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Essay on orphan trains
An Overview of Social Welfare and Social Work History
Essay on orphan trains
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Pappavasiliou 1George PappavasiliouMrs. Mary AmatoEnglish IIMarch 23, 2018Mr. Charles Loring Brace, Founder of The Children's Aid Societyand Pioneer of The Orphan Train Movement“When a child of the streets stands before you in rags, with a tear-stained face, youcannot easily forget him. And yet, you are perplexed what to do. The human soul isdifficult to interfere with. You hesitate how far you should go.” – Charles Loring BraceIn Mark Twain’s book, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, the main character,Huckleberry, is a young boy, 11 or 12 years old, who lives an orphan lifestyle. He has nomother. His father is a highly abusive drunk and his aunts, who try to care for him, are nottrained to do so and are unsuccessful. At the time this book …show more content…
(Brace 19)Although orphanages were a choice for some families, Brace felt that orphanages wereovercrowded and gloomy places that did not teach children to become productive andfunctioning adults ... Brace believed that a strong family life could help these victimizedand neglected children, knew that the American pioneers who were settling the Westcould use help, and felt that an arrangement that would place children within thesefamilies would be mutually beneficial. (Brown)In an effort to make the situation better and to remedy a cure, the Children's AidSociety was founded in 1853 by Charles Loring Brace ... at a time when orphan asylumsand almshouses were the only social services available for poor and homeless childrenin New York City. (A History of Innovation)The Orphan Train Movement had set goals of placing homeless children into lovinghomes rather than orphanages in order that the children might have a better upbringing intoadulthood. They tried their best to make sure that every child was placed in a loving home butsometimes that was not the case. Between 1854 and …show more content…
My great object in the present work is toprove to society the practical truth of Mr Livingston's theoretical statement that thecheapest and most efficacious way of dealing with the Dangerous Classes of large citiesis not to punish them but to prevent their growth through the influences of education anddiscipline and religion ... to change their material circumstances and draw them underthe influence of the moral and fortunate classes that they shall grow up as usefulproducers and members of society able and inclined to aid it in its progress. (Brace,Charles Loring. Dangerous Classes of New York 43)As time passed, and the west was being developed, some 65 plus years into the OrphanTrain Movement, society began to rethink this process. In the 1920s the number of OrphanTrains decreased sharply. It was at that time that states began passing laws thatprohibited placing children across state lines. Additionally, there was criticism fromabolitionists who felt that the Orphan Trains supported slavery. (Brown)Although, as noted earlier, the Orphan Train Movement was not anything related toslavery, general citizens felt differently Pro-slavery advocates criticized the practice as well,saying that it was making slaves obsolete. In 1912, the U.S. Children’s Bureau wasestablished with the mission of helping states support
In the mid-19th century, Britain was facing problems of over populated cities. Life for the poor class was incredibly difficult. To survive, children as young as _____ had to find work to bring in money for food and shelter. In such families young children were seen as a burden and older ones as a source of income. Oftentimes unexpected circumstances such as sickness would leave families unable to support themselves. Orphaned children took to the streets or were put in parishes by closest kin which were not much better than the streets. Slowly people started to take notice of their plight. Both newly formed and pre-established philanthropic agencies began bringing in children and apprenticing them. Homes like Barnardo, Rye, and Macpherson Homes were set up all over Britain to accommodate them. Hundreds of families would admit their own children to the Homes when they could no longer provide for them. With this overwhelming response, the child savers soon had more children than they could handle; they began searching for a place to send them.
Mark Twain throughout the book showed Huckleberry Finns personal growth on how he started from the bottom as a lonely, racist, immature kid who knew nothing to where he is now, by finally breaking away from society’s values he was taught in the beginning. He has alienated himself from the from that society and revealed how in fact these values were hypocritical. He realized that he can choose his own morals and that the one he chooses is the correct one.
Mark Twain, the author of Huckleberry Finn, has written a story that all will enjoy. Huck is a young boy with not much love in his life, his mother died when he was very young, and he had drunk for a father. Huck lives with the widow and she tried to raise him right. While at the widow's, Huck went to school and learned to read and write. The widow also tried to civilize him. She would buy him nice clothes, and make him do his homework.
Ransomed? Whats that???.. it means that we keep them till they're dead (10). This dialogue reflects Twains witty personality. Mark Twain, a great American novelist, exploits his humor, realism, and satire in his unique writing style in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. Mark Twain, born in 1835, wrote numerous books throughout his lifetime. Many of his books include humor; they also contain deep cynicism and satire on society. Mark Twain, the author of The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, exemplifies his aspects of writing humor, realism, and satire throughout the characters and situations in his great American novel.
Stemming from models developed in Rome under Marcus Aurelius and Florence’s Innocenti, orphans were first nursed by peasant women, then adopted or apprenticed by the time they were seven or eight years old (Simpson 136). Care of the orphans (and also the sick, the poor, the elderly, and the mentally ill) was first the responsibility of the church, but with increased legislation, the responsibility gradually fell under the state (Simpson 137). Pennsylvania passed such a “poor law” in 1705, establishing an “Overseer of the Poor” for each township. Each overseer was responsible for finding funds for children and more commonly, for finding positions of servitude or apprenticeship (7). Such a model of short-term care followed by adoption, apprenticeship, or indentured servitude became the standard for dealing with orphaned children. The development of specific orphanages or child asylums, however, did not come until later in the nineteenth century. Orphaned children were first treated in almshouses, first established in Philadelphia in 1731 (7). Poorhouses, workhouses, and almshouses, all essentially the same institution, housed both adults and children without homes. Residents were seen as nearly free sources of labor, working in sweatshops or nearby mines in the case of several British poorhouses (5).
