According to Andin 2004, the nature of motor learning is that movement patterns used by the performer are not exact repetitions of the same act. What must be learned is a general pattern, not specific responses to exact repetitious stimuli.
Motor learning is pattern learning. Many of the specific movement patterns have been attained during the pre-school and primary school development. A high school student who tries to acquire the skill in sidearm or overhead serving in volleyball does not need to learn new and individual movement in serving, such as arm swing to hit the ball and the proper stance and other daily movements. From patterns he already possesses, he develops his own pattern of movements to develop the desired skill. The concept
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Teaching the sport’s basic skills and then moving towards the tactics of the game, as explained by Reynaud (2011). Majority of the class time was devoted to drills to develop the needed technical skills in volleyball. Reynaud (2011) says that the traditional approach often begins with warm-up, individual drills, group drills and substantial team period or scrimmage, and generally is mainly on teaching specific volleyball skills. The Philippine set-up of teaching volleyball, without the games being in between volleyball topics, leads to the idea that the approach is traditional. It also suggests to physical educators to use the traditional approach for teaching volleyball skills and sports. Lessons under this approach began by serving, then moving to passing with underhand then overhead, learning to spike and finally block for every three meetings of the same skill, until moving on to game tactics. In traditional approach typical practice sessions begins with a warm-up, followed by the teaching of a basic or advanced technical skill through one or more drills. This may be repeated for a variety of technical skills, and perhaps some instruction on tactical skills, which are practiced through a series of drills. Next the players play a practice game, or what is often called a scrimmage, during which the coach / instructor hopes that they apply the technical and tactical skills practiced in the
practice. There is a sense of joy and relief in the air as the players are satisfied with the
Dyson, Ben, Linda L. Griffen, and Peter Hastie. "Sports Education, Tactical Games, And Cooperative Learning: Theoretical and Pedagogical Considerations." N.p.: National Association for Kinesiology and Physical Education in Higher Education, n.d. 226-40. Print.
Practicing is the second major part of being on drill team. If you don’t practice you don’t look good at the performance. You practice more than you do anything else. We all know the saying practice makes perfect well this was one of my coach’s favorite sayings. I don’t care if it was twelve in the morning if we didn’t look good or as one we were going to keep practicing until we got the chorography correct and until we looked good as a team. Practicing and doing things over and over can sometimes become very
This report enabled me to observe a very fine coach. I am honoured to have given the opportunity to observe Winchester public school boys’ senior basketball team coach Tom Liu during their basketball season. Coach Liu is knowledgeable about the sport he coaches and about the development of his athletes. His qualifications include NCCP level 1: volleyball, basketball, special Olympic (technical) and NCCP level 2 Theory. After observing several basketball practices and one basketball game, I’ve come to conclude coach Liu is a well respected and a good role model for his players. He provides challenging and enjoyable practice sessions. During the practices, he is able to communicate well with the athletes. He is constantly asking for the athletes’ suggestions on how to improve their strategy as a team and what the athletes feel they should work on. This allows the athletes to be involved and to develop their thinking habits. Coach Liu also provides good corrective instructions where he would pull the athlete aside and correct their mistakes either by a...
While excelling as an inexperience basketball player, I was taught the improper mechanics and incorrect techniques on learning to shoot an appropriate jump shot. Following in my basketball career I developed as a shooting guard, leading to me being criticized for being a two-handed shooter. While blooming as an athlete and player, my college coach pointed out my distant actions and from then I grew interested in learning the research behind the mechanics I do when performing a jump shot. Because I got the opportunity...
Learning is a cognitive process which involves generating linkages between concepts, ideas, skills elements, experiences and people. This process requires the learner to make meaning of something by creating and re-working patterns, connections and relationships. From various scientific studies, it has been proved that this cognitive process is largely premised upon mental capabilities and development of the brain (intime, 2001). For people to actualize their ideas and creativities of their minds, learning is inevitable. However, the ability to learn is dissimilar for all people- some learn faster than others. This infers the notion of learning patterns. In simple terms, learning patterns can be defined as forms through people learn.
According to Coker (2015), “feedback is considered essential for motor skill acquisition as it assists in guiding the learner in modifying subsequent movement attempts” (p. 31). I believe this is partially in line with Knowledge of Performance (KP) because KP is about the nature of the movement pattern itself and it does not necessarily tell about success in terms of goal achievement (Schmidt & Lee, 2014).
Of course, during the "drill-and-practice", your muscles aren't really memorizing anything (since all memories are stored in your brain). Instead, what you see with your eyes is interpreted by your brain in the form of nerve signals to your muscles to make your body move.
