The Dutch influence on Indonesian History A bag of nutmeg back in the colonization era could buy you a house in downtown London. Nutmeg was a very well known and expensive kind of spice back then in Indonesia, voyagers from other countries would sail across the world to get a bag of it (Legacy of the Dutch). The price of nutmeg was approximately 119 rupees, or in Indonesian, rupiah, it would be 24,000 rupiah (the Dutch east India company and economy of Bengal). Nutmeg was a spice that was very valuable to the Dutch back then and also to Indonesia. Spices were very valuable in the colonization era back then, one of the most valuable spices were nutmeg, nutmeg is a spice that was used as sickness remedies for certain kinds of sicknesses such as colds and fevers. Nutmeg was believed to be used for curing headaches, fever, and even bad breath, nutmeg could be used for cooking and was believed to be able to cure plagues, during those times, nutmeg was considered very expensive, one bag of nutmeg was enough to provide someone with enough …show more content…
Nutmeg was a very valuable spice or commodity, it was a national treasure in Indonesia, the Dutch, and voyagers around the world found out about these spices through globalization trades, and because of this, Indonesia was very famous, people would go there to seek the spices (Legacy of the Dutch). During the colonial period of dominance of the Dutch, people aimed for the nutmeg, because not only was it expensive, but it was a medicine that could help you recover from pain, and sickness (what is nutmeg good for?). When voyagers obtained even one clove of Nutmeg, it was like a dream come true, because it was so valuable and rare to even get one clove, and some voyagers managed to get a whole bag. Nutmeg was a very useful and valuable commodity, because it was a cold, cough, pain remedy that could cure and costs thousands back
The Penobscot (Panawahpskek) are a sovereign people indigenous to what is now Maritime Canada and the northeastern United States, particularly Maine. They were and are significant participants in the historical and present Wabanaki Confederacy along with the Passamaquoddy, Maliseet and Mi'kmaq nations.
Throughout the Middle Ages, cities in Afro-Eurasia grew as trade centers due to advantages such as faster transportation from the waters of the ocean. Calicut brought merchants together from all around Asia because the government protected them through laws and policies, also of their spices exclusively pepper. As a result of the exchanges happening in Calicut, there was a war between Calicut, Portuguese and Chinese forces heavily armed with men and many lethal weapons. People from China and Portugal wanted to trade for Calicuts specialties, specialties like spices especially pepper that made them more wanted than others. From trading people inherited culture, religion, and ups and downs from trade.
Chapter 1: Introduction The problem of internal revolt is inherent to all empires, as it is difficult to consistently maintain authority over a large and diverse population. Although empires have taken steps to prevent a loss of control from occurring, even the utmost vigilance has either not been enough, or has lapsed long enough for a revolt to occur. The resulting uprising might be minor, or it might be serious enough to threaten a crucial territory. How empires have dealt with a major internal revolt is instructive in several ways: it tests whether or not the empire's military is strong enough to deal with revolts, it tests the ability of the ruler or the ruling class to maintain their authority in the face of the challenge, and it provides a way to examine an empire's policies by looking at which ones may have contributed to the revolt, and which were changed or introduced in its aftermath.
A mostly non violent conflict that occasionally flared into brutality. And indirectly contributed to the collapse of the Roman Empire that spent two digit tonnes of gold on importing spices annually, which later helped spread the plague to Italy. Later in the 16th century the English and Dutch stepped up to compete in spice trade and global violence. Some regimes were established to control nutmeg and mace production. Locals were enslaved for workforce, power was ruthlessly enforced by mercenary samurai warriors hired in Japan and problematic villages razed. Spices commanded such high prices because of the mystery surrounding them as well as their string flavors and strong, pleasant scents. Battles were fought over control od the spice trade, especially by the Portuguese, but in the end, as people grew tired of over spiced food, and the mystery surrounding the spice’s origins were discovers, spices greatly decreased in value. However, the spice trade influenced explores to go out in search of new trade routes to cut out Muslim middlemen, discovering new routes to Asia and even the discovery of the
Prior to the 1650’s, the Dutch Republic was the wealthiest and most powerful province in Holland through Amsterdam, the leading force in trade and banking. Many European nations were jealous of their success and wanted it for themselves which resulted in conflicts between the Dutch and many European powers. As a result, the Dutch Republic entered a period of decline until the Peace of Utrecht of 1713. The expensive wars with England and France, decline in trade and distrust between the Dutch provinces led to challenges in security, unity and prosperity of the Republic.
