immense authority they shall not use their position for personal or financial gain nor to evade the law (5). Police officers should conduct themselves in a professional manner with the utmost
The need for the police and the public to work together was recognized as far back as the 19th century. In 1829, the Metropolitan Police of London was established by Sir Robert Peel. Peel worked in many areas of government during his career striving to pass legislation to reform child labor laws and other statutes to help protect working Londoners. However, he is recalled by many as the “Founder of Modern Policing” (Jones, 2004). During his time as British Home Secretary, Peel took on lowering London’s rising crime rate, in addition to reforming the criminal code of the time. Peel’s police force was uniformed and its members were taken from the people it served. He believed this, along with strict discipline, was a key to keeping law and order in the streets of London (Jones, 2004).
The origins of law enforcement can be traced back to English roots. The first incorporated stages of policing involved kin policing which “involved families, clans, and tribes enforcing informal rules and customs,” in the community in order to keep the peace. Law enforcement refers to any system by which some members of society act in an organized manner to enforce the law by “preventing, detecting, and investigating.”(Worrall & Schmalleger, 2013, p. 2) People who violated the rules and normal behaviors of the governing system, would be prosecuted in a court of law. The evolution of policing developed into watches, constables, and sheriffs, who took care of their communities. This method of policing eventually changed, when the Greek and Roman Empire took over.
The police are amongst the powerful agents of the state. They can disrupt the daily routines of citizens more than any other public official by deciding who shall be stopped, who shall be detained, who shall be arrested, and who shall go free. Cao (2015) stated, “Confidence in the police is the preferred choice when we survey the citizenry about the level of support for the police and when the police is evaluated as a political institution” (para. 1). Not even the president of the United States has their immediate and direct power over life and death. Yet despite their awesome capacities, until recently they have been studied little by social scientists or philosophers.
The communities’ had no faith in the police, or respect. Which resulted in a rise of crime. The officers where so busy doing the politician’s work that they were neglecting their duties, which was to serve and protect. Changed needed to happen, and Mr. August Vollmer and O.W Wilson help the efforts. Mr. Vollmer was credited with starting the first college and training program for police out in California. That would help give the police a new image, and the training they needed, and what was expected of them as police officers. All the changes was need to separate the ties between officers and Politian’s. The police where given police cars, state of the art new equipment to help them fight crime. As the newly trained police officers started hitting the streets. They quickly realized that despite the remodeling of the police force, the criminals and crimes was revolving also. Which lead to some citizens felling that they were not getting equal treatment. Which lead to community uproar, which lead to police officers picking and choosing when they wanted to do police
In summation, corruption still lingers in many police departments. Although the government has acknowledged these criminal acts, many officials tend to turn a blind eye toward the nature of the crimes. Many law enforcement personnel practice the code of silence in order to protect one another however commissions have been formed to thwart this disturbing behavior. As a result, many departments have turned to internal and external procedures to help combat this on-going concern. While the public becomes weary of police tactics, the government has begun to step up its strategy in the fight against police dishonesty. Police corruption will continue to haunt the nation as long as police officials believe they are above the law.
Cordner, G. W. (2016). Police Administration, 9th Edition. Waltham, MA: Routledge Publishing. P. 391. Retrieved July 21, 2017, from https://www.betheluniversityonline.net/cps/default.aspx?SectionID=5753&tabid=154#1
This textbook shared valuable information regarding the history of the criminal justice system, and more specifically the history of the police in America and England. It was most valuable for its discussion about Sir Robert Peel and his reforms to policing.
When an individual enters the criminal justice system, it always begins with the police. So in order for police to be involved in any situation, there has to be a crime committed or violation of any law which has been put in place by the government. As the police act as the enforcement agents of these laws, they are the first ones to be involved. There are four steps that police follows when there is a crime – the crime itself, the report of the crime, the investigation of the crime, and the arrest to finish this process – these are the very basic avenues which police follows.
“Police Officers take risks and secure that safety of fellow citizens, and they endure such risks and tolerate such inconveniences on behalf of strangers” (International Association of Chief of Police). In this paper I will be talking about the history, skill set, duties, training, education, job outlook, and more for being a police officer.
America’s first known system of law enforcement originated in Boston more than 350 years ago. Almost as soon as settlers landed on the shores of the “New World”, a system of policing was put into place. This system was structured after the English system and included positions such as constables, watchmen, and sheriffs. As society progressed, so did the system of law enforcement. Law enforcement has grown into a well-honed system that incorporates technology and problem solving strategies into daily operations.