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History of feminism essay
History of feminism essay
History of feminism essay
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Emmeline Pankhurst, who was a British political activist, was very involved in ending women’s suffrage. Due to her exposure to women’s suffrage at such a young age, Pankhurst led the British suffragette movement in order for women to gain the right to vote (“Emmeline Pankhurst”). In 1879, Emmeline Pankhurst married Richard Pankhurst, who was much older and a supporter of women’s right to vote as well. Throughout the next ten years, Richard and Emmeline had five children and Richard was very supportive and helpful towards Emmeline’s involvement in the Women’s Franchise League (“Emmeline Pankhurst”). The Women’s Franchise League endorsed suffrage for both married and unmarried women, but broke apart in the years following the start of it …show more content…
After the death of her husband in 1904, Emmeline started the Women’s Social and Political Union (WSPU), which was “an all-women suffrage advocacy organisation dedicated to ‘deeds, not words’” (“Emmeline Pankhurst”). Pankhurst, in the organization, was known for her militaristic ideas, which resulted to be critical in the achievement of women’s suffrage. The WSPU tended to be extremely violent and many of the women were arrested for smashing windows and hurting police officers (“Emmeline Pankhurst”). They also staged hunger strike that most often ended with the WSPU being force fed (“Emmeline Pankhurst”). All of these acts and measures were completed in order for women to have equal rights and suffrage. During the First World War, the WSPU stopped their riots, but Emmaline later transformed the WSPU into the Women’s Party (“Emmeline Pankhurst”). As she aged, she joined the Conservative Party, eventually being elected as a candidate for the Whitechapel and …show more content…
A Vindication of the Rights of Woman was written in 1792 by Mary Wollstonecraft, who was one of the very first feminists. Both of the authors in these sources describe their belief on women’s rights during their time through precedents and questioning why women have different rights as men. Pankhurst urges for women’s voting rights, but Wollstonecraft believes women deserve an education becuase of their position in society ("A Vindication of the Rights of Woman”). While education is a recurring topic in the book, Wollstonecraft “calls for equality between the sexes” and portrays how women deserve the same rights as men in society ("A Vindication of the Rights of Woman”). Throughout both sources, two themes were brought up many times: the double standard of women and marriage. Wollstonecraft also describes how women should be treated as a companion in marriage, rather than a “mere wife” and how men and women should respect their marriage ("A Vindication of the Rights of Woman”). Why Are We Militant expands on this idea by explaining the precedent of a husband bringing a mistress into his home; however, Pankhurst brought up the topic of divorce, which was very forward during Wollstonecraft’s time. Both of these authors are considered feminists due to their position in fighting for women’s rights. Although Wollstonecraft was
“Even in the modern day world, women struggle against discriminatory stigmas based on their sex. However, the beginnings of the feminist movement in the early 20th century set in motion the lasting and continuing expansion of women's rights” (Open Websites). One such organization that pushed for women’s rights was the National American Women Suffrage Association (NAWSA), established in 1890. The NAWSA was the largest suffrage organization and worked toward securing the right to vote. The NAWSA however was split into two, the NAWSA and the National Women’s Party (NWP), when suffragists were disagreeing on how to achieve their goal.
In the years after 1870 there were many reasons for the development of the women’s suffrage movement. The main reasons were changes in the law. Some affecting directly affecting women, and some not, but they all added to the momentum of Women’s campaign for the vote.
By 1913, the suffragette movement had exceeded a decade. The growing desperation of the suffragettes is clear in their calls for the aid of working men, echoing Emmeline Pankhurst’s “Freedom or Death” speech in November 1913. This appears as a change of heart in the operation of the WSPU, which had decreed to exclude men from their organisation and broken with the Labour Party in the previous year.
