The term, “Ichthyosis”, is a skin disorder generally causing dry, scaly skin. It is affecting around 1 in 250 people and is typically an autosomal dominant inherited disease; although, a rare non-heritable version called “acquired ichthyosis” exists to this day in modern age. The condition is not life-threatening, however, the impact on the patient, if it is a mild case, is commonly regulated to mild itching and the social impression of having skin with an unusual appearance will affect those surrounding the person tremendously. People afflicted with mild cases acquire symptoms which comprises scaly patches on the shins, fine white scales on the forearms and upper arms, and rough palms. These severe cases involve the “build-up” of scales everywhere. Furthermore, when the “build-up” of scales are depraved, the person with a severe case suffers from "prickly itch" when he or she needs to sweat but cannot because of the scales. Various contemporary treatments are available to "exfoliate" the scales. These include lotions that contain alpha-hydroxy acids.
There are numerous types of inherited ichthyosis, in which most involve only the skin – therefore, some regions of the skin may be more severely affected than the other parts of the body. Some types of ichthyosis involve internal organs as well as the skin and are referred to as syndromic types of ichthyosis – however, there is an increase within the tendency to categorize inherited ichythyosis from the gene that caused it. They are usually categorized by clinical appearance. The types are: ichthyosis vulgaris, which is characterized by mild skin scaling and dryness and is a recessive X-linked ichthyosis, epidermolytic ichthyosis or epidermolytic hyperkeratisis, which is characteriz...
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... or sources of the disorder, as well as coming up with more effective treatments. Although, the genes that are accountable for the majority of ichthyosis situations have been characterized; there are a select number of people who have the disease and do not have a genetic alteration in one of their known DNA strands. For that reason, investigators will continue to search for genes involved in the disease. They, additionally, are searching for countless methods in order to influence the affected genes to prevent the ailment. Other scientists are occupied by developing pharmaceutical conducts, containing original moisturizers or provisions in which softens the outer layer of skin and cause it to retain in more humidity than it would usually have. An example of this would be a new production of topical “keratolytics” in which comforts or relaxes the keratin in the nail.
To begin we will look at the integumentary system and its entire multitude of functions. The main components of the integumentary system are the skin, hair, nails, glands and nerves. For the purpose of this paper we will focus mainly on the levels of the skin and their functions. While the integumentary
Arch Dermatol. 2007;143(1):124–125. Puchenkova, S. G. (1996). "
Barone, Eugene J., Judson C. Jones, and Joann E. Schaefer. "Hidradenitis Suppurativa." Skin Disorders. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2000. 21-25. Print.
There are various methods of diagnosing Raydaund syndrome. Cold water emersion is one method. In this method, patients’ hands are immersed in cold water to observe any clinical features. Another mode of diagnosis looks at medical conditions that are associated with Raynaud syndrome, such as CTD, scleroderma, and lupus. A third technique includes physical examination of the ulnar and radial vessels, nail folds in the capillaries, presence of digital inflammation, sclerodactyly (sleroderma, hardening of the skin, of the fingers and toes), or telangiectasia (chronic dilation of groups of capillaries
Cephalopods are known to be exceptionally intelligent by invertebrate standards and in some respects even rival “higher” vertebrates. These animals have many highly evolved sensory and processing organs that allow them to gain a greater understanding of their environment and their place within it. Due to their advanced structures, many of which are analogous to vertebrate structures, and abilities they have been widely studied. Their methods of learning have been of prime interest and many experiments have been conducted to determine the different ways in which octopuses can learn. From these experiments four main kinds of learning have been identified in octopuses: associative learning, special learning,
The majority of clinical cases of laminitis occur at pasture where there is an accumulation of rapidly fermentable non-structural carbohydrates (NSC) such as fructans, simple sugars or starches (Geor, 2010). Pasture-associated laminitis has major economic and welfare implications in the equine sector. Increased risk factors include insulin resistance, increased insulin secretory response, hypertriglyceridaemia and obesity (Asplin, et al., 2007;Carter, et al., 2009 and de Laat, et al., 2010). Insulin resistance has been associated with a number of problems in the horse, most notably laminitis. Insulin resistance can be defined as a physiological condition in which cells have a diminished response to normal actions of the hormone insulin. Insulin is produced but the cells become resistant and are less capable in transporting glucose from the bloodstream to muscle and other tissues. In horses, insulin resistance is associated with a number of diseases such as Equine Metabolic Syndrome (Powell, et al., 2002; Hoffman, et al., 2003;Vick, et al., 2006 and Frank, et al., 2009), Equine Cushing Disease (McGowan, et al., 2004 and Walsh, et al., 2009) and Laminitis (Treiber, et al., 2006;Bailey, et al., 2007;McGowan, 2008 and Geor, 2008). Obesity and insulin resistance in ponies has become a common problem and there is a growing awareness on the role that diet and exercise has to play (Jeffcott, et al., 1986; Frank, et al., 2006 and Vick & Adams, 2007). Over-expressed adipocytokines, such as leptin, have been suggested to impair insulin signalling and cause the up regulation of inflammatory cytokines. This then further contributes to impaired insulin signalling and endothelial dysfunction (Radin, et al., 2009). The restriction of energy throu...
