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Assess the environmental impact
Bioremediation is quizlet
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“Remediation” means to solve the problem and “Bioremediation” means to solve the problem with the help of biological agents
The term Bioremediation has been introduce to describe the process of removing of toxic waste from environment with the help of microorganisms. Bioremediation is most effective management technique to reduce the contamination of soil and recoveration of contaminated soil. Bioremediation is natural and successful cleaning technique for polluted environment.
Now a day bioremediation is widely accepted technique in world in bioremediation process mainly use of organism, yeast, fungi to clean up the contaminated site
Bioremediation technique generally classified into two way.
1) In –situ bioremediation – In, in –situ process contaminated material are treated at site
2)
Why Bioremediation is need ?
Now a day rapid industrialization is increase all over the world and industrialization and vehicles spilling of oil pipelines are contributing to increase the pollution in nearby environment because of this they will contaminated the lands and water because of oil spilling we will lose agricultural lands and productivity of soil. if it is spill in water it is not recover very early so its dangerous for human and aquatic life.
Bioremediation are most effective management technique for remediate this type of contaminations. Microorganism are very important to remediate the contaminated environment mainly aerobic and anaerobic organism are included in bioremediation process
Aerobic organisms- (in presence of oxygen)-example of aerobic bacteria are reported for the degradation of hydrocarbon is Pseudomonas ,Alcaligens , Sphingomonas , Rodococcus .
Anaerobic organism – in absence of oxygen there is no need for the degradation process.
Mechanism of
Energy is required for cells to perform various cellular activities to function such as growth and reproduction. That process of breaking organic compound, which will be food in this case, into oxygen to be used to convert into Adenosine Triphosphate or ATP for energy. Specifically this would be called Aerobic Respiration as the process uses oxygen. It’s literally how we get energy from eating and such. There are three process that occur: glycolysis, the Kreb Cycle and the Electron Transport Chain. This occurs in and outside of the mitochondria. For bacterial, the process will occur in the membrane sometimes without the presence of oxygen which is called anaerobic respiration. The first process is glycolysis which occurs in the cytosol of the cell. The food that we eat will be broken down into glucose. Glucose, a six
Bioremediation has basically no effect afterward on the earth material. When the hazardous material is gone, so are the organisms. The microorganisms won’t survive after all the contaminate is broken down, just like a snail in a fish tank without algae. This makes it so there aren't any negative side effects to the treatment. A big plus to bioremediation is the cost. Bioremediation is only $200 - 400 thousand, an easily payable plan when compared to some of the others. Even with these big pros, there is still some negatives to
" Oil is the life blood of our modern industrial society. It fuels the machines and lubricates the wheels of the world’s production. But when that vital resource is out of control, it can destroy marine life and devastate the environment and economy of an entire region…. The plain facts are that the technology of oil-- its extraction, its transport, its refinery and use-- has outpaced laws to control that technology and prevent oil from polluting the environment…" (Max, 1969). Oil in its many forms has become one of the necessities of modern industrial life. Under control, and serving its intended purpose, oil is efficient, versatile, and productive. On the other hand, when oil becomes out of control, it can be one of the most devastating substances in the environment. When spilled in water, it spreads for miles around leaving a black memory behind (Stanley, 1969).
Phytoremediation is characterized by the use of vegetative species for in situ treatment of land areas polluted by a variety of hazardous substances. (Sykes et al., 1999) Plants are especially useful in the process of bioremediation because they prevent erosion and leaching which can spread the toxic substances to surrounding areas. (United States Environmental Protection Agency, 2001) There are several types of phytoremediation being used today. These include phytoextraction, which relies upon a plant’s natural ability to take up certain substances (such as heavy metals) from the environment and sequester them in their c...