Motor skills are motions carried out when the brain, nervous system, and muscles work together. The body must effectively use mind/body connection and awareness of their surroundings for the muscles and bones to develop fine and gross motor skills. Both of these motor skills start out as reflexes, the body has not learned them but they are uncontrollable movements. That is then later learned and perfected making large and...
During practice optimal motivation and excitement need to be given to players to not only insure they progress in their skill aptitude, but also to make the environment fun, creative, and innovative for all athletes involved. Martens specifically describes the “flow experience” as an “optimal” time where players aren’t too anxious or under motivated to perform (Martens, 108). Coaches can heed this advice by planning light, medium, and intense exercise drills, changing the modes of exercise, changing the environment, or through utilizing the teaching principle called the “games approach” (Martens, 154). If the “games approach” is used then the monotony of training will decrease because fun tactical activities based around in game situations will be used instead of repetitive technique drills that often bore players and inspire them to quit a sport early in season. Shaping of play with different teammates or rules, focusing of play through freeze play drills, and enhancing play through different techniques are all effective ways to utilize the games approach to improve tactical sport awareness (Martens, 156). For instance, instead of practicing soccer free kicks repeatedly, the players could do 3 on 3 games utilizing half of the field, they could limit the game to midfield and freeze at times to see whoever gets the most
My intent is to properly explain how to play a sport the different things that are required to play any the many sports out there. Learning a sport takes time, and the ability to be coachable in whatever sport you might do. In every sport your coach gives you tips on how to improve on different attributes that may help you better yourself as an athlete. These tips that are given and learned, help improve the overall ability that you have in the sport. In learning these skills you are cognitive, associative, and autonomous which help you the skills you learned and use them effectively. These theories all have something to do with process of learning that takes place in any sport played.
The Natural Human Learning Process is a process that the brain goes through when learning different skills. According to Dr. Smilkstein’s this process is divided into six steps. The first step is the motivation stage. This step is when the brain begins to gain the desire to do something for many different reasons. Sometimes, she says, we learn things because we feel as though “we have too”. The second step is the beginning practice step. This is the trial and error stage. The third step is the advanced practice stage, where you start doing the action over and over. The fourth step is the skillfulness stage, where you are starting to get really good at what you’re doing. You become more confident about your skill in this stage. The skill starts to become natural because the skill has been tried over continuously. The fifth step is the refinement stage. In this step you start to experiment with doing different things. For example the ingredients might change if the skill is cooking. In the last step mastery, is when the skill is able to be taught to others (Smilkstein).
Hearing the loud “thump” as the ball hits the racket is extremely satisfying, especially if your life now revolves around this fast-paced and exhilarating sport. Tennis is an outdoor game played by two individuals or pairs of players on a clay or grass court that’s divided by a low net. Each game is played with tennis rackets and small, yellow elastic balls. Tennis was first introduced in Wales and the United Kingdom in 1873 by “Major Walter Wingfield” (tennistheme.com). While most sports are easy to pick up, tennis takes extreme dedication to learn how to play the game, to perfect the amount of technique it takes, as well as its great impact on one’s personal life.
What makes champions in sport? At the end of the day, it is the moment when one stands at the top of the podium, holding up their well-deserved medals and trophies that all elite athletes strive for. Thus, experts have studied this question extensively to see which programs, or by what means, are elite athletes developed to achieve this goal. One of the many aspects to athlete development is the controversial topic of deliberate practice versus deliberate play. Deliberate practice can be defined as “any training activity (a) undertaken with the specific purpose of increasing performance, (b) requiring cognitive and/or physical effort, and (c) relevant to promoting positive skill development” (Cote et al., 2007, p. 185) On the other hand, deliberate play is defined as “a form of sporting activity that involves early developmental physical activities that are intrinsically motivating, provide immediate gratification, and are specifically designed to maximize enjoyment” (Cote et al., 2007, p. 185-186). The phrase “deliberate practice versus deliberate play” is a common misnomer, since the terms are portrayed as the only two options; however, this is a false dichotomy. Empirical evidence supports the fact that both aspects are essential for the development of athletes; therefore the phrase should be correctly cited as “deliberate practice and deliberate play”. This commentary will focus on discussing the importance of both deliberate practice and deliberate play for elite athlete development as well as pose some questions on talent identification and early specialization in sport.
Throughout my early childhood, I went through several different phases. I practiced an abundance of different activities such as: dance, baseball, tumbling, gymnastics, and even baton. However, none of these sports or hobbies stuck. That is, until I discovered volleyball. Never have I felt the love for something as much as I did this sport. Volleyball has had an unimaginable impact on my life in so many ways. I would not be the person I am today if not for this sport.