Hydrochloric acid (HCl):
Hydrochloric acid is a strong and corrosive acid that is often used as a reagent in laboratories.
It is made by dissolving hydrogen chloride in water. 17
Hydrochloric acid is polar substance and has a linear shape with an electronegativity difference of 0.9; it has weak dipole-dipole forces/bonds between its molecules (intermolecular forces) and polar covalent forces/bonds between the chloride and hydrogen ions (Intramolecular forces). (5) HCl has a molar mass of 36.4609 g.mol-1. HCl is fully miscible in water as it forms hydrogen bonds with the water. Hydrochloric acid has a melting point of 247K and a boiling point of 321K if in a 38% solution. 17
HCl has many uses in industry.
It is used in the production of dyes, fertilizers, and chlorides as well as in electroplating and in the photographic, textile and rubber industries.
Hydrochloric acid is a dangerous substance and is corrosive
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Oxalic acid is both a Bronsted-Lowry and an Arrhenius acid. 10
It mainly exists as H2C2O4.2H2O, which is known as oxalic acid dihydrate. The 2H2O attached to the oxalic acid means that for every one molecule of Oxalic acid there is, there will be 2 molecules of water. This makes it predictable and allows for the standardization of NaOH. The reaction between NaOH and Oxalic acid dihydrate is as follows:
H2C2O4 .2H2O + 2NaOH → Na2C2O4 + 4H2O
This is a neutralization reaction between an acid and a base.
Oxalic acid dihydrate is a diprotic acid acid and can therefore give away 2 protons (hydrogen ions). It is a reducing agent. Oxalic acid dihydrate is a primary standard acid which is a solid acid and whose mass is an accurate measure of the number of moles of H+ ions it will furnish and is therefore used in the titration with
We began this investigation by suiting up in lab aprons and goggles, we then gathered our materials, found a lab station and got to work. We decided to start with the magnesium in hydrochloric acid first, we measured out 198.5 L of HCl and put it in the foam-cup calorimeter and took initial temperature reading. We then selected a piece of magnesium ribbon and found its mass: 0.01g. This piece was placed in the calorimeter and the lid was shut immediately to prevent heat from escaping. We “swirled” the liquid mixture in the calorimeter to ensure a reaction, and waited for a temperature change. After a few moments, the final temperature was recorded and DT determined.
Dehydroascorbic acid and iodide ions are produced when ascorbic acid and iodine solution are mixed. Iodine has a brown color in solution whereas iodide
Apparatus: * 1 measuring cylinder * 1 test tube * 1 stop clock * A large gelatine cube containing indicator and NaOH * Hydrochloric acid ranging from 1-3 molars * A scalpel Diagram: Method: * Take the large gelatine cube and cut into 15 equal pieces * Place on piece of the cube into the test tube * Measure out 10mls of HCl in the measuring cylinder * Pour the HCl into the test tube with the gelatine cube and start the clock * Time how long it takes for the pink colour inside the gelatine cube to completely disappear * You will also notice that the cube dissolves slightly * Record your results and repeat this same process 3 times for each molar of acid: § 1 molar § 1.5 molar § 2 molar
Catalase are an enzyme that catalyses the reduction of hydrogen peroxide into H2O and O2. Catalase are a common enzyme that can be found in almost all living organisms such as potatoes. It is specifically found in the cells that are exposed to oxygen and can be in a plant or animal cell. [1]
The late sixties were a time filled with sex, drugs, and rock and roll. A huge part of American culture at the time was focused around these three things. Musicians possessed a tremendous amount of social influence, and like wise, society put a lot of emphasis on the lives and attitudes of musicians. Of the rock groups from this time period, the Beatles were by far the most influential. The British rock group was probably the most catalytic band in rock and roll history. Although they came together in the shadow of the Beatles, another band of that era was Jefferson Airplane. Jefferson Airplane was deemed the first of the San Francisco psychedelic rock groups. Jefferson Airplane was always considered to be a psychedelic rock group, but it was not until later in their existence that the Beatles fell into this category as well. Both groups earned this title for their creative style of rock as well as for their experimentation with drugs. Each of these groups wrote songs that alluded to drug use at one time or another. Two of the most criticized songs from these bands are Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds by the Beatles, and White Rabbit by Jefferson Airplane. White Rabbit is a song latent with drug references. The connection with drugs in Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds is not as clear. Although John Lennon claims that he had no intention of making references to LSD in his song, the abstract lyrics and metaphoric language invite drug connotation. Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds and White Rabbit mirror each other in their association with LSD and their allusions to Alice in Wonderland, but looking into these songs more deeply it is obvious that both artists were writing about escape; escaping reality.
2H2O(aq) à 2H2O(l) + O2 (g) It is able to speed up the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide because the shape of its active site matches the shape of the hydrogen peroxide molecule. This type of reaction were a molecule is broken down into smaller pieces is called an anabolic reaction. I will be studying the effect of concentration of the catalase in this reaction. Hypothesis Hydrogen peroxide will breakdown to oxygen in water in the presence of catalase.
Hydrochloric Acid, Sodium Thiosulphate Reaction. Research: What is the difference between Hydrochloric acid is a strong colourless acid formed when hydrogen chloride gas dissociates in water, used in industrial and laboratory. processes. The.
Also the investigation will be performed in a sensible manner and there is no dangerous behaviour. Prediction When the experiment is taking place I believe that the magnesium in the hydrochloric acid will begin to bubble and then disappear, I also
Green Chemistry is not only used in the lab when handling dangerous chemicals, but is also used in everyday life. Some areas where green chemistry may be applied is in medicine, biodegradable plastic, and paint. Pharmaceutical companies are always looking for better ways to make medications have less side effects by making them produce less toxic waste. Also, more and more companies are trying to create products that use compostable or biodegradable materials. Paints usually have toxic fumes that go along with them. Some painting companies are trying to create a product that emits less toxins to better human health and environmental
In our experiment we utilized the hydrate cobaltous chloride. Hydrates are crystalline compounds in which one or more molecules of water are combined with each unit of a salt. Cobalt (II) chloride hexahydrate is an inorganic compound which is a deep rose color in its hydrated form. As an inducer of
- The amount of times the mixture was stirred. We stirred the mixture until the Ammonium Nitrate was dissolved, so the amount of times we stirred after each teaspoon was different.
To completely dissociate all of the acetic acid with sodium hydroxide to sodium acetate there must be zero moles of acetic acid remaining (Plumber, 2004).
The amount of hydrochloric acid. 3. The concentration of the hydrochloric acid. 4. The surface area of the calcium carbonate.
Moles Volume HCl Volume Water 2 M 10 cm 3 0 cm 3 1.5 M 7.5 cm 3 2.5 cm 3 1 M 5 cm 3 5 cm 3 0.5 M 2.5 cm 3 7.5 cm 3