According to Britannica online Encyclopaedia (n.d) a coordination compound is any type of substance that has a chemical structure which contains a metal as the central atom and surrounding it are groups of non-metals which are called ligands that are bonded by coordinate covalent bonds. This means that the bonding electrons are supplied by the ligand, the central atom is a Lewis acid (electron acceptor) and the ligand is a Lewis base ( electron donor). There are many of these compounds and have different uses in a variety of fields. Some of these compounds are vitamin B12, haemoglobin, dyes and pigments, and catalysts that are mostly used in preparing organic substances. Moeller et al (……) states that of the many uses of coordination compounds, these uses relies on each compounds ability to dissolve selectively or to bind metal ions or to remove ions from solution. According to Mickey (1981) coordination compounds play important roles in homogenous and heterogeneous catalysis, water purification, analytical chemistry, solvent extraction, photography, metallurgy and electrochemistry. Coordination compounds can be found in nature, and are very vital to living organisms. These compounds occur as enzymes and are called metalloenzymes an example of these enzymes is carboxypeptidase [(CPD)Zn]. This is a hydrolytic enzyme which is important in digestion. With this compound the coordinated metal ions are the places where catalytic activity happens. In Agriculture, humic acids which are organic compounds that accumulate in the soil from decaying organic matter. These humic acids bond with metal ions in the soil that are needed by plants. They then become soluble and are transported through the soil and the metals essential to the plant are...
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...on, and the end point of the reaction is detected by the colour change that occurs in the solution.
Chemwiki UCDAVIS (n.d) claims that the colour a coordination compound has can be determined by using the Crystal field theory. These colours are then used for the creation of pigments that are used for dyes in the industry of textiles. Coordination compounds are able to form these colours because their absorption energy falls within the range of the visible light spectrum. The colour that is visible in all chemical compounds is an indicator of the physical properties of the substance at atomic level.
When ligands are bonded to a transitional metal when forming a coordination compound a split of the d-orbital occurs. It is split into high and low energy orbitals, this energy difference is referred to as∆ and this delta is a property of both the ligand and the metal.
The primary goal of this laboratory project was to identify an unknown compound and determine its chemical and physical properties. First the appearance, odor, solubility, and conductivity of the compound were observed and measured so that they could be compared to those of known compounds. Then the cation present in the compound was identified using the flame test. The identity of the anion present in the compound was deduced through a series of chemical tests (Cooper, 2009).
A spectrum is a group of light wavelengths that are ordered in relation to their wavelength length. The electromagnetic spectrum consists radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible, ultraviolet, X-rays and gamma rays. (1)Specifically, this lab looks at the visible light part of the spectrum because one of the colors in the visible light spectrum is shine through the sample. The visible light spectrum consists of colors of red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, and violet. The color chosen to be shine through the sample is affected by the color of sample when mixed with the indicator Ammonium Vanadomolybdate (AMV). The color on the color wheel that is opposite of the solution’s color is the color that is shined through the
The diazonium ion is reasonably stable in aqueous solution at 0°C; on warming up it will form the phenol. A versatile functional group, it will undergo all the reactions depicted there as well as couple to aromatic rings activated with substituents such as amino and hydroxyl groups to form the huge class of azo dyes.
However, there is no color change at end point of these reactions, so an indicator had to be added into the solutions to indicate the end point. An indicator is a chemical which is used to indicate the presence of the another substance in the solution; it changes colors when the ions H+ are added or removed by dissociation reaction. In this experiment, phenolphthalein was used as an indicator to indicate the presence of base in a solution by changing the color of the solution from colorless into pink. When the concentration of H+ is low, the solution becomes pink, and when the concentration of ions H+ is high, it becomes clear. The equivalent point is determined when there is a color change from colorless into light pink, and it is also an approximation of the end point. The concentrations were calculated by the equation M1V1 = M2V2, which means that the moles number of the base must equal to the moles number of an acid. The mole ratio in these reactions are 1:1 that means the moles’ number of the first reactant is equal to the moles’ number of the second one at the end
About 10,000 diverse species of pigments and dyes are used in industries, which show that an annual use of almost 7×105 tonnes in world. Dyes are intractable and toxic materials, they oppose biological breakdown (Souza et al., 2007).