Bacterial cells, like plant cells, are surrounded by a cell wall. However, bacterial cell walls are made up of polysaccharide chains linked to amino acids, while plant cell walls are made up of cellulose, which contains no amino acids. Many bacteria secrete a slimy capsule around the outside of the cell wall. The capsule provides additional protection for the cell. Many of the bacteria that cause diseases in animals are surrounded by a capsule. The capsule prevents the white blood cells and antibodies from destroying the invading bacterium. Inside the capsule and the cell wall is the cell membrane. In aerobic bacteria, the reactions of cellular respiration take place on fingerlike infoldings of the cell membrane. Ribosomes are scattered throughout the cytoplasm, and the DNA is generally found in the center of the cell. Many bacilli and spirilla have flagella, which are used for locomotion in water. A few types of bacteria that lack flagella move by gliding on a surface. However, the mechanism of this gliding motion is unknown. Most bacteria are aerobic, they require free oxygen to carry on cellular respiration. Some bacteria, called facultatibe anaerobes can live in either the presence or absence of free oxygen. They obtain energy either by aerobic respiration when oxygen is present or by fermentation when oxygen is absent. Still other bacteria cannot live in the presence of oxygen. These are called obligate anaerobes. Such bacteria obtain energy only fermentation. Through fermentation, different groups of bacteria produce a wide variety of organic compounds. Besides ethyl alcohol and lactic acid, bacterial fermentation can produce acetic acid, acetone, butyl alcohol, glycol, butyric acid, propionic acid, and methane, the main component of natural gas. Most bacteria are heterotrophic bacteria are either saprophytes or parasites. Saprophytes feed on the remains of dead plants and animals, and ordinarily do not cause disease. They release digestive enzymes onto the organic matter. The enzymes breakdown the large food molecules into smaller molecules, which are absorbed by the bacterial cells. Parasites live on or in living organisms, and may cause disease. A few types of bacteria are Autotrophic, they can synthesize the organic nutrients they require from inorganic substances. Autotrophic bacteria are either photosynthetic or Chemosynthetic. The photosynthetic bacteria contain chlorophyll that are different from the plant chlorophyll. In bacterial photosynthesis, hydrogen is obtained by the splitting of compounds other than water.
Biofilms can form on many surfaces, including natural aquatic systems, human teeth, medical devices like artificial heart valves and catheters, living tissues, water distribution systems, etc. Biological wastewater treatment methods can be subcategorized into dispersed growth systems and attached growth systems. Biofilms fall under the latter category (Sehar & Naz, 2016). In attached growth systems, microbes get attached to a surface to form a biofilm.
Activate sludge system: Using natural biological such bacteria in which they help to remove contaminant.
Microbial decomposition releases nutrients into the environment that are needed by other organisms. Microbes are also involved in the cycling of many other important compounds in — and between — ecosystems, including oxygen, carbon and nitrogen. Many microbes use the energy of sunlight to convert carbon dioxide to oxygen, which we need to breathe. As they do this, they create new organic material — themselves — which are then eaten by other organisms. In this way, the cycling of nutrients and energy
In nature, water is cleaned through the hydrologic cycle, but in the human world, that process is no longer enough. Humans add to the compounds of water and need to additionally work to remove our pollutants from used water.
Anaerobic Digestion is a natural process where plant and animal materials (biomass) are broken down by micro-organisms in the absence of air.
Firstly, restoration undergoes the processes of human intervention and disturbance. It could never be as natural as it was born (P. 178). Moreover, it is fake because of imitation of natural. Some people may argue that ecosystem restoration is a deception for it changes people’s knowledge to the natural environment. According to Katz (P. 179), “a natural system, by contrast, is one that lacks a purpose imposed from outside. Instead, free from human domination, an autonomous natural system is one that ‘pursues its own independent course of development’ (P.
Clean water supply is essential in establishing and maintaining a healthy community. There are two sources of water supply which are the surface water and ground water. Most natural waters are not suitable for consumption as it is contaminated by pathogens and also natural chemicals and minerals. In addition, as a city grew, wastes from human activities contaminate most of the water supplies. Water treatment plays an important role to properly treat a contaminated source of water supply in order to protect the health of consumers. Water treatment process is defined as a process of eliminating pollutants from untreated water to produce a biologically and chemically risk-free water, which is both potable and palatable for human consumption (SAJ Holdings Sdn Bhd., n.d.). There are six important steps in water treatment process, namely screening, aeration, coagulation and flocculation, sedimentation, filtration and lastly, disinfection (refer to Figure 1 in Appendix 1).
The resources which are affected includes: Water, Air, and Soil. The degradation also impacts our: Wildlife, Plants, Animals, and Micro-organisms
We can achieve a successful oxidation by boiling gently under reflux with acidified sodium dichromate. The fourth practical is to distillate ethanoic acid solution; this is the continuation of the third practical and involves distilling the mixture to obtain a reasonably pure sample of ethanoic acid. The final practical is the filtration of ethanoic acid solution; this involves determining the actual % yield of ethanoic acid by titration against 0.05 M sodium hydroxide. Practical one Equation yeast will carry out anaerobic respiration, using the glucose to enable it to grow and multiply. The equation above shows what the yeast will accomplish inside the bioreactor.
Enviromental Degration is a large threat to the world today because it can leave long term ecological effects, some of which can demolish whole enviroments. In some cases enviromental surroundings are divided. Environmental degradation is the loosing of the earth or deterioration of the environment through consumption of assets, for example, air, water and soil. The destruction of environments and the rid of wildlife. Environmental degradation can happen in a number of ways. At the point when environments are wrecked or common assets are exhausted, the environment is considered to be corrupted and harmed. There are a number of different techniques that are being used to prevent this, including environmental resource protection and general protection