Wait a second!
More handpicked essays just for you.
More handpicked essays just for you.
An essay on the idea of atonement
Historical context of Isaiah 53
Exegetical paper of Isaiah 52:13-53:12
Don’t take our word for it - see why 10 million students trust us with their essay needs.
Recommended: An essay on the idea of atonement
Perhaps no text in the Hebrew scriptures is as contentiously debated between Jews and Christians as Isaiah 53. Readers ask, who is God's servant that is conferred to within this prophecy? The debate over this passage has produced a list of polemical arguments and still continue to do so. The most common among these arguments are predominantly between Christian and Jewish interpretations of this text. The interpretation of this prophecy differs greatly between the two views. Christians use it as evidence of Jesus' primary role as the Jewish Messiah. Contrary to that, Jewish scholars argue zealously that it is symbolic of the nation of Israel. Furthering, Christians read Isaiah’s riveting depiction of excessive suffering and see Jesus on the …show more content…
Further questioning of this accusation would be to ask if the nation of Israel has actually ever atoned for the sins of people. Isaiah 53:6 states, “All of us like sheep have gone astray, each of us has turned to his own way, but the Lord has caused the iniquity of us to fall on Him”. The first bit of evidence is that Israel is not in fact a sinless nation. Isaiah 1:4 asserts this truth by starting off with “Alas you sinful nation, a people laden with iniquity, a brood of evildoers, children who are corrupters”. Later, in the same chapter, verses 10, 15, and 21, all speak to characterize Judah as Sodom, Jerusalem as a harlot, and the people of those whose hands were stained with blood. Christians assert these verses as truth against the Jews views of this scripture. The suffering servant within this passage was claimed to be innocent and guiltless. The verses listed previously describe a sinful, and therefore guilty, …show more content…
Sinlessness is not to be confused though with those who are still sinners. Righteousness is a term which can be applied to individuals who are still sinners but this is presented throughout the Hebrew Scriptures as being a righteousness of practice , not of inherent being or essence. This is critical to understand. Namely because the inherent righteousness that is discussed above is precisely the kind needed according to symbolism of atonement. This process was completed through a spotless sacrificial animal that is presented throughout the law of the Old
The Hebrew Scriptures Truth, scripture, and revelation are three concepts that the Bible is based on. Truth is defined as the way that things are or should be. It can relate to reality or wisdom. Truth can be communicated in a variety of ways. Literally, which is facts and figures and can be shown in math and science.
The major issue is How Christians read the OT and the references to the triune God’s self-revelation in Jesus Christ, how these scripture of Israel relates to the church, and can the NT support the orthodox teaching of Jesus (p. 732). Many issues on typologies and allegories arise today as they did in the pass. A typology in Christian theology that is seen often in OT and NT is “Day of the Lord” (Joel 2:31 & Acts 2:20) yet this single event has multiple manifestations. Another typology is the Servant Song typology found in Isaiah. Isaiah identifies himself as the servant in Isaiah 50:9, but in Isaiah 53 we see the servant is identified as Jesus. Isaiah identifies Israel as the servant in Isaiah 49:3. This use of servant seems to reflect the book of Isaiah itself, with some of his writing being prophetic and some being historic. Another typology is the Babylon of the OT (Isaiah 13:19, 14:4; 21:9; 48:14; Ezekiel 12:13, 21:19; Jeremiah 27:17, 38:23, 50:1,13,23 51:1,8,41,… ), which was a real place, but the Babylon of the NT (1 Peter 5:13 & Rev. 14:8 17:5) is generally seen as prophetic. With the presence of typologies in the scripture the study of scripture must be done in such a fashion that care is done to identify these typologies an allegories. We must have open eyes when reading scripture to see these connections between OT and
Jeremiah had a very unique message in his time that dealt with the way that people lived their own lives. He believed that sin was chiefly directed towards Judah. It states this point in Jeremiah chapter 5 verse 11, "For the house of Israel and the house of Judah have been utterly faithless to me, says the Lord." (Harper Collins, 1124). With that, the sins of Judah were that of the sins of the people of Judah. Each person must reduce his or her own sins in order for the whole nation to finally turn to God (Baughman, 153).
