Hildegard E. Peplau and Interpersonal Relations Theory
Introduction
Nursing theory provides the basics for nursing practice and makes it more meaningful. Nursing theory is necessary for the nursing profession because it serves as a foundation for nursing knowledge, enhances nursing practice and strengthens the focus of care. It helps guide the nursing practice and provide the framework that supports in decision making, planning care and interpreting evidenced-based data and evaluate outcomes. Many well-known nursing theorists made an impact in the nursing profession. This paper will discuss nursing theorist Hildegard Peplau and her theory of interpersonal relations.
Credentials and Background
Hildegard Peplau was born in Pennsylvania in 1909.
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During the duration of all phases of care, the nurse and the patient can interact and work together jointly. The nurse and the patient individually and together, grow as a result of working together to meet goals. The communication is enhanced between the nurse and the patient. Peplau also believed the nurse should have self-awareness at all times to adequately care for the patient and promote the patient’s health growth in a forward direction. “She placed many demands for reflection and change on the nurse as on the patient. The nurse had to know her/himself as well as he/she did the patient” (D'Antonio et al., 2013, p. 312). Complete self-awareness fostered a growing and trusting relationship with the patient. Finally, Peplau had implicit assumptions stated in her book …show more content…
In today’s practice, the relationship between the patient and the nurse has become very crucial in patient’s care. If the nurse is able to have a good rapport and build trust with the patient, the patient will be more inclined to be forthcoming with personal information which helps the nurse gather more insight on the patient. In most nurse-patient care settings, the three phases of care take place. Depending on the type of nursing and environment will depend on the length of each phase. For general medical-surgical nursing, the nurse will initiate the orientation phase at the beginning of the shift or before receiving an admission. The nurse reviews the patient’s chart, introduces self to the patient, gathers information through assessment, involves the patient in goal setting through nursing diagnosis and planning, and establishes rapport. As care continues throughout the shift, the second phase is in work. Nursing interventions are taking place; the patient is responding to nursing care and working towards successfully reaching goals that were set during orientation. The patient and nurse are working together to validate and evaluate goals, promoting health forward as the patient’s condition improves. In the final phase of resolution, the nurse
This theory can be applied across most of the nursing field including research, clinical areas, and education. According to an article that was written about Hildegard Peplau’s theory it stated that, “her idea of nursing as a collaborative, mutual and interprofessional process changed practice, education and research” (D’Antonio, Beeber, Sills, & Naegle, 2013, p. 316). When Peplau first implemented this theory into practice, it was initially used in just psychiatric nursing, however currently it can be used in all practice areas (McCarthy & Aquino-Russell, 2009, p.34). With this nursing theory, both the nurse and the patient have to be willing to participate in the relationship in order for the relationship to be therapeutic and helpful for the patient, which is one of the weaknesses of the theory. Sometimes it is difficult to form a therapeutic realsiotnship with psychiatric patients because the patient does not want to be in the emergency room and does not want to receive help because he or she believes that there is nothing
Firstly, Nurses must develop the right communication tools when dealing with their patients. For example most nurses do bedside reporting, before they change their shift in the morning, therefore they would be relaying information to the other nurse about the patient they dealt with during the night. The nurse that is going off shift would give a report to the incoming nurse in the presence of the patient. He or she has to discuss the condition of the patient, medications and the procedures so the next nurse would be on the same level. Most nurses in the General Hospital do their reporting by the bedside of their patients.
This may be affected more in some fields of nursing than in others due to the amount of time each nurse can be spent with each patient, but should always be incorporated as much as possible. Potter et al. mentions that "by establishing a caring relationship, the understanding that develops helps the nurse to better know the patient as a unique individual and choose the most appropriate and efficacious nursing therapies" (2013, p. 85). By getting to know your patient, it makes your routine slightly easier as you can engage in practice knowing how that patient reacts, thinks and copes with different situations. It also allows that bond of comfort and trust to exist that will have the patient open up to personal feelings and other necessary subjective data needed to fully care for the individual as well as develops credibility when patient education is initiated. This is something that may develop over time but in the acute setting can be established by simply remembering the name of the patient, sometimes that may be all that is necessary for the patient to feel known by the nurse. Just reciprocating conversation about life, their experiences, their fears, and their thoughts on health is substantial for developing a caring moment and incorporating the fourth caritas process between the patient and
As a nurse, it is important to address the needs of a patient during care. These needs are unique to each individual and personalizing it, enable the patients to feel truly cared about. It is important to be educated about these needs as the patients and their families look to you as a guide; therefore, education on things w...
In the nurse-patient relationship, there are three phases that help the relationship develop. Craven and Hirnle (2009) describe the first phase, orientation, “consists of introductions and agreement between nurse and client about their mutual roles and responsibilities” (p. 329). It is in this orientation phase that first impressions are made a...
The best way to look at nursing theories is like the foundational block. Nursing theories are important set the tone of how a nurse will practice. A nurse will use intuition, practice, past expertise and events, and couple with learned theories to work every day in order to give the best patient care. it is all the more important to appreciate what first advanced nursing beyond mechanisms of practice to becoming a knowledge-based force in healthcare: That force is nursing theory and the theoretical thinking and research that generate theory. The complexity and depth of nursing are reflected in its structure of knowledge, which includes discipline-specific components such as philosophies, theories, and research and practice methodologies”( Reed, 2006). Patient care is a wide topic, but a key role in a patient’s care is the patient themselves, an educated patient is vital to their well being and higher level of care.
