The heart is one of the most important organs in the human body. It is composed of cardiac muscle and has four chambers. The two atria, receive blood from the systemic and pulmonary circulation veins whereas the two ventricles pumps blood into the systemic and pulmonary arteries. To prevent the black flow of blood between these chambers there are the heart valves. (Stevens)
The heart is composed of three layers, which are the epicardium, myocardium and the endocardium. The epicardium is the outermost layer which is covered with flat mesothelial cells. The middle layer is called the myocardium which makes up the bulk. The myocardium is responsible for the pumping of the heart. The inner most layer is the endocardium which is directly in contact with the circulation of the blood. The endocardium is covered by endothelial cells and this layer lines the chambers. (Stevens)
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(Myocardial Infarction (Heart Attack) Causes and Warning Signs.)
The heart attack disrupts the normal electrical wiring- SA, AV node, which leads to abnormal heart rhythms. This is also a cause for the damage to the visceral and the parietal pericardium. The heart attack weakens the contractile mechanism causing a damage to the myocardium which is responsible for the pumping of the heart which further results in shortness of breath. (Fishbein)
Myocardial infarct causes structural damage to the visceral and the parietal pericardium as the smooth lubricated surfaces are no more so the friction free movement of the heart is weakened or diminished. As the heart failure occurs, the myofibroblasts are found in large amounts in the heart as they produce cytokines which helps maintain the inflammatory response to injury. (Baum) During myocardial infarction, Purkinje fibers and other parts of the conducting system are damaged due to a lack of oxygen when the arterial supply is no more.
Throughout the heart, Cardiac Muscle cells are connected together to form a large network from one end to the other. These cells form a shape such that each individual cell always remains in-contact with 3 others cells at all times.
Cardiomyopathy, by definition, means the weakening of the heart muscle. The heart is operated by a striated muscle that relies on the autonomic nervous system to function. Cardiomyopathy is diagnosed in four different ways based on what caused the illness and exactly what part of the heart is weakened. The four main types of cardiomyopathy are dilated cardiomyopathy, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, restrictive cardiomyopathy, and arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia. One other category of cardiomyopathy that is diagnosed is “unclassified cardiomyopathy.” Unclassified cardiomyopathy is the weakening of the heart that does not fit into the main four categories.
The heart is a pump made of muscle tissue. The heart has four pumping chambers: two upper chambers, called atria, and two lower chambers, called ventricles. To keep the blood flowing forward during its journey through the heart, there are valves between each of the heart's pumping chambers. These valves are the tricuspid valve, the pulmonary valve, the mitral valve, and the aortic valve. The tricuspid valve is located between the right atrium and the right ventricle. The pulmonary valve is located between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery. The mitral valve is located between the left atrium and the left ventricle. The aortic valve is located between the left ventricle and the aorta (Surgery: What to Expect – Heart Valve Replacement.
The walls of arteries are made up of three layers same as veins. Its inner endothelium is composed of epithelial cells which is very smooth. This layer helps minimise the friction. The tunica media provides strength and elasticity. It contains smooth muscles, collagen and large amount of elastic fibres.
The heart is an organ that is controlled by an electrical system, which is the one that makes you contract in each beat. If a heart attack injury causes an alteration in this circuit, there are so-called cardiac arrhythmias, where the heart does not contract in a rhythmic way, which causes serious consequences at a general level.
The heart serves as a powerful function in the human body through two main jobs. It pumps oxygen-rich blood throughout the body and “blood vessels called coronary arteries that carry oxygenated blood straight into the heart muscle” (Katzenstein and Pinã, 2). There are four chambers and valves inside the heart that “help regulate the flow of blood as it travels through the heart’s chambers and out to the lungs and body” (Katzenstein Pinã, 2). Within the heart there is the upper chamber known as the atrium (atria) and the lower chamber known as the ventricles. “The atrium receive blood from the lu...
Most often the disease starts in the left ventricle, and then often spreads to both the atrium and right ventricle as well. Usually there will also be mitral and tricuspid regurgitation, due to the dilation of the annuli. This regurgitation will continue to make problems worse by adding excessive volume and pressure to the atria, which is what then causes them to dilate. Once the atria become dilated it often leads to atrial fibrillation. As the volume load increases the ventricles become more dilated and over time the myocytes become weakened and cannot contract as they should. As you might have guessed with the progressive myocyte degeneration, there is a reduction in cardiac output which then may present as signs of heart failure (Lily).