They are corrupt, they have committed abominable deeds; There is no one who does good. The Lord has looked down from heaven upon the sons of men to see if there are any who understand, who seek after God. They have all turned aside, together they have become corrupt; There is no one who does good, not even one. Do all the workers of wickedness not know, who eat up my people as they eat bread, And do not call upon the Lord? There they are in great dread, For God is with the righteous generation. You would put to shame the counsel of the afflicted, But the Lord is his refuge. Oh, that the salvation of Israel would come out of Zion! When the Lord restores His captive people, Jacob will rejoice, Israel will be
Isaiah was written before Messiah came, and wanted the people to be ready for when Messiah did come. I believe this passage fits in context with the book in that it serves as both an encouragement and a warning to the people. First, the people should be encouraged that Messiah is indeed coming to save the people. However, I believe Isaiah wrote this passage to warn the people that they needed to prepare themselves for the coming Messiah. Isaiah wrote this knowing that Jesus would be despised by many, and I believe he was trying to tell the people to be in expectance of him, in hopes that they would not turn against their Lord.
It was therefore logical that they were to be offered to God. As far as the animals were concerned, those in this position that were considered to be clean would subsequently be sacrificed. Those considered unclean would however be redeemed first. However, the redemption of firstborn humans was different; they were to either substitute an animal or part with a fixed sum. People condemned to death would also find redemption through the payment of parti...
While Jeremiah is interpreted from many perspectives, some early Christian apologists proof-texted his words as an indication that the Jews had been cast aside by God because they had not remained faithful to Him and his Mosaic covenant. Jesus of Nazareth was the fulfillment of Jeremiah's prophesies, so some claimed, and the Jews would remain shunned and doom...
Even the shepherds have no compassion for them. 6 And likewise, I will no longer have pity on the inhabitants of the land," says the LORD. I will let them fall into each other's clutches, as well as into the clutches of their king. They will turn the land into a wilderness, and I will not protect them." 7
God’s goodness and mercy far transcends the comprehension of the most brilliant human mind! He “who stoops down to look on the heavens and the earth”(Psalm 113:6).Yet in His infinite love for us He stoops down to reveal Himself to us by a multitude of illustration, types, and shadows, so that we may learn to know him. This paper will describe what is meant by the Kingdom of God; examine the religious philosophy of the various sects of Judaism during the Second Temple period: Pharisee, Sadducees, Essenes, and Zealots, describe the religious philosophy and political philosophy of each sects, it will also describe how the Messianic expectation differ from the Messianic role that Jesus presented, and include an exegesis of the temptation of Jesus and how other sects defined the Messiah.
Stuart has authored commentaries and articles in journals and magazines. The authors acknowledge that many books have been written on this topic. Their goal is to be unique by focusing on different types of literature (genres) so their readers will understand how to properly interpret them in the context they were written. This review will examine the principles the authors use to interpret the Bible. The review will summarize the book, followed by a critique, and a conclusion.
Sin has been defined as many things by many groups throughout the ages. In the Old Testament it was defined as a failure to hit a mark or an attitude of rebellion. In the New Testament it is defined as failing to conform to a standard or as a condition. However, we must decide for ourselves what it means in our own lives. The Holy Spirit will guide us in our definition. Without being taught right and wrong we still are able to decipher between the two.
This paper will compare the concept of the Messiah within Judaism and the development of the messianic tradition within Christianity. Consideration will be given to Judaic thought on how this religion understands the concept of the Messiah. Defining how throughout history it shaped the foundation of this religion to distinguish its own individual identity. Analysis will focus on the abstraction of the Messiah and how Jewish believers interpret the coming of the Messiah in connection with the prophecy of Isaiah. Discussing how eschatology is understood in this religion compared to Christianity, and how different Jewish groups define the Messiah prophecy from early history up until the modern day era.
Isaiah is thought to be one of the greatest poets of the Bible, and his book a classic of the Hebrew language. His writing has a very concise style, effective imagery, and an equilibrium between form and content which classify the type of poetry as classical. From the theological aspect, Isaiah moves in the religious tradition influenced by David's dynasty and the election of Sion, and also contributed to the shape and expression of the messianic hopes (Obstat, p.278).
The rule of Biblical interpretation that was not followed and should have been was when a contradiction like this appears, the emphasis should only be given to the multiple passages that are clear rather than to a passage that is isolated and obscure. The only basis for establishing a doctrine cannot be based off the historical occurrence of an event. As well as the writer’s original intent must be the only valid interpretation of a Scripture passage.
The book is an account of the past of the Jewish people. It is powerful in its ability to foretell the future. Isaiah is a book, much like Jeremiah from our previous assignment that calls out to God and questions why things are unjust. People at times wonder if God has left themor no one or nothing is in actual control—these are questions that are being asked today. The answer today is the same as yesterday—Isaiah reminds us that we are limited in our true understanding of God’s ways and