Topic: Access to Hard to Reach Groups in Indonesia
Introduction
The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) put much emphasis on the attainment of the universal health coverage, globally (1). However, ensuring that health services are accessible to the geographically hard to reach groups remain a critical challenge for most countries (2). Health services in many countries contend with extensively large geographical distances, impassable roads as well as completely isolated islands from the mainstream country and important cities (3).
This essay will discuss about Indonesia, an archipelago with over 17,000 islands (4) in the South East Asia. Indonesia has been selected because of the huge number of geographically isolated islands and the competing
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Despite missing on the WHO Building Blocks (12) , availability of the health infrastructure is crucial in all the islands of Indonesia as they provide shelter for services like maternity, in-patient, laboratory and pharmaceutical services. In addition, the rural health facilities are permanent structures which can last long and create demand for health services as well as helping in advocating for the deployment of health workers. This worked in India whereby the construction of a rural health centre by the Jamkhed Project exerted pressure on the government to start deploying health workers to a very remote area (13). Furthermore, the construction of rural health facilities will strengthen the delivery of integrated health programs that can be responsive to the needs of the communities in Indonesia especially if there is an active involvement of the local people in the decision making …show more content…
For example, influential people like the politicians can dictate the choice for the construction site without considering accessibility factors (16). However, community participation and critical guidance from government can mitigate this limitation. By engaging the local communities and their leaders in India, Jamkhed Project mitigated the political interference and proved that community participation is critical in addressing such challenges (13). In addition, the staffing challenge can be addressed by the recruitment and training of the CHA/P to manage the rural health facilities as the case for the clinical officers who are providing health services in the remotes facilities in Malawi with good health outcomes
... it needs (four thousand instead of the needed twelve thousand) and nearly ten percent of the doctors (three hundred instead of the needed three thousand) for a population of over fourteen million. Malawi is the perfect example for a show of how destructive the Structural Adjustment Programs can be for a developing country and how much power it can give to the IFIs that they (an outer entity) can overrule the demands of a sovereign government and can thus have far greater influence over a country’s economy and development than the country’s government itself.
Urban poverty driven by globalization and rapid uncontrolled urbanization also needs to be recognized as a social, political, and cultural process that has profound impacts on health care system. However, structural factors that contribute creating poor urban population are not taken into count. Addressing urban poverty as an urgent health care issue opens a policy space for fairer health opportunities and healthier and more equitable cities. Therefore, poor health care is a product of global and local forces in the urban setting. For example, Arline and Geronimus, emphasize that rate of mortality increases in urban areas of concentrated poverty. Furthermore, chronic diseases are key contributors to mortality and health inequalities
The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), otherwise known as the Global Goals, are a universal call to action to end poverty, protect the planet and ensure that all people enjoy peace and prosperity. Among the 17 goals the third goal is to achieve good health and well-being (UNDP). To achieve this goal, it is definitely known that passing the obstacles available in the overall activities performed to bring about health and well-being. The third goal in its sub goal gives attention on achieving universal health coverage which is an ongoing process for every country as they work to ensure that all people receive the health services they need without experiencing financial hardship. How these financial hardships can be minimized?
In conclusion, the ultimate significance to this type of work is to improve the quality of healthcare in these extremely impoverished nations. This argument is represented in Tracy Kidder’s Mountains Beyond Mountains, Monte Leach’s “Ensuring Health Care as a Global Human Right”, and Darshark Sanghavi’s “Is it Cost Effective to Treat the World’s Poor.” The idea that universal healthcare is a human right is argued against in Michael F. Cannon’s “A “Right” to health care?” Cannon claims that it would not work, and fills the holes that the other authors leave in their arguments. All of these articles share the same ultimate goal, and that is to provide every individual with adequate health care, and to not let so many people die from things that could easily have been prevented or treated.
Marmot in his famous article titled Social Determinants of Health Inequalities firmly stated that actions targeted to improve healthcare access should not be focused only on healthcare system but rather on the social determinants of health. Marmot reiterated that health inequalities, disparities and social determinants of health are totally preventable through more inclusive wider social policies. He insists that inequalities of health between and within geographical areas can be reduced through positive actions.3 And such actions should be focused towards improving the social determinants of health in all areas to give everyone equal access to healthcare services.2-3 Explaining that lack of healthcare access are driven by SDOH, Marmot further argues that health cannot be improved by itself alone, but by enhancing those factors that determine health.
Pramoedya Ananta Toer’s This Earth of Mankind is an allegorical novel describing the growth of protagonist Minke during the pre-awakening of colonized Java. Set in 1898 during the period of imperial Dutch domination over all aspects of Javan life, the novel provides a clear image of the political and social struggles of a subjugated people through the point of view of a maturing youth. Using several of his novel’s major characters as allegorical symbols for the various stages of awareness the citizens of Java have of Indonesia’s awakening as a modern nation, Toer weaves together an image of the rise of an idyllic post-colonial Indonesia with modern views of Enlightenment ideals.
