• What academic concepts have become apparent during this experience? (What did you see examples of in action?) o Two class concepts have been apparent while working with the kids in the assistant coaching position. One, kids that are more hostile and pessimistic have been far more prone to conflict, whether that be arguments with peers, failing to follow direction, or blatantly ignoring rules and social norms (like hitting). Without fail, conflict has followed the same kids and it appears that those kids do not have close social ties with peers. The second concept is people high in optimism, hope, hardiness, and extroversion are more adaptive. This has been apparent by the engagement level of most of the kids. The kids who are focused, put forth effort, modify behavior when asked, and are receptive to coaching are socially active, are generally positive, and bounce back from mistakes. • What academic concepts did you utilize during your SL experience? (What concepts help you better understand your clientele? Have you use any concepts while working with your clients?) o I used the learning theory operant conditioning when running practices. My first day at practice I observed the staff run practices and they were not organized, did little encouragement and failed to follow through on consequences to bad behavior. Surprisingly, by my second day I was running the practices by myself and had to figure out who to organize the practice, manage poor behavior, and keep the kids engaged. I applied the concepts of operant conditioning by rewarding good effort and execution with positive reinforcements such as praise and high fives. On one occasion I asked the kids to pick up cones, when no one volunteered I said whoever gets the c... ... middle of paper ... ...gain, but the staff member did not do anything. Later in the practice the staff member said, “if you do that again (something else to a different kid) you have to run a lap. Again, the child did it again, but this time, the staff member said, go run a lap, but the kid did not run, and the staff member just pretended to not notice the child did not run. Unknowingly, the staff member is training the kids to ignore is threats by constantly failing to follow though. In addition, I have observed the staff fail to identify and reward good behavior. They are quick to point out wrong doing but fail to recognize good performance, exceptional effort, and lack of poor sportsmanship. By applying the concepts of operant conditioning, using appropriate rewards and punishments, and consistently following through on promises the children’s behavior could be improved immensely
Behavior modification is based on the principles of operant conditioning, which were developed by American behaviorist B.F. Skinner. In his research, he put a rat in a cage later known as the Skinner Box, in which the rat could receive a food pellet by pressing on a bar. The food reward acted as a reinforcement by strengthening the rat's bar-pressing behavior. Skinner studied how the rat's behavior changed in response to differing patterns of reinforcement. By studying the way the rats operated on their environment, Skinner formulated the concept of operant conditioning, through which behavior could be shaped by reinforcement or lack of it. Skinner considered his discovery applicable to a wide range of both human and animal behaviors(“Behavior,” 2001).
In addition to constantly telling Peter no or we do not do such things Mrs. Stallworth seemed to heavily rely on the students to help with Peter’s behavior. In some ways Mrs. Stallworth’s behavior management seemed to work. Although, I thought there was a lot of room for improvement an example was the way Peter was only yelled and scolded by his peers when he kicked another student in the face during outdoor activities. I would have addressed the situation and not allow the students to handle it on their own as another student was hurt by Peter’s
In the article, “Get Off That Couch and Play”, it states, “Students learn important life skills such as how to accept criticism, how to handle oneself under the pressure of competition, how to work hard toward a goal, how to win and lose graciously” (“Get Off That Couch and Play” 1). In sports, teens can learn how to accept criticism from their coaches, athletes have to learn that they do not do everything right and at some point they will get corrected by a coach and have to learn how to deal with that and accept it. Also, during middle school sports children learn how to handle themselves under pressure. A teammate may be pressuring them to work harder, or to score a goal and an athlete needs to learn how to stay calm while the pressure is riding on them. Furthermore, working hard towards a goal is taught throughout middle school sports because setting a goal you want to achieve is important to how you perform while competing.
Operant conditioning is when your behavior is based on consequences. If Zane has never been praised for playing his oboe well, then he might not be as confident as if he had been complimented. If he has gotten compliments from playing before then he is expected to do better during his evaluation.
