Hezbollah or the party of Allah was established during the first Lebanon war in 1982 by Iran and with assistance of Syria, Hezbollah is a Lebanese Shi’ite Muslim terrorist organization which emerged from Baalbek district of Lebanon Bekaa valley. Hezbollah immediately gain the acceptance of the Shia population in south Lebanon specially Beirut. Hezbollah has been inspired by a group of young Iranian who were member of the Iranian Islamic Revolution; their goal was either expelling or killing of the Israeli who are in Lebanon through excessive reliance on physical violence such as series of crude guerrilla attacks like assassination, kidnapping and suicide bombing. Hezbollah is being supported from different countries such as from Arab nationalist, Syria, Iran and Iran‘s Quds forces since it is one of the most successful anti-Muslim military group which is located in the middle east. Hezbollah is an Islamist movements which has three aspects first it is community-oriented part which representing Shia population in Lebanon, second is a nationalist party which is fighting against Israel occupation of Lebanon and finally it is part of an axis allying of Iran and Syria, which renders a crucial actor in middle east. The ideology of Hezbollah has been shaped by the same radical Islam that is being preached by Ayatollah Khomeini and guiding by the principle of Islam. Sayyad Abbas Musawi was the first leader of Hezbollah, he was born in 1952, who was an influential Lebanese Shia cleric who work as a co-founder and secretary general of Hezbollah. He studies theology in a religious school which is Najaf, Iraq, where he was influence by the view of Ruhollah Khomeini, in 1992 he has been killed by Israel Defense Force. After Musawi died Hassa...
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...nce on use of physical violence as a justifiable act and each have their own justification for their acts. Bray believes that act of violence which he is committing is justifiable in a sense that they want to save their society and reconstruct the Christian society based on true biblical teaching of Jesus Christ. For instance, one of the act of violence committed by Bray is bombing abortion clinics and they justify their act by saying that we are saving our society from brutal killers who kills unborn innocent babies. On the other hand, Hezbollah is trying to build the society based Islamic principle and order but not only based on Islamic principle but based on Shiite values, believes and views because they believe that Shia population is one of the oppressed population and being ignored by Lebanese government in giving their rights and response to their demands.
Samii, Abbas William. "The Shah's Lebanon policy: the role of SAVAK." Middle Eastern Studies 33.1 (1997): 66+. World History in Context. Web. 19 May 2014.
...ere is no need to use such extreme non-reversible and almost brutal violence on individuals which they believe can return to society. These two differing philosophic principles are the primary reason as to why the two countries differ.
...god will always save Quran from variations. Also Hezb’allah did not establish to revenge the hundreds of years of oppression and marginalization. Indeed, hezb’allah along with the Lebanon military has contributed in protecting the Lebanon land from many wars with Israel. Although, second article did not have much information to set the main reason of the Sunni-Shia differences. It had a wrong Idea of the meaning of caliphs. Caliph does not has to be a leader of the whole Islamic nations. Caliph is an Arabic name of leader, there is nothing special about the word any less you do not have a good sense of the meaning of word. The Islamic aversions are very deep that have follow our ancestors, which make the aversions even harder to solve. Muslims groups need to need to believe the common essential beliefs and forget the simple disagreements to live in a peaceful life.
The Aztec Empire was the largest civilization of the Americas in the early 16th century until Spanish conquistadors arrived in the New World. A motley crew of men from Spain, they were led by Hernan Cortes who intended to expand lands for the Spanish monarch and through many factors he was able to do just that. The three main factors that contributed to the fall of Tenochtitlan by the hands of Spanish conquistadors were significance of native allies, difference in battle tactics among the natives and conquistadors, and widespread disease. Another chapter in the Spanish colonization of the Americas, this one stands out in particular due to its unorthodox sequence of events that led a small group of men to defeating an entire empire in a few short years.
Hezbollah, meaning “Party of God”, was created out of a volatile time in Lebanon. Lebanon in the 1970s was a collection of warring factions within the country. Palestinian guerrillas, Shiite Muslims, right-wing Christian Phalangists and leftist Sunni Muslims fought alongside as well as against each other for control of Lebanon's destiny. Syria moved in troops to aid the Christian Phalangists against the Shite Muslims. Israel was fighting against the PLO at time, which had footholds in Lebanon. In June 1982, Israeli defense minister, Ariel Sharon ordered 120,000 soldiers to invade southern Lebanon and engage the PLO. The Syrian troops put up little resistance to the Israelis. PLO forces were routed within days. Israel, very quickly, had control of about 25 percent of Lebanon, in...
Huda. "Shia and Sunni Muslims: What's the Difference?" Religion and Spirituality. Ask.com, n.d. Web. 01 May 2014. .