Access to health care in Ethiopia has left many people without proper health care and eventual death. Millions of people living in Ethiopia die because of the lack of access to the health care system; improving the access to the healthcare system in Ethiopia can prevent many of the deaths that occur, but doing so will pose a grueling and challenging task. According to Chaya (2012), poor health coverage is of particular concern in rural Ethiopia, where access to any type of modern health institution is limited at best (p. 1). If citizen of Ethiopia had more accessibility of the healthcare system more individuals could be taught how to practice safe health practices. In Ethiopia where HIV, and maternal and infant mortality rates are sky high, more education on the importance of using the healthcare system and makin...
There are many inequities in this global world; should there be such gross inequities in the health of people around the world? We hear words like health gap, health care inequality and sustainability. What can be done to eliminate the health gap, health care inequities and maintain sustainability? The World Health Organization (WHO) and other organizations, private and public are working towards eliminating these disparities. Healthy People 2020 are one such goal that has achieved considerable progress in attaining sustainability in the pursuit of global health goals (Gostin et al., 2013). The health gap can be minimized through health strategies. Among them are essentials for all in this global world; clean air, water, healthy food and adequate housing with hygienic living conditions. Primary, secondary, tertiary prevention and care services should be available to all who seek health care services.
According to the World Bank, the budget for 2014 universal health care system of Indonesia was at 4.86 billion dollars to care for 240 million people (N. Mboi 2015). And about 80000 villages. The healthcare system is a universal health care system that 's run by the government of Indonesia called, Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional (JKN). The health care system is seeing overseen by the Minister of Health. It 's interesting to note that just as Britain the wealthy do not utilize this health care system and in the fact that of 1800 hospitals 650 of them are private those private hospitals do you not meet the accreditation of the Ministry of Health but that doesn 't stop the wealthy from continuing to go to these facilities. Girl according to the World Health Organization Indonesia ranks 92nd out of 190 countries in the same rating system it 's worth noting that Britain ranks 18th. Now let 's look at the dominant characteristics of
(2009) [19] argued that, while task shifting holds great promise, any long-term success of task shifting hinges on serious political and financial commitments. For effective implementation, task shifting requires a comprehensive and integrated reconfiguration of health teams, changed scopes of practice and regulatory frameworks and enhanced training infrastructure, as well as the availability of reliable medium- to long-term funding, with time frames of 20 to 30 years instead of three to five years. The concept and practice of community participation need to be revisited. They also argued that task shifting strategies require leadership from national governments to ensure supporting regulatory framework, regulating the implementation of enabling policies, support and guide training institutions, and ensure adequate resources, and using the support of the multiple stakeholders. With such willingness, attitude, and leadership to learn from those with relevant experience (for example, various countries from Africa like Brazil, Ethiopia, Malawi, Mozambique, and Zambia), task shifting can make a vital contribution to building cost-effective, balanced, sustainable, and equitable health care systems.
The island of Bali is a city among the islands of Indonesia, located east of Java and west of Lombak in the Indian Ocean. As stated in “The Anthropological Romance of Bali 1597-1972,” Bali is “in the very center of the Indonesian archipelago” (Boon 1). This island is part of the largest nation in size and population in Southeast Asia.
London, England. The.. London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine n.d., Session 5: The role of the state. in global health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, England. Ricci J.
Indonesia is the largest country in Southeast Asia. Consists of more than 18,000 islands, Indonesia provides a beautiful views, cultures, and tourist resort. The 7 most famous tourist resort in Indonesia are Bali Island, Jakarta, Comodo Island, Raja Ampat, Lombok Island, Bunaken Beach, Borobudur Temple and Special Administration of
Although there are some public sector healthcare centers, most of the healthcare providers in Nepal are in the private sector. Many healthcare providers, both public and private, are located in the larger urban cities of Kathmandu, Pokhara, and Biratnagar (Nepal, 2015). This leaves the mountains and rural poverty stricken areas without any access to adequate or affordable healthcare. Nepal (2015) reports the ratio of healthcare providers to the general population in Nepal is significantly lower than the World Health Organizations standard. Nepal only has accommodations for five hospital beds per 1,000 people, which further illustrates Nepal’s lack of healthcare resources (South Asia,
Indonesia is the world’s largest archipelago. Archipelago is a large group of islands. Indonesia is composed of more than 17, 000 islands. West Indonesian Time zone, East Indonesian Time Zone, and East Indonesian Time Zone are the three climate zones in Indonesia. Indonesia is geographically located between the Indian Ocean and the Pacific Ocean. Its area is slightly less than three times the state of Texas. Indonesia borders East Timor, Malaysia, and Papua New Guinea. The climates in this country are tropical humid and tends to be more moderate in the highlands. Petroleum, natural gas, nickel, timber, bauxite, copper, fertile soil, gold, and silver are Indonesia’s natural resources. There are occasional floods, severe droughts, earthquakes, and volcanoes that occur every so often. Indonesia’s population is 205,000,000 people and 88% of the population is Muslim. Javanese is the main language. The capital of Indonesia is Jakarta. Indonesians have many brilliant ways of celebrating certain celebrations. I am going to be writing about celebrations in Indonesia such as: Indonesian’s Independence Day, a Traditional Wedding Ceremony, the Seventh Month of Pregnancy, and Ramadan.