The first systematic study regarding operant conditioning was taken place in the 1800’s by the Psychologist, Thorndike. Thorndike formally defined operant conditioning as a type of learning that is controlled by the consequences of an organism’s behavior. However according to lecture, operant conditioning can be simply thought as performing an action in order to receive a reward. Operant conditioning can be useful when trying to deal with procrastination, increase efficacy of teaching, or to improve motivation. Therefore, operant conditioning can be used as a behavioral modification program to devise a more specific weight loss program to increase the roommate’s chances of making it on the football team. The program will include the following
One of the many benefits of playing sports is the children will build character. Building character is important because with character they will obtain new friends and develop different skills. Playing sports at a young age can build character in many ways, “Playing sports at a young age enables children to participate in social interactions and build skills such as teamwork, leadership, and responsibility as they learn to work with others to achieve a common goal,” (Aspen Institute). This is a benefit because they will build character from learning how to deal with wins and losses from playing sports. Also, they will develop different skills. Developing different skills will build character because, “numerous positive developmental indicators have been associated with sport participation, including improved self-esteem, emotional regulation, problem-solving, goal attainment, social skills, and academic performance,” (Holt). This shows how when children play sports that some of them acquire different skills than others. Lastly, some of the benefits that the children will receive from playing the sports are obtaining new friends and developing different
Operant conditioning is a type of learning where a person is taught that specific actions are related to specific consequences. The main goal of using this type of conditioning is to encourage the individual to change his or her behavior in some way. Specifically, the individual can be encouraged to perform a desired behavior more often through use of positive reinforcement and negative reinforcement, and he or she can also be encouraged to perform an undesired behavior less often through use of positive punishment and negative punishment. Positive reinforcement is basically a type of operant conditioning in which an addition or reward is given to the individual when he or she has displayed the desired behavior, and as a result, the behavior
In second grade I was apart of a wild classroom. Their was a lot of chaos from all the young children. My teacher struggled to get everyone on task and to complete our work. After some time my teacher decided to make up a reward system (positive reinforcement). The children in the classroom were able to earn tickets for doing their homework, being respectful, and many other things. We were able to save these tickets and cash them in on fridays for treats, toys, or even sometimes extra recess. The teacher had a separate system for when we misbehaved. There were 3 colors you could earn everyday. If you weren’t on task, out of your seat, or just being disruptive she would change your color from green to yellow. If it happened again you got a red card and lost your tickets you earned for that day. This is a perfect example of positive punishment. It gave each child an opportunity to earn tickets for good behavior, and a warning system with the cards that possibly would lead to losing your earned tickets. Our teacher was using operant conditioning to produce a change in our
.In addition young athletes have become more aggressive. Kids that participate in competitive sports are becoming more and more aggressive and competitive the sports have become themselves. Mitchell reveals "traits like bullying and the need to dominate their oppo...
I observed the teacher sitting down with a group of students reading a book. As she would read she would have the children repeat what she would say. “Say goodnight to the bird”. This relates to Albert Bandura’s Social Learning theory. This theory claims people learn from one another, via observation, imitation, and modeling.(Berk 2013) The kids are learning by imitating what the teacher is having them say. Later I observed a kid walk over to a small bookshelf and knocked it over. The teacher came over and was visibly upset. She scolded the kid very sternly for this action. This relates to B.F Skinner’s theory of operant conditioning. This is the idea that behavior is determined by its consequences. Whether it be reinforcement or punishments, which make it more or less likely that behavior will happen again.(Berk 2013) Since the adult was stern and made it clear she was disappointed, it lowers the likeliness this child will knock over the bookshelf
There are different ways that a teacher can deal with a student’s undesirable behavior. Some of these strategies are: positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, punishment or extinction. The type of r...
Mather and Goldstein (2015) stated that behaviors can retained or changed with appropriate outcome. Teachers can use the procedure defined by them to accomplish students’ behvaiour using the following outcomes. The very first step is to describe the problem. The second step is to adjust the behavior by emerging a behavior management strategy. The third step is to recognize an effective reinforce and the latest step is to use the reinforce on a regualr basis in order to change the
“Behavior theory consists of ideas about how human actions and emotions develop, are sustained, and are extinguished through principles of learning” (Walsh, 2010). Positive and negative reinforcement is used to help manipulate the behaviors of the individual. The theory has been used to help eliminate unwanted behaviors. In addition, behavior theory has been use primarily with children, and persons with developmental disabilities. According to Walsh (2010) behavior theory evolved in the 1960s from a field of philosophy to the field of science. Ivan Pavlov discovered classical conditioning, which plays a major role in behavioral theory. Classical conditioning is the process of learning through ones surroundings, conditioned, and unconditioned stimuli and response. B. F. Skinner discovered operant conditioning the process of learning to influence the future responses to the environment (Clark, 2004). The two concepts has been used throughout the behavior theory to help assist clients with unacceptable behaviors that is occurring. The combination of the two concepts has been a very helpful aspect to the behavior theory. Both concepts offer a different approach or solution to the behavior of the client.
In handling his students’ inappropriate behavior, Mr. Swan should follow this approach. If the students continue to talk loudly, use tools inappropriately, and hit at each other, he should use a punisher. These behaviors could include the verbal or nonverbal communications for the purpose of stopping behaviors or even a detention. When the students start doing well, they should be reinforced and rewarded for doing good. Reinforcement improves student motivation and it will be effective in helping Mr. Swan handle these students’ inappropriate behaviors.
“A student of life considers the world their classroom” – Harvey MacKay. This quote exemplifies what I aspire to become, a student of life. This is a person who is constantly learning, growing, and evolving, and using the lessons they learn as their platform. In order for one to become a student of life, I believe that learning experiences don’t necessarily always have to happen in the classroom. I have found that through traveling and real life experiences, my way of thinking about life and how things happen has been shaped with a broader understanding of knowledge, rather than just by sitting in a classroom and taking notes. I feel strongly that the traditional model of learning is very effective and that there is much to be learned in this manner, however being able to take what you learn and apply it on a much deeper level through visiting new places and experiencing new cultures and cuisines has helped me develop myself further and become a more well rounded individual.