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Globalization and its effects on developing countries
Globalization and its impact
Globalization and its impact
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Introduction:
Everyone is connected to globalisation. Common foods that you buy may seem like they originated here in Australia, however they mostly originate from another country. Products like your iPhone, Nike shoes or your Nestle coffee didn’t originate here in Australia. For these products to be manufactured here would cost too much so the people behind these large corporations called TNC’s, move out to developing countries to get cheap labour.
History:
Most TNC's that originate from relatively rich countries. They stop manufacturing in their home country because the cost is too much, which leads to an indirect loss of jobs. The headquarters, research and development stay in the home country with no need to move. Among all the TNC’s in the world, oil companies and car manufacturing companies are the most common.
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TNC’s have an impact on me by the products they release, the product I buy and the money they make for the country I live in. I own an iPhone and it was not manufactured in Australia. The iPhones parts travelled a long distance to get here in Australia. The metal was mined in one country while it was assembled in another. I buying the iPhone gives money to apple which gives apples mother country, California, a higher GDP which helps in numerous ways. In Australia’s case, the main company that brings money to the country is BHP Billiton which raises Australia’s standard of living.
What is a TNC?
A Transnational Corporation (TNC) is a company which works in at least 2 countries. Some of the well-known TNC’s that you may know are Toyota, Vodafone, Volkswagen, Nestle, Apple and the famous Nike. TNC’s operate very hierarchical with the headquarters, research and development often located in the mother country.
What are the TNC positives and negatives? How does it affect the
Globalisation, in the simplest sense, is economic integration between countries and is represented by the fact that national resources are now becoming mobile in the international market. Globalisation sees: an increase in trade of goods & services through the reduction of trade barriers; an increase in financial flows through the deregulation of financial institutions and markets and floating of currency; an increase in labour
During times of war, man is exposed to the most gruesome aspects of life such as death, starvation, and imprisonment. In some cases, the aftermath is even more disastrous, causing posttraumatic stress disorder, constant guilt, as well as physical and mental scarring, but these struggles are not the only things that humans can take away from the experience. War can bring out the appreciation of the little things in life, such as the safety people take for granted, the beauty of nature, and the kindness of others. These universal consequences of fighting all contribute to what war is really capable of doing, sometimes bringing out the best and worst in people, and constantly shaping society. In The Things They Carried, Tim O’Brien goes through this himself when he writes about setting up base camp in the Vietnamese pagoda, the return to site of Kiowa’s death, the story about the old poppa-san guide, and Mitchell Sanders’ “moment of peace”. When O’Brien includes these stories, it is not to insert joy into a tragedy, but rather to create a more wholesome and authentic feel into a tough, realistic war story. O’Brien’s’ “sweet” stories are there to show the hope he had during war, and also serve as a universal example that even in the darkest tunnels, it is always possible to find rays of light.
The interesting part of this industry is the fact that there is no company with a dominant market share. Even though some revenue numbers might be higher for some companies, each company has a specialty that it brings to the industry. One of the main costs is manufacturing their products. A major reason the companies are moving manufacturing plants to Asia and South America is to lower manufacturing costs.
How will you contribute to the mission of the National Health Service Corps in providing care to underserved communities?
Source one is an excerpt from the book called “Transnational Corporations: Knitting the world together”. This book was published in 2004 and the author is Keith Suter, a futurist. He believes that transnational corporations are now the main global economic force as they eroded the national market. He deems that due to transnational companies the world is now involved in one global market. He views transnational companies as a definite source of economic globalization. Transnational companies did not only bring jobs to less developed country but it also stimulated the economy of that country giving them motivation. Transnational companies had given less developed country a better quality of life and well-being. There are some critics about transnational companies but transnational company had given us a way to make our world more globally connected as what Keith Suter would agree upon.
Gillies, G. (2005) Transnational Corporations and International Production. Concepts, Theories and Effects, Edward Elgar, Cheltenham
The idea of the globalisation of Australian businesses, the process where businesses develop themselves internationally is one of the main issues in our current society. The concept of globalisation has occurred due to many factors, such as reduced trade barriers, a reduction in tariffs and quotas, new developments in technology and also new innovations in transportation technology. These factors that have caused globalisation can result in many consequences, both positive and negative. These consequences are free trade caused by a reduction in tariffs and environmental costs such as pollution caused by factories and greenhouse gasses causing global warming.
Dicken believes that most TNCs are capitalist enterprises driven by profit. He argues that they are the primary movers and shapers of the global economy with the power to easily control or coordinate production networks across the world. In chapter four Dicken challenges a view that with time TNCs are going to abandon their country of origin, and take over the smaller weaker firms.
Gilpin discussed the MNC’s evolution through the lenses of a number of business economic theories. Using Raymond Vernon’s Product Cycle Theory, the overseas expansion of American companies until the 1960s was shown as a means of preempting foreign competition and preserving monopoly positions, which was possible then because of the wealth and technology gaps that existed between the US and the rest of the world (282-83). Following the closing of such gaps, Dunning and the Reading School’s Eclectic Theory explained the next stage of the MNC’s evolution as propelled by the great leaps made in technology and communication, which made internationalized management both possible and viable (283). Michael Porter’s Strategy Theory, meanwhile, asserted that the MNC is now in the era of strategic management, wherein activities and capabilities spanning borders allow it to “tap into the value chain” in the most advantageous positions (285-85). Gilpin made an interesting point, however, that MNCs are oftentimes the result of market imperfections and unique corporate situations. In many instances, the decision to expand a firm’s operations in another country was a means of circumventing protectionist measures and trade barriers, or simply to curry favor with governments, as practiced by IBM (280...
Globalisation is a broad term that is often defined in economic factors alone. The Dictionary at merriam-webster.com describes globalisation as “the process of enabling financial markets to operate internationally, largely as a result of deregulation and improved communication.” Also due to deregulation on the financial market, multi-national companies are free to trade and move their businesses to areas where a higher return or profit can be achieved. New technology also enables companies to relocate to areas where labour costs are lower, for instance movement of call centre jobs from the UK to India.
An increasing number of countries are encouraging investments with specific guidelines toward economic goals. MNCs may be expected to create local employment, transfer technology, generate export sales, stimulate growth and development of the local industry.
Globalisation refers to the process of the integration of economic, political, social and cultural relations among people, companies and governments of different nations and countries. It is a process aimed improving international movement of goods, services, labour and capital. This process also has a direct impact on the environment, culture, political systems, economic development and prosperity, and a human physical wellbeing of societies in the world.
Chandler, A.D. (1986), "Technological and organizational underpinnings of modern industrial multinational enterprise: the dynamics of competitive advantage", chapter 2 in A. Teichova, M. Lévy-Leboyer and H. Nussbaum (eds.), Multinational Enterprise in Historical Perspective, New York: Cambridge University Press.
Stonehouse, G., Campbell, D., Hamill, J. & Purdie, T. (2004). Global and Transnational Business (2nd ed.). Chichester: John Wiley & Sons.
Globalization plays a massive part in my life as it does in everyone’s lives. Every day the world is getting smaller, between technological improvements and peoples interest in these technologies it is easy to see why this is happening. In this essay I have only shortly touch upon some of the places where globalization has affected my everyday life. From shopping as Asda to meeting people on the other side of the world to discuss my dissertation ideas globalization has had a positive affect on my life. The fact that I can walk down a street in Coleraine or Sydney and see similar shops and food outlets is a positive thing in how our lives are intertwined through out the world.