Though, the origin of the cacao bean is indefinite, the first instant that Europeans encountered cacao beans is alleged to have been in 1502 between Christopher Columbus and the ancient Mayan civilization. Initial impressions were less than satisfactory. Christopher Columbus having believed the beans were “shriveled almonds” (Rosenblum 6), . During Hernan Cortez’s voyage to the Aztec Empire of the Americas during 1517, he was introduced to the Emperor Montezuma’s favorite drink “chocolatl”. Though, he also was not very appreciative of the drink, Cortez was fascinated with the very idea that cacao beans were used as a form of currency among the Aztec. The Spanish would pay Aztec laborers in cacao beans, as they would load their treasure ships with deposits of silver and gold. For this reason, the Spanish nicknamed the cacao bean “black gold” (Lopez 19). Still, it was Spanish monks and missionaries who recognized the value of cacao beans as a medial t...
Race shouldn’t be the way how people are seen and treated. In the book “Dutchman and The slave” by LeRoi Jones (Amiri Baraka) demonstrates the racial problems of how people with different color see each other. The Dutchman and The slave misjudgement of race that all race with same color are the same. This judgement shows how the world see other people with different ethnicity, culture, and race different from them. This misunderstanding cause big wars and fights between people of different race. Dutchman and The Slave has a huge meaning surrounding the racial problems within the book which draws readers intention to refer with the world outside and how it 's the same and different. These two plays gives the diversity of the world and its inception.
Christopher Columbus set sail in 1492 to find a quicker, more efficient trade route with China; however, he miscalculated and ended up in the landed in the Bahamas. Although this would turn out to be an astounding discovery, it was mainly viewed as a failure during the time. With this expedition, Columbus opened brand new trading options. Columbus also, however, opened new pathways for disease. In Columbus’s journals that he established during his expeditions, he writes about how “… All of them go as naked as their mothers bore them…”(Sources from the Past p 474), this sparked an idea of trade in Columbus’s mind. Since the natives there did not wear clothes, he would be able to trade those clothes
In 1606, Henry Hudson presented the Muscovy Trading Company with a daring plan for reaching eastern Asia. Henry Hudson was commissioned by the Muscovy Trading Company in 1607 to lead the ship, Hopewell, to go on an expedition north of the european continent. The company even paid Henry 130 pounds of money! The reason Henry Hudson went exploring is to find a northwest passage to Asia so that it would be easier to trade with China. In that time, spices, were the most treasured goods Western traders traded from the East. They wanted to find a more faster way to tra...
In an article by Ellen Rowland from Natural Life Magazine, she states that Mesopotamians distilled essential oils from plants over 5000 years ago. Ancient civilizations of Rome, Egypt, India, and Greece used oils for perfume; India used oils for massage health treatments (Rowland 17). Pharmacists Manon and Widder in their article, “Essentials of Essential Oils”, state that therapeutic use of essential oils became popular in 1910 when books such as chemist Rene-Maurice Gattefosse’s, “Aromatherapie”, and Marguerite Maury’s “Guide to Aromatherapy: The Secret of Life and Youth” were published. Reports are that Gattefossie healed the burns he received in a laboratory explosion with lavender oil. Maury centered on personalized blends to aid in emotional and physical balance (e154). The use of essential oils is also documented throughout the Bible; “And the Lord said unto Moses, Take unto thee sweet spices…with pure frankincense…and thou shalt make it a perfume, a confection after the art of the apothecary, tempered together, pure and holy” (King James Version, Exodus 30: 34-35). Gifts of frankincense and myrrh were presented to the Christ child by the Wise Men (Matt 2:11); myrrh and cloves were used to anoint the body of the beloved Savoir after His crucifixion (John 19:39-40). These are just a few examples of how essential oils were utilized throughout
Sesame (Sesamun indicum) seeds are edible seeds grown from the tropical oilseed plant that bears the same name. The sesame plant is also thought to be one of the oldest cultivated plants in the world (Hansen, 2011). This plant is chronicled to have existed about 3000 years ago in Babylon and in Egypt, and is said to have originated in sub- Saharan Africa (Hansen, 2011). Although the sesame plant originated in Africa, through commerce and trade it has reached the entire globe. The sesame plant is now grown throughout the world.