The heart is two sided and has four chambers and is mostly made up of muscle. The heart’s muscles are different from other muscles in the body because the heart’s muscles cannot become tired, so the muscle is always expanding and contacting. The heart usually beats between 60 and 100 beats per minute. In the right side of the heart, there is low pressure and its job is to send red blood cells. Blood enters the right heart through a chamber which is called right atrium. The right atrium is another word for entry room. Since the atrium is located above the right ventricle, a mixture of gravity and a squeeze pushes tricuspid valve into the right ventricle. The tricuspid is made up of three things that allow blood to travel from top to bottom in the heart but closes to prevent the blood from backing up in the right atrium.
It is about the size of a person's fist. The heart has four chambers. The upper two chambers are the right artium and left atrium, and the lower two are the right ventricle and left ventricle. Blood is pumped through the chambers, aided by four heart valves. The valves open and close to let the blood flow in only one direction.
As humans we need the heart to pump blood all around the body in order
Oxygen was first admitted to the client with chest pain over 100 years ago (Metcalfe, 2011). Chest pain is a large bracket that can contain many different conditions, but for the purpose of this analysis it is focused manly upon a myocardial infarction. A myocardial infarction is mainly referred to as a heart attack, and occurs when one or more coronary arteries leading to the heart reduce or completely stop blood flow (Tuipulotu, 2013 ). Administering high concentrations of oxygen to patients with chest pain is now embedded in guidelines, protocols and care pathways, even with a lack of clear supporting evidence (Nicholson, 2004 ). High concentration of oxygen means that up to 60% is administered (Knott, 2012). More recent research has suggested that the use of oxygen in this scenario is unnecessary and can lead to unwanted side effects, especially in normoxic cardiac patients (Moradkham & Sinoway, 2010 ). The aim of this comparative analysis is to dismantle and understand both the benefits and risks of the commonly known practice of administration of oxygen to the client with chest pain. Through completing this analysis using recent and appropriate evidence a more improved practice can be given and understood.
As an individual thinks about the heart they may not fully understand the amount of work that the heart does in order to keep the blood flowing throughout the body. The heart is made up of four chambers and two pumps. The top half of the heart is made up of a right and left atrium while the bottom portion of the heart is made up of a right and left ventricle. The right side of the heart pumps blood throughout the pulmonary circuit which supplies blood to the lungs. While the left side of the heart pumps blood through the systemic circuit which supplies blood to the tissues, muscles, and organs of the body.
Heart failure is a chronic and progressive disease where the heart muscles fail to properly pump the necessary amount of blood through the body (American Heart Association). According the Center of Disease and Control (CDC), 5.7 million adults are suffering from heart failure and 1:9 cases result in death. Though, heart failure is general term and encompasses three types of heart failure. The different types of heart failure are left-sided heart failure, right-side heart failure, and congestive heart failure and each has distinctive features that define them. Left side heart failure is described as the heart’s failure to pump blood to the body. Right side heart failure occurs when there is an increased build up in fluid as blood is being returned
The red blood cell is part of the heart and circulatory system. Heart and blood vessels, including things like arteries, veins, and capillaries, make up the circulatory system. Our bodies have two circulatory systems, the pulmonary system and the systemic system. The pulmonary system goes from the heart to the lungs, then it comes back again. The systemic system sends blood throughout the body. The heart is a big part of the circulatory system. It’s main function is to propel blood throughout the body. The heart goes faster when needed, like when you are running or you are scared, but it can also go slower, like when you’re sleeping. The bottom of the heart is split into two parts called the right and left ventricles. They pump blood out of the heart. The upper part is made of the right and left atria. They take blood coming in through the heart. The arteries carry the blood away from the heart. Arterial walls have three layers. The endothelium is on the inside and it provides smoothness
Cardiovascular Disease, have three things in common that is cardiovascular disease attacks any age of a person. Cardiovascular is a disease that attacks the heart of an individual, as well as claiming the lives of youth to elderly. The causes are fat around the heart, symptoms are feeling of tightness in the chest, management of being healthy by keeping the stress level down, and the prevention of the cardiovascular disease is to stop smoking and have a healthy diet.