In the year 1562, there were laws enacted that allowed the placement of poor children into care services until they were old enough to care for themselves. When the idea came to the U.S. not many children liked the idea of being placed into a foster home. They were often abused and exploited. However, this was allowed by law and the homes were considered better for the children because unlike almshouses children were taught different trades, and were not constantly exposed to bad surrounding and immature adults. Various forms of indenturing children persisted into the first decade of the century. Benjamin Eaton became the nation’s first foster child in the year 1636, he was 7 years old.
Huck Finn learns from the actions of people around him, what kind of a person he is going to be. He is both part of the society and an outlier of society, and as such he is given the opportunity to make his own decisions about what is right and what is wrong. There are two main groups of characters that help Huck on his journey to moral maturation. The first group consists of Widow Douglas, Miss Watson, and the judge. They portray society and strict adherence to rules laid out by authority. The second group consists of Pap, the King, and the Duke. They represent outliers of society who have chosen to alienate themselves from civilized life and follow no rules. While these characters all extremely important in Huck’s moral development, perhaps the most significant character is Jim, who is both a fatherly figure to Huck as well as his parallel as far as limited power and desire to escape. Even though by the end of the novel, Huck still does not want to be a part of society, he has made a many choices for himself concerning morality. Because Huck is allowed to live a civilized life with the Widow Douglas, he is not alienated like his father, who effectively hates civilization because he cannot be a part of it. He is not treated like a total outsider and does not feel ignorant or left behind. On the other hand, because he does not start out being a true member of the society, he is able to think for himself and dismiss the rules authority figures say are correct. By the end of the novel, Huck is no longer a slave to the rules of authority, nor is he an ignorant outsider who looks out only for himself. This shows Huck’s moral and psychological development, rendering the description of “The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn” as a picaresq...
This initiative began in 1853 by the Children’s Aid Society, a private, child welfare nonprofit in New York City, formed by Charles Loring Brace. Brace saw the Orphan Trains as a solution because of the number of children who were living
The book Huckleberry Finn, by Mark Twain, has many themes that appear throughout the text. One such theme is that people must live outside of society to be truly free. If one lives outside of society, then they do not have to follow all of its laws and try to please everyone. They would not be held back by the fact that if they do something wrong, they would be punished for doing it.
Race is a prominent topic is both “The Adventures of Tom Sawyer” and “Adventures of Huckleberry Finn”. In “Tom Sawyer” the main person of color in the story is the villainous Injun Joe, who is part Native American, hence, the usage of the term “injun”. In “Huckleberry Finn”, Jim is a black slave who is attempting to escape to freedom by travelling with Huck. Both characters are important in each of their novels, but problems begin to arise when these characters, their actions, and the way other characters act towards them are analyzed.
He founded the Children’s Aid Society which helped to address the issue of the overcrowding in the institutions (American Adoptions, 2016). The beliefs of the Children’s Aid Society were that the children would be better if they were placed with families than living on the streets or in the crowded institutions (American Adoptions, 2016). To be able to have children placed with families and help alleviate the overcrowding of the institutions Brace developed the “Orphan Train” which placed the children on the railways and sent them out west to families that would chose to care for them (American Adoptions, 2016). The children were not always chosen by families that gave them the proper care, but they were out of the institutions and off the streets which was Brace’s main focus. This was one of the first forms of the foster care system that we have in place today and helped to get children that were living on the streets or in institutions to families that were able to provide them with the care they needed. Charles Brace helped to influence social policy with setting up the Children’s Aid Society because it established the backbone of the foster care system we have in place today, giving children in need the forever home that they
The Children’s Aid Society in 1854 developed the Orphan Train program a predecessor to foster care. Charles Loring Brace believed that this would give children the chance of a good life by giving them the opportunity to live with “morally standing farm families”(Warren,
The Development of Identity in Huckleberry Finn. In the novel The Adventures of Huckleberry, by Mark Twain, the main character enters into a transitional period of his life. This character, Huck Finn, faces many situations in which he is forced to deal with decisions that foster within them the ability to bring about change. Since transition is the process of entering change, Huck is searching for an identity that is truly his own.
Mark Twain’s Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is a book of pairs: Aunt Sally and Uncle Silas; Miss Watson and the Widow Douglas; the Widow Douglas and Judge Thatcher; the King and the Duke; Huck and Tom Sawyer; Huck and Jim. All of whom have been critically analyzed again and again. However, Huck and Mary Jane Wilks receive very little critical attention. Regardless of the minimal attention this pair receives, it is undisputedly an important one. It is this relationship which helps explain the inconsistent actions of Huck. As he continually demonstrates that, despite his numerous mature actions, he is still merely a young boy searching for his place in the world.
When orphanages were first established in the United States, they accomplished the task that they were set up to do. Orphanages began in the 1800’s during the industrial boom (Keiger). The cities became crowded beyond capacity as everyone moved their jobs to inner city factories. The high death rate from factory deaths and low sanitation left many homeless orphaned children living on the streets. Orphanages were originally designed to be a place to temporarily house these children while other arrangements were made. “The directors of these orphanages did not expect to raise a child to adulthood; their institutions were meant to be way stations, refuges where a child could receive care and supervision, learn some discipline, and then be returned home or placed in a better situation outside the walls.” (Keiger).