It would seem that many are now more critical of the suffragettes, preferring to turn to the WW1 Homefront and the suffragists as the most significant factor of their achievement in 1918. Guthridge asked “were not the women themselves in a no-win situation- for if they acted with moderation, what hope would they have of winning the vote, but if they acted violently, were they not demonstrating that they were unfit to have it?”, and this has become the fundamental issue in the historical debate. While it is impossible to answer such a subjective question, there is no doubt that all of these have played some role in achieving their rights. This still introduces the issue of whether violence and force are always necessary to achieve changes in society, or whether peaceful negations themselves are
It was Theodore Roosevelt, who stated that, “Nobody cares how much you know until they know how much you care”, conveying the idea that with no voice comes no change. In the morning of August 26, 1920, the 19th amendment was ratified, which centralized mainly on the enfranchisement of women. Today, they have the legal right to vote, and the ability to speak openly for themselves, but most of all they are now free and equal citizens. However this victorious triumph in American history would not have been achieved without the strong voices of determined women, risking their lives to show the world how much they truly cared. Women suffragists in the 19th century had a strong passion to change their lifestyle, their jobs around the nineteenth century were limited to just children, family, and domestic duties. It consisted of a very low rate of education, and job opportunities. They could not share their opinion publicly and were expected to support their male family members and husbands during the time. Women knew that the way to enfranchisement was going to be tenacious, and full of obstacles along the way. Therefore a new organization was formed, The National American Women Association (NAWSA), representing millions of women and Elizabeth Cady Stanton as the first party president. This organization was founded in 1890, which strategized on the women getting education in order to strengthen their knowledge to prepare for the suffrage fight. NAWSA mainly focused on the right to vote one state at a time. In 1917, a member named Alice Paul, split apart from NAWSA because of the organization’s tactics and major goals. Due to this split, many other suffragists from NAWSA bitterly divided into a new organization named, National Women’s ...
Emmeline Pankhurst developed her love for radical politics throughout her childhood and young adult life. Emmeline was born in Moss Side, Manchester in 1858. Her family consisted mostly of radical politicians who helped shape her strong political views.( Tejvan R.Pettinger) Emmeline Pankhurst attended her first women’s suffrage meeting with her mother at the ripe age of 14 years old.( Byers, Paula K) Many scholars agree that this meeting is what sparked Emmeline’s initial interest in the fight for women’s suffrage. According to Mikey Smith, Emmeline received the majority of her education in 1873 from École Normale Suprérienre, a well-respected finishing school. This formal education helped her develop the critical skills she needed to become a
Although they were fighting for a worthy cause, many did not agree with these women’s radical views. These conservative thinkers caused a great road-block on the way to enfranchisement. Most of them were men, who were set in their thoughts about women’s roles, who couldn’t understand why a woman would deserve to vote, let alone want to vote. But there were also many women who were not concerned with their fundamental right to vote. Because some women were indifferent in regards to suffrage, they set back those who were working towards the greater good of the nation. However, the suffragettes were able to overcome these obstacles by altering their tactics, while still maintaining their objective.
Its evolution is complex and lasted for over 70 years, however some events that were a turning point are necessarily to be explained in order to understand de latter analysis. It was not until 1835 when the Municipal Corporation Act used the term male, not person, 30 years later, The Kensington Ladies’ Discussion Society was founded, along with the Women’s Suffrage Committee, this was the first organized group to advocate for the women’s right to vote. The years that followed were filled with the founding of several suffragist organizations, such as Emmeline Pankhurst’s Women’s Social and Political Union, massive public demonstrations and gradually more violent and non-pacific ways of activism as hunger strikes, window-smashing or chaining to railings. Those actions were along the same lines as Pankhurst’s famous quote “deeds, not words”. On February 1918, The Representation of the People Bill allowed women over the age of 30 (with some restrictions) to vote.
