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Health care cost in the united states essay
Characteristics of the US healthcare system
Health care system in the USA
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The Health Care Market The US health care sector is large and growing – health care spending in 2011 amounted to $2.7 trillion and 18% of GDP (Gaynor, Ho, & Town, 2014). In fact, approximately half of health care output is allocated via markets. Although most Americans like to think that the U.S. has the best health care system in the world, the fact is that Americans pay far more for health care than any other country (NCHQA). Processes generated within health care systems can be evaluated in two ways: 1) by examining factors that influence health; and 2) measuring what medical care is ideally supposed to produce (Hicks, 2014). Some of these ways will be visited in this paper. This paper will discuss several aspects of the health care market, …show more content…
Rose Hoban notes that according to Kevin Schulman, director of health sector management at the Fuqua School of Business, there little evidence that mergers result in substantial changes on the ground in terms of service provisions (2013). She also notes that David Dranove of the Walter McNerney Professor of Health Industry Management at Northwestern University’s Kellogg School of Management share a similar perspective. Dranove suggests that the result is that the people end up with organizations that have accumulated market power but haven’t really changed the way health care is …show more content…
There are several benefits of being a part of an HMO, especially for the providers. For instance, under some managed care organizations (typically IPAs or PPOs), providers are provided a straight salary (Hicks, 2014). Under salary compensation, a physician’s income is not affected by treatment choices made. Also, under another alternative, capitation, a physician receives a certain sum per patient, irrespective of what services are provided to the patient (2014). The disadvantage with that is that an extreme form of capitation would pay a primary care physician receives a certain sum per patient and makes him or her financially responsible for all care (2014). Hicks posits that this provides a very strong incentive to limit the care provided and puts the physician at great risk if a patient should need treatment for a catastrophic illness
Zuckerman, A.M., Healthcare mergers and acquisitions: strategies for consolidation. Healthcare Financial Management. 2011 Summer; 27(4):3-12; discussion 39-41.
Health Maintenance Organizations, or HMO’s, are a very important part of the American health care system. Also referred to as managed care programs, HMO's are combinations of doctors and insurance companies that are formed into one organization. This organization provides treatment to its members at fixed costs and decides on what treatment, if any, will be given based on the patient's or doctor's current health plan. Sometimes, no treatment is given at all. HMO's main concerns are to control costs and supposedly provide the best possible treatment to their patients. But it seems to the naked eye that instead their main goal is to get more people enrolled so that they can maintain or raise current premiums paid by consumers using their service. For HMO's, profit comes first- not patients' lives.
In the early 1990s insurance companies, in attempt to control spiraling medical costs, created what would be termed “health maintenance organizations”, also known as HMOs. What HMOs do is create a team of physicians and medical personnel that the patients agrees to use. Within the contracts both the patient and the doctor sign, limits and restrictions are put on what the hospital will reimburse and what they will or will not provide in order to keep the costs down. At the beginning, these organizations were successful in bringing medical costs down and has made health insurance more affordable than ever. However, the contracts that the HMOs have you sign basically limits the doctor on how he or she can treat their patients, thus putting their job as the physician in the hands of the HMO. As profits began to go up and down these organizations have put more effort into keeping their costs down and have lost sight of actually caring fir the patients they are insuring.
Despite the established health care facilities in the United States, most citizens do not have access to proper medical care. We must appreciate from the very onset that a healthy and strong nation must have a proper health care system. Such a health system should be available and affordable to all. The cost of health services is high. In fact, the ...
HMOs were designed–by Democrats and Republicans to dispose of individual medical coverage. Under an HMO course of action, individuals pay a set sum each month, and the HMO consents to give all their care or to pay for the secured mind that they can't give. The HMO enlists doctors and sets up clinics. The individual picks a particular supplier for his or her care called a primary care physician (PCP). Individuals agree to accept HMO coverage through their employer or through an individual arrangement.
Regulation plays a huge role in the healthcare industry. The healthcare industry restrain of health care costs by imposing price controls ignore the long history of failure through that process. Regulated prices prevent markets from efficiently allotting resources, leaning to unescapable deficiencies and failing quality, while boiling improvement and averting care to inequitable black markets. Internationally, tight price controls in Japan manifest many of these failures, while the Netherlands has relished advances in cost and quality by abandoning them for market-based pricing. Government –fixed prices for hospitals in Maryland and under Medicare have worked only to expand costs and the power of providers. Now, with Obamacare increasing the taxpayers’ duty for funding health care, all knowledge proposes that efforts to regulate provider prices will likely prove expensive and counterproductive.
The health care system in the United States is one of the most complex forms of healthcare system. What makes the system complex is that there are multiple factors involved. For example, there are multiple players and payers involved in the system. This includes physicians, administrator of health services institutions, insurance companies, large employers and lastly the Government Shi & Singh, 2012). Each of these players and payers are involved to protect their own economic interest. Hospitals for instances, wants to maximize reimbursement from both private and public insurers. Insurance companies and managed care organizations are concerned with how they can maintain their share of the health care insurance market, while physicians seek to maximize their income and have minimal interference with the way they practice medicine (Shi & Singh, 2012). It is obvious that there is no centrality of the health care system. In other words, there is no one department or in particular government body that is unilaterally in charge of the administration of the health care system as it is in the other developed nations where they have a single payer system, which is the government. Instead, the U. S. has health system that is financed by private sectors. According to Shi and Singh,(2012), 54% of total health care expenditures is privately financed through employers , while the remaining 46% is financed by the government. Lack of centrality in monitoring the total expenditures through global budgets or control over the availability and utilization of services coupled with most hospitals and clinics now been privately owned may potential...