Every person’s needs must be recognized, respected, and filled if he or she must attain wholeness. The environment must attuned to that wholeness for healing to occur. Healing must be total or holistic if health must be restored or maintained. And a nurse-patient relationship is the very foundation of nursing (Conway et al 2011; Johnson, 2011). The Theory recognizes a person’s needs above all. It sets up the conducive environment to healing. It addresses and works on the restoration and maintenance of total health rather than only specific parts or aspect of the patient’s body or personality. And these are possible only through a positive healing relationship between the patient and the nurse (Conway et al, Johnson).
When a nurse is providing patient care, he/she creates a safe environment for the patient and enables the choice to establish a relationship on a human to human interaction or on a transpersonal level. The patient will be acknowledged as a person with the wholeness of their soul despite their illness or number on the bed. The ten carative factors in this theory are used as an education tool for nurses around the world and should be applied to the different care situations in practice. Nurses use the factors to promote growth in themselves and within the patient. A nurse should respect the patient’s decisions and take the time to fully be present in the moments with the patient. A lot of nurses complain about the time limitations they have and do not provide the necessary amount of time to listen and gather the patient’s perspective of the situation. Another way this theory can be applied to practice is by recognizing the caring moment between you and the patient. This will determine how the relationship will
70). I believe that the patient’s needs always take priority. A good nurse-patient relationship is important when taking care of patients. If a patient can trust the nurse taking care of him or her and they have a good rapport, the patient’s experience will be positive. Peplau’s theory is considered to be an interaction theory, an interaction theory, “revolve[s] around the relationships nurses form with patients” (Colley, 2003, p. 34). I believe that if a nurse does not have a good rapport with the patient, he or she will not be able to heal adequality. The patient might focus more on him or her not getting along with the nurse and thinking that the nurse does not care, then taking the time to make sure that he or she is healing properly. The patient may not ask for pain medication when they are in pain because he or she does not want to deal with the nurse. The environment also has a lot to do with the patient feeling better and healing
Self awareness in nursing refers to how glowing nurses comprehend themselves, their strengths, weaknesses, attitude and ethics in order to better transact with their patients. Self- awareness includes review of self, together with self confidence. Self -regulation express beyond one`s emotion and being trustworthy. For nurses to be able to empathize with their patients and treat them with compassion, they have to be self aware. When nurses are self aware, they are capable to adapt to, or certainly change their attitudes and deed in order to understand how unusual people take care of them hence improving the nurse- patient relationship. Nurses must reflect carefully on whether they can sustain in dependence in caring for a client and whether the relationship interferes with gathering the client’s needs. It is also essential to be sure that providing care to family and friends does not interfere with the care of other clients or with the dynamics of the health care group. Before making the conclusion, the nurse may possibly wish to discuss the situation with colleagues and the employer.
Nursing theories are actions care that a nurse provides to a patient to prevent a sickness, maintain and promote health. Many of the theorists contribute to a frame work or a blueprint of how nurses should provide care to patients. Many these theories are part of nursing care and most of them they go hand in hand. Nursing theory aims to describe, predict and explain the phenomenon of nursing (Chinn and Jacobs1978).Nursing is apprehensive with laws and principles governing the life processes and functioning of sick or well human beings. Nursing theories are beneficial in understanding the knowledge of nursing and its application (Smith and Liehr, 2008).
Nursing theory can be used to empower nurses by giving autonomy and improve skills. With the rise of healthcare, administrative decisions involving nurses could have a negative effect on patient care. There are four concepts that make up the nursing metaparadigm, person, environment, health and nursing and act as the model for nursing care. All theories in the nursing practice proves valuable within the profession but may vary between different theorists depending on what their beliefs are. Some theorists can view the same situation entirely different. Both Rogers and Neuman were theorist that developed theories for viewing and caring for patients but in two different ways. Professionalization, coherence, and enhanced communication are three arguments when determining the importance of theory in nursing. Multi-disciplinary nursing becomes necessary to achieve positive patient
A) Nurses play a special role interacting and building relationships with patients, mediating between patients and doctors, and calming patients amongst a stressful, emotional, and even chaotic atmosphere. When patients hear bad news, nurses are a source of comfort and support with words of encouragement and heart-warming smiles. Genuine compassion, emotional strength, and mental stability are required in order to support and protect a patient’s well being. Furthermore, nurses must primarily acknowledge the patient as an individual rather than a person with an illness and present themselves as a trustworthy companion rather than an obligatory caregiver. Nursing has many attractive qualities because they play various, but crucial, roles outside
Many persons go into the healthcare ground because they want to work with people. For these nurses, it is the nurse-patient relationship that is one of the most significant things. By understanding the nurse-patient relationship, nurses can be better furnished to work with their patients and, eventually, deliver superior care for them. Hildegard Peplau's model of nursing emphases on that nurse-patient relationship and recognizes the diverse roles nurses take on when working with patients.
Research has demonstrated that nursing practice guided by theory from a perspective of nursing and caring has shown “improved patient and nurse satisfaction, and improvement in institutional reputation.” (Dyess et al., 2013, p. 167) Nursing theories specifically are created and shaped to describe this phenomenon called nursing. Afaf Meleis defines nursing theory as “a conceptualization of some aspect of nursing reality communicated for the purpose of describing phenomena, explaining relationships between phenomena, predicting consequences, or prescribing nursing care.” (Meleis, 2012, chap.