The consequences usually meant imprisonment. The imprisonment led to hunger and thirst strikes led by Emmeline Pankhurst. Pankhurst was arrested at least six times during 1908 and 1912(“Emmeline Pankhurst”). She was finally sent to Holloway Prison, which led to her protesting the conditions by going on hunger and thirst strikes. Eventually the government got irritated at her hunger and thirst strikes, which resorted in the government ordering inmates who resisted the food and water to be force fed. This meant women had to be restrained while a rubber tube was forced down their noses or throats, and a liquid was poured into it to give them nutrients. Many women, including Emmeline Pankhurst and her daughters, were put through this torturous treatment(Painter). When WWI came in 1914, Emmeline called a truce between the government and the WPSU, the government then proceeded to release suffragettes from prison(Smith). Emmeline then proceeded to encourage women to take up men’s jobs and jobs in factories. In support of the war, they were no longer a militant group, but they had become a patriotic
Political theorist Mary Wollstonecraft is viewed today as a key founding figure of feminism during the eighteenth century, specifically during the French Revolution and enlightenment period. The extent of Wollstonecraft’s radicalism, in advocating a society based on equality of the sexes has contributed greatly towards feminist political thought. Wollstonecraft’s thesis was a direct and sustained attack on Burke’s Reflections on the French Revolution and Jean Jacques Rousseau Émile, whereby they discuss the rights of man, viewing them as paramount to the rights of Women. Wollstonecraft’s Vindications, in Rights of Man is an open attack of Burke, whereas the Rights of Woman, proposes political reforms by discussing the importance of gaining legal, economic, and social rights for women. Wollstonecraft advocates a society based on equality of men and women, whereby women acquire knowledge and virtue, allowing
Why We Are Militant was a speech spoken by Emmeline Pankhurst in 1913 to promote equality of women in Great Britain and the rest of the world. The argument presented by Pankhurst is fascinating, because it is precisely her reasons that women should be treated equally that are either solved today or still being talked about. She shows that the reasoning behind the equality of women is unjust, and if men were put in the situation of women, they would feel just as unfairly treated. To Pankhurst, there is not just one way that women are unfairly treated, rather they need equality in the context of politics and voting, marriage and divorce rights, and in overall pay for labor and the factory work they provide. One of the most well-known and most argued areas for women equality is the area of politics and voting.
In Great Britain during the 1800s, many women began to protest for their right to vote. Many people thought the suffrage for women was just a crazy idea, and it also went against tradition. After many years of peaceful protesting didn’t work women began to take it a step further. Clearly being peaceful was not working so the decided to be more violent.
Later, she met her husband, Richard Pankhurst, a strong advocate of the suffragist activity, and this allowed her to keep on the fight. They had five children, and along with her daughters she founded the Women’s Social Political Union (WSPU), a militant organization that became very powerful in Great Britain. Before that, in 1889, she had already founded the Women's Franchise League. Their slogan (WSPU) was “deeds, not words”, what meant to take actions instead of just talk. As they were ignored, they started to manifest violently and aggressively, such as smashing windows, bombing mailboxes, and even they cut communications in several districts for one whole day, something very big then.
Mary Wollstonecraft was a feminist writer who is most well-known for publishing A Vindication of the Rights of Woman. The main focus of her work revolves around pushing for educational reform, so that women would be given the same access to educational opportunities as men. It is said that Wollstonecraft’s work is more of a counterargument to the ideas of Jean-Jacques Rousseau, who believed that women should only be educated for the purpose of teaching them to obey and please their husbands better (Mary Wollstonecraft). On the other hand, William Godwin was an acclaimed political philosopher known for writing Political Justice, which focuses on the treatment of the common people. Godwin’s other works focus on class distinctions between the Bourgeois and the Proletariat and how the higher classes often abuse their power (William Godwin).
Mary Wollstonecraft was a self-educated, radical philosopher who wrote about liberation, and empowering women. She had a powerful voice on her views of the rights of women to get good education and career opportunities. She pioneered the debate for women’s rights inspiring many of the 19th and the 20th century’s writers and philosophers to fight for women’s rights, as well. She did not only criticize men for not giving women their rights, she also put a blame on women for being voiceless and subservient. Her life and, the surrounding events of her time, accompanied by the strong will of her, had surely affected the way she chose to live her life, and to form her own philosophies.