The Center of Disease Control and Prevention (2013) reported that, more than 35% of U.S. adults are obese and suffer metabolic syndrome which can include heart disease, stroke, type 2 diabetes and a variety of cancers, causing the US more than hundreds of billion dollars for their medical care. It makes some wonder whether the health care Americans have chosen to support our country was the right choice. A managed health care system might not be the most efficient at times but compared to a Universal plan, Managed care looks golden. America’s managed health care dates back to the 19th century when rural American workers agreed to a set fee for physicians to deliver care to them and their families. After World War II however, hospitals and clinics started popping up all over our country enrolling more than half a million people. By the 1970’s healthcare became common place and the choice of HMO, PPO etc... were formed. Employers began to see managed care as a necessity for their employees and now healthcare comes as a job benefit (Tufts Managed Care Institute, 1998). Having a health care plan through work The alternative choice to a managed healthcare is a Universal healthcare which is a government-funded program. This health care system dates back just as far as managed health care however, this has never been much of a success in the American System (Karen S. Palmer,1999).
The most important component of health care reform system in the United States of America is economic transformation. In the first instance,
The U.S. expends far more on healthcare than any other country in the world, yet we get fewer benefits, less than ideal health outcomes, and a lot of dissatisfaction manifested by unequal access, the significant numbers of uninsured and underinsured Americans, uneven quality, and unconstrained wastes. The financing of healthcare is also complicated, as there is no single payer system and payment schemes vary across payors and providers.
Market economics, especially in healthcare has advantages and disadvantages. For example, market economies are based on the concept that people are free to make their own choices about what services or products to purchase within the healthcare industry. This system can be efficient because a capitalist market system aims to produce goods with a minimum of wasted resources (Metcalf, 2012). Then on the downside a market economy will produce what people want, not necessarily what they need, which can raise prices for the average consumer/patient. For instance, the more consolidated a healthcare system is the greater the drawbacks. In other words, higher healthcare prices resulting from greater market power. “Market power increases because it is difficult for insurers to bargain successfully with one of only a few health systems and clinicians gain market power through consolidation by raising prices to the payers” (Cutler & Morton, 2013). Therefore, there are many decisions healthcare facilities need to consider before opening up to the public such as looking for a less concentrated area, identifying new sources of patients for referrals, offering something unique to differentiate from other providers, and creating a healthcare market that has not been built
The United States health care system is one of the most expensive systems in the world yet it is known as being unorganized and chaotic in comparison to other countries (Barton, 2010). This factor is attributed to numerous characteristics that define what the U.S. system is comprised of. Two of the major indications are imperfect market conditions and the demand for new technology (Barton, 2010). The health care system has been described as a free market in
This allows physicians the opportunity to provide the best treatment options that are available without worrying about cost. If hospitals are offered incentives to limit or reduce care based the belief that administrators, patient-provider relationships will be affected. Consumers believe that the health care team has their best interest at heart. They also believe that the health care team will do everything possible to ensure they receive the best treatment possible. Inference from hospital administration in the care of patient could delay life saving treatments, and tie the hands of physicians when quick action is needed. If a pricing standards are established across the board for every hospital and every physician, health care may not be affected. Physicians might become more concerned with meeting the mark instead of providing the best care, depending on the consequences. I believe that in this case malpractice insurance will increase, hence physician cost will increase. Kaufman stated, “medical directors should have the authority to set the standard for their service line”, but what standard at one hospital may not be the same at another (Kaufman, 2011). Another problem with this proposal, who sets the standard? For example, treat for patients in emergency rooms vary from hospital to hospital. Patients are different, illness present in different ways, therefore treatment should remain in the hands of the treating physician without the cloud of management looming over. With that being said, unless a realistic cap or standard is placed on the treatment of patients, I think that a reduction in physician autonomy would cause a decline in patient care. In contrast, the ACA includes provision that recognizes the need for physician autonomy. Many provisions in the ACA offer consumer’s health care plans that allow for
Gerard F. Anderson, Uwe E. Reiinhardt, Peter S. Hussey, Varduhi Petrosyan. It’s the Prices, Stupid: Why the United States Is So Different From Other Countries. Health Affairs. (2003, May) www.medscape.com/viewarticle/452954
Welcome to our city YRN. We have 600,000 residents in our city. Our city is cold during the winter and hot during the summer. We love the cold weather because it helps get rid of fungus on plants and crops. We love the hot weather because the sun helps our crops with photosynthesis. Our city consist of many mountains, oceans, and plains. We get our water from snow, rain, hail, rivers, oceans and lakes. 25 percent of our city is crops, 25 percent of our city is forests, and 50 percent of our city consists of industries. We need forests because we not want our city to trap heat.