The Sunni and Shiite branches of Islam have been feuding for hundreds of years dating back to the beginning of the Islamic religion. The deity or god of the Sunnis is Allah. The Sunni branch of Islam is the larger of the two branches with over 80% of the Muslim population. The Sunni are the majority in most of the countries that have Islamic followers. There are a few different translations of what Sunna stands for, one of which is “Habitual Practice.” The differences between the two branches can be traced all the back to the 7th century CE when the disagreements as to who should succeed Muhammad. Sunnis believe that the Muslim community should maintain the right to select who the successor to Muhammad is going to be. The Shiite branch maintains the belief that Muhammad has selected his son-in-law to be the successor. Even though the two branches agree on most matters, the Sunni put more power behind god and his determination of fate, and are more inclusive about their definition of being Muslim. The Sunni place heavy belief in the role of religion in some aspects of life and a lot of weight is put on the Islamic law known as Shariah as the standard for a vast range of social issues including marriage and divorce. (Patheos.com)
It has been estimated that Sunnis make up approximately 85 percent of the world’s Muslim population, with Shi’as accounting for much of the rest. When people talk of sectarianism in Islam, these two names, which are rooted in the earliest days of the Islamic caliphate, are the most often mentioned. It may be tempting to make a passing comparison here with the great Protestant-Catholic divide in Christianity. However, whereas that division didn’t occur until well over a thousand years into the life of the church, the great Sunni-Shi’a break came within the lifetime of the surviving companions of the Prophet Muhammad and was not centered on doctrinal disputes. The main reason for the existence of the Shi’a sect is directly related to the election of Abu Bakr as the first caliph of the Muslim community in the year 632. The Prophet had just passed away, and the leaders of Medina gathered to choose a political successor to keep the fledgling Muslim nation united. There was no question about doing this because the Prophet had spoken about it so often. After a heated debate, Abu Bakr was chosen to lead. Ali, the cousin and son-in-law of Muhammad (he was married to Muhammad’s favorite daughter, Fatimah), was not present at that meeting, and he later protested that he should have been given a fair shot at being selected the caliph. Although Ali refused to swear allegiance to Abu Bakr for a few months, eventually he caved in and both he and his supporters took the oath. The stage was set for bad blood, however; and as each new caliph was elected, Ali’s friends stood by in anger, watching other men being given the nod while their beloved leader was passed over. Finally, in 656 when Ali was elected the fourth caliph, his group felt vindicated...
Iraq’s history is one of both prosperity and violence, and dates back to the ancient civilizations of Mesopotamia. While dominated by a variety of civilizations, the region enjoyed a relatively stable society. Since the birth of Islam, the religion has been the dominant cultural belief of the region, and has made its way into the laws and ruling of the region. (InDepth Info, 2010)
In 1625, Jean de Brebeuf a French Jesuit missionary along with other Jesuit missionaries and servants set out and traveled to present day Georgia Bay. The aim of this voyage was the convert the native people of this land known as the Wendat to Christianity. In order to do this, several Jesuit missions were built near the Georgian Bay. However, it was clear from the beginning that the Hurons or Wendat people would not easily accept Brebeuf’s religion of Christinanity. There were many challenges, which he face during his time in the Wendat society, but eventually he was able to convert a sizeable amount of people.
Based on the constructivist view, the Civil War in Syria is initiated by the identity conflict between two groups which are the Assad’s regime and the rebel. Assad’s regime originates from minority Alawite, who made up 12 percent of the Syria population and also dominates most of the position in Syria government (citation). However, this identity conflict is not on religion based as the rebel’s side consists variation of group such as Sunni sect, Free Syrian Army (FSA) and other citizens. Besides, the Assad’s regimes as well consist of other society despite of the Alwite. Based on this condition, it is clearly portray that, even though a group is made up of multiple identities, they still can pursue t...
The division between Shia and Sunni dates back to the death of the Prophet Muhammad, and the question of who was to take over the leadership of the Muslim nation. Sunni Muslims agree with the position taken by many of the Prophet's companions, that the new leader should be elected from among those capable of the job. This is what was done, and the Prophet Muhammad's close friend and advisor, Abu Bakr, bec...
This group was created in 1978 and continues to expand its power today. It began as a branch of Egypt's Muslim Brotherhood. This terrorist group has several goals ranging from creating a Islamic state to continuing the armed struggle against Israeli occupation of Palestine territories. Their acts of terrorism to date have included suicide bomb attacks against Israeli civilians to attacks on suspected Palestinian collaborators.
In both given articles, “The Roots of Muslim Rage” by Bernard Lewis, and “The Roots of Muslim Rage Revisited” by Nicolaas J.E. van der Zee, argue about the enhancement of the Muslim fundamentalism with different perspectives; however, I believe that Lewis’ view may be quiet misleading to the actual perception. Lewis indicates that Muslim fundamentalism is conceived through the Muslim community’s oppression and dissatisfaction with the West’s political involvement, as well as “Islam is a source of aggression” . In defiance of Lewis’ opinion, the word ‘Islam’ comes from the word peace as well as the will of submission to God. The notion of aggression and violence that Lewis conceptualizes to be the headline of Islam does not have any supporting
QUESTION ONE: Hannah Arendt argues for a crucial distinction between politics, which she takes to be the realm of speech, conversation and debate, and violence, which she suggests is ‘speechless’. Others we have studied this term propose something different – that politics and violence are inseparable, and that one invariably entails the other. With direct reference to at least one of that authors considered in Theories of Conflict and Violence, consider the relationship between politics and violence.