Achondroplasia is a genetic disorder in which there is a growth hormone deficiency, or there is a genetic mutation in either the father’s sperm or mother’s egg. (mayo clinic, March 20,2014.) Achondroplasia was the first discovered in ancient Egyptian records. People with achondroplasia were considered people with supernatural powers. Many people call dwarfs midgets but to them, it is very disrespectful because midget literally means little person. Some acceptable names that you can use that will not offend them would be little people, LP, person with short stature, or dwarf. Even though dwarfs feel as if they do not have disabilities, the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) will protect the rights of dwarfs. (who discovered it? March 28, 2014.)
Symptoms of elephantiasis are enlargement and swelling of a part of the body due to the blockage of the lymphatic nodes. The lymphatic system is not able to take out the extra fluid of the body which causes an accumulation of body fluid. The arms and legs are the most affected areas in the body. It can swell to more than three times of its normal shape. Affected areas will have malformed shapes; skin and tissue will become thick and appear to look like an elephant’s leg. The skin of the affected areas becomes extremely dry, thickened (hyperkeratosis), and discolored. Other symptoms may include Fever, chills, and a feeling of sickness. Elephantiasis may affect the male and female external genital area. Some male suffer from enlargement of the scrotum, in some cases scrotum can become abnormally enlarged and can weigh over 100 lb. The penis may be hidden under the skin. In some women the external area of the genitalia will appear thickened and ulcerated rough skin may develop. The breasts may become enlarged. Infected individuals are susceptible to bacterial and fungal due to the damage of the lymphatic system. Infections may become worsen due to the lack of immunity caused by a damaged lymphatic system. People affected by this disease may experience severe pain and a burning
Harlequin Ichthyosis is a rare genetic mutation that affects the thickness of the skin. In order for a child to inherit this mutation, both of their parents must be carriers of the autosomal recessive gene. This gene will affect chromosome 2q35 by the deletion mutation. This mutation causes a changes in the ABCA12 gene. This gene produces the ABCA12 protein, which carries lipids to the epidermis of the skin. Without the ABC12 protein, the epidermis will not get the lipids needed to hold the skin together, which in result will cause water lose in the body. Not only is the ABCA12 protein used in the transportation of lipids, it is also a key component in the tissue of many major organs. For example the lungs, liver, and the stomach.
During the nineteenth century a variety of alternative medical traditions became popular in the United States. There was a shift in how people began to view their physical, mental, and emotional health. A type of alternative medicine that quickly became popular in the United States and Europe was the tradition of hygeiotherapy. This form of treatment included hydropathy a type of water-cure treatment and combined that with exercise, dietary reform, sexual restraint, and any behaviors that were viewed as unhealthy.
There is current research being done on gene therapy that could possibly cure epidermolysis in the future. The gene therapy involves injecting normal genes into the tissues. In turn, the normal gene will reproduce so the genes inside the tissues are also normal. There has been one successful attempt of this gene therapy with the non-Herlitz junctional epidermolysis. There is still much research to be done in this area but the future of gene therapy is looking hopeful (Sarkar et al., 2011).
Schepis, Carmelo, Donatella Greco, and Corrado Romano. "Cardiofaciocutaneous (CFC) Syndrome." Australasian Journal of Dermatology 40.2 (1999): 111-13. Print.
Psoriasis is a chronic skin disorder, easily identified by its symptoms of white, scaly skin and red lesions, though not so easily cured or understood. In psoriasis, skin cells mature faster than the body can shed them, causing a buildup. Although there are many theories as to what the cause of such a disease might be – genetics, stress, or other triggers – no one is quite sure why the disease occurs, or what could be a possible way to fully cure it. In this essay we will explore the symptoms, types, and effects of this condition, and also some of the known treatments.
One of the most common mysteries in the world is the development of autoimmune diseases. An autoimmune disease is when the immune system, which usually keeps your body healthy thinks that your healthy cells are antigens and attacks them. This is irony right? It is against properties of evolution for an immune system to attack itself causing sickness and possibly death if untreated. There are about 80 different types of autoimmune diseases, which usually have periods of little to no symptoms and worsening symptoms. What particularly creates confusion in the world is the autoimmune disease, inflammatory bowel disease, which affects almost about five million people worldwide.
Eczema is one example of a dry skin condition. An eczema sufferer will have cracked skin, redness and inflammation.