Generally, textbooks, articles, and essays talk about America’s “occupation,” “supervision” or “intervention” in the Philippines. They seem to be afraid to use the word “colonization.” According to Webster’s Dictionary the definition of colonization is, “The colonial system of political government or extension of territory, by which one nation exerts political control over another nation, territory, or people, maintaining the colony in a state of dependence, its inhabitants not having the same full rights as those of the colonial power. The controlling power is typically extended thus by military force or the threat of force” (6). In his book analyzing Japanese Assimilation Policies in Colonial Korea, Mark Caprio makes a distinction between two different “levels” of colonialism: external and internal. He states that external colonization is what Hannah Arendt calls “overseas imperialism…where their indirect policy exerted minimal effort to forge political, social, or cultural bonds with the peoples under their jurisdiction” (2). Although this is the way the French colonized, the United States seem to adopt the British way of colonizing, which is Caprio’s second level of colonization or internal colonization. This is what Benedict Anderson describes as “inventing nations” (Caprio 2). It requires that the colonial power send ambassadors to impress its culture upon the colony through controlling things such as dialect, media, education, and military (Caprio 2). Caprio also mentions, “The decision to colonize, as well as the administration to administer the colonized, was based primarily on the needs and interests of the colonizer’s subject; those of the colonized object received minimal consideration” (2). Therefore, a colony serves...
However, due to the effects of globalization, modern African cuisine and cooking draws upon an assortment of ethnic traditions merged with the seasonings and tastes of outside countries (AIG, 2011). In general, European explorers and traders introduced several important food staples to t...
This increase in production caused a change at the consumption end. When sugar was first being produced it was seen as a luxury product only accessible to the rich, but then as its production increased and there was a surge amount in the market place its uses changed. It went from being a specialized product used for medicinal, ritual, or for display purposes to a common everyday food substitute. Now the working class people began more than ever to consume large quantities of sugar as a substitute to their calorie lacking diet. The production of sugar in the British West Indies was not able to keep pace with the demands from the mother country. When the supply from the British West Indies increased so did England’s demand for the crop. It seemed like from the middle of the eighteen century onward the islands were never able to produce more sugar than what was consumed by the people in the mother country. “English sugar consumption increased about four-fold in the last four decades of the eighteenth century, 1700-40, and more than doubled again from 1741-45 to 1771-75 (Mintz 1985) . As the English began to incorporate more amounts of sugar into their daily diets they began to find multiple uses of the commodity. Sugar soon developed into a stable product in the lives of people. With the increased use of sugar in multiple forms of consumption it changed from its previous classification as a spice to its own separate category. The use of this newly popular commodity did not lose any popularity as the years passed. Britain became a leading exporter of sugar crops into the world market, with majority of the supply going to feed their own peoples ravenous appetite. In 1800 British consumption of sugar had increased some 2,500 percent in...
The Philippine literature in different era have specific characteristics: Pre-Colonial period literature characterized based on oral traditions, crude on ideology and phraseology.; Spanish Colonization period literature have the characteristics of having two distinct classification the religious and secular. It introduced Spanish as the medium of communication.; Revolutionary period literature characterized by planted seed of nationalism in Filipinos, language shifted from Spanish to Tagalog, and addressed the masses instead of the "intelligentsia".; American Colonization period literature talks about Filipino Writers imitated English