Chemistry is also beneficial in studying the chemical construction of hair dye and therefore learning how and why it works. The first safe commercial hair color was created in 1909 by French chemist Eugene Schuller, using the chemical paraphenylenediamine.
After the negative images are developed, the undeveloped emulsion remaining provides positive images by "reversal." The remaining emulsion is exposed (chemically or with light) and the film developed a second time with a different developer. As it converts the light-sensitive silver compounds to metallic silver, the developer becomes oxidized and combines with "coupler" compounds to produce dyes.
Have you ever wondered why yellow makes you irritated? Why purple makes you feel happy? Why green calms you? Why orange helps you feel energized? Many people think that colors are just colors. But in reality, colors have been useful throughout the years as they have an huge impact on our lives. Many of us need to be aware of colors that surround us in everyday life.
Hue is the common name for the colours in the spectrum which are red, orange, yellow, green, blue, and violet. A pigment is a colouring ag...
Now that we have established color as a storytelling tool, we can begin to talk about color for aesthetic reasons. The following information on color palettes comes from the article How To Use Color In Film: 50+ Examples of Movie Color Palettes by Mary Risk. Color palettes are the major colors used in a film. There are five main color palettes; monochromatic, complementary, analogous, triadic, and discordant. Also, although these color palettes are used mainly for aesthetic purposes, that does not mean that there are no psychological elements.
Zinc is an essential trace element for many living organisms. While this can be said about other essential metals, zinc is unique in its physiochemical properties that give it the ability to interact with donor groups of different ligands, resulting in a broad range of stability constants and diversity of the biological functions and processes that zinc is involved in. It was discovered and recognized as a new metal in the eightieth century, While its biological essentiality was found by Raulin for the growth of Aspergillus niger In 1869 [1]. In 1933 Zinc was found essential for the growth of animals while studying its effect on rats. [2]
Without compounds of sodium life could not exist. In body tissues these compounds hold water, and sodium can cause death when you have a severe deficiency of sodium. Sodium compounds solutions are also found in blood. In the manufacture of chemicals and pharmaceuticals Sodium compounds are used in the production of hundreds of every day products, industry, in metallurgy, and in sodium vapor lamps. Table salt or sodium chloride is one of...
In the world of fascinating sights, colors are all are found everywhere in all sorts of ways. Colors are put into categories and types depending on what one is looking at. Some categories of colors may include: value-tints/shades, complementary colors, analogous colors, cool colors, warm colors, and neutral colors. The types of colors within these categories include: primary, secondary, tertiary, complementary, analogous, active and passive colors. These types and categorizes can be seen in a circular diagram that is divided by hue, saturation, and value called, the color wheel. The color wheel consists of all colors that are within the visible spectrum. The electromagnetic spectrum A basic color wheel includes: red, orange, yellow, green, indigo, and violet. As one looks cl...
Titration is a technological process in which a solution, known as a titrant, is slowly and carefully added from a burrette into a fixed volume of another solution (known as the sample). In an acid-base titration an acid neutralizes a base or vice versa. This process is maintained untill the reaction between the titrant and the sample (acid and the base) is judged to be complete. The reaction is judged to be complete when the endpoint is reached. An endpoint in a titration analysis is referred to as the point at which no more titrant is added due to an observable colour change of an indicator. Indicators can be used to find an endpoint because they change colour when the pH of a solution changes and an endpoint in a titration is an empirical approximation of the equivalence point, which is the point of major pH change in the titration sample due to the fact that equal chemical amounts of reactants have been combined at that point. All indicators have a pH range, which is the range of pH values at which the colour of the indicator changes. Thus
neutralized by the base. The point was signaled by a changing of color of an