Halon Vs PhostrEx
Halon has been the choice for aviation around the world for years, but it’s known for effects of depleting the ozone and is evaluated for human health concerns. In results, this gives the Aviation community a different approach when using Halon fire suppression systems aboard aircraft and finding its replacement agent. But finding a replacement agent will not be easy due to the current use of halon on board aircraft around the world. Task groups which are a part of the International Halon Replacement Working Group (IHRWG), has proposed several agents to the FAA in testing on board aircraft. The IHRWG expressed the testing agents as halocarbons which has similar chemicals to the regular halon substance but less environmental impact, tolerable toxicity and has to be effective against aircraft fires. The FAA Technical Center had almost completed the evaluation for hand held extinguishers but as for circulating systems used for cargo bays and engine nacelles, the process might take just a little bit longer. As for my opinion, the only agent that comes close to completely replacing halon is an agent called PhostrEx.
Halon is basically a gas that’s liquefied and is used to extinguish fires interfering with the chain reaction of the fire triangle. This agent leaves no residue and it is very non conductive when it is discharged. There are at least two three different Fire extinguishers and suppression halon systems used and approved by the FAA. These agents are Halon 1211, Halon 1301 and the combination of the two.
Halons have been tested to be harmful to the Earth’s stratospheric ozone layer which makes the global warming potential unacceptable. The United States has banned import halon production on Jan 1...
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...hostrEx as been set into the market, manufactures all over the globe would have converted over to the new agent.
Works Cited
Eric C. Shilling (1996, February) Halon and its replacements for Fire Suppression System in Aircraft. Retrieved December 2, 2013 from http://www.fs.fed.us/t-d/pubs/html/96571301/96571301.html
Joe Escobar (2006, March) PhostrEx Fire Suppession System. Retrieved November 6, 2013 from http://search.proquest.com.ezproxy.libproxy.db.erau.edu/docview/223756675
Robin Bennett(2011, April) Replacing Halon in Fire Protection Systems: A Progress Report. Retrieved November 6, 2013 from http://www.boeing.com/commercial/aeromagazine/articles/2011 q4/3/
NMBW Staff (2005, July) Eclipse introduces new chemical fire-suppression system. Retrieved November 6, 2013 from http://www.bizjournals.com/albuquerque/stories/2005/07/25/daily10.html?jst=b ln hl
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One of the deadliest nightclub fires in United States history occurred on May 28, 1977, a busy Memorial Day weekend in the suburbs of Cincinnati. The Beverly Hills Supper Club was a popular nightclub located in Southgate, Campbell County, Kentucky in the greater Cincinnati area. It was located on a hill less than 1000 ft. from the highway on seventeen acres of land just three miles from downtown Cincinnati (Beverly Hills Supper Club Fire D-1). It has since become a case study for its numerous code violations and the behavior of the fire from ignition to building collapse. While there is no one contributing factor to the significant loss of life at this facility, a study of the building’s history, the sequence of the fire’s progression, and an analysis of the fire’s chemistry can provide some valuable lessons to the future firefighter.
...job of a firefighter is not much different than that of a mechanic, both are called upon to fix a broken situation. Like a mechanic a firefighter has a large assortment of tools in their toolboxes, certain tools are better suited for particular situations than others, without these tools both professions would be ineffective at their duties. The smooth bore nozzle, and the fog/combination nozzle, are two of the most common nozzle types that a firefighter has a available in his toolbox. While the fog/combination nozzle is a valued tool for sepfic tasks, the benefits of the smooth bore nozzle make it a safer and more effective nozzle for direct fire attack compared to the fog or combination nozzle. I hope to prove my thesis through continued research and reporting using the sources and articles, like those above, that have been authored on this longstanding debate.
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The most pressing issue facing Detroit, in regard to fire, is the steady amount of burning vacant or delipidated buildings, and second to that is the high rate of home fires. For the purposes of this project, the capabilities of
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Stratospheric ozone absorbs 97-99% of ultraviolet radiation. As this protective layer continues to dissentigrate, human health will suffer. One American dies every hour from skin cancer, a direct result of ozone depletion by anthropogenic chemicals, primarily CFCs, which damage the ozone layer. Alternate chemicals are now being used in the place of CFCs that will not damage statospheric ozone, and there is international recognition of the importance of developing these chemicals. The Montreal Protocol is an international treaty which limits the production of ozone depleting substances. Still, human health is at risk from the deletion of ozone, and the risk factor will continue to rise unless people and industries become more aware of the implications connected with everyday use of chemicals which destroy stratospheric ozone.
A.P. HERSMAN, CHRISTOPHER A. HART, and ROBERT L. SUMWALT. National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB), 6 May 2010. Web. 19 July 2010. .
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In the area of the firemen¡¦s own personal protective equipment, it too has be advanced because of computers. Twenty-five years ago, the turnout gear worn by firefighters was used to keep the firefighter from getting wet mainly then with the introduction of Nomex, which was a self-extinguishing man-made material, then came Gortex and PBI.
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There are different classes of fire and extinguishers which depends on what is on fire. This is important to familiarize with to be able to know what type of extinguisher should be used in case of fire.
In 1970, Crutzen first showed that nitrogen oxides produced by decaying nitrous oxide from soil-borne microbes react catalytically with ozone hastening its depletion. His findings started research on "global biogeochemical cycles" as well as the effects of supersonic transport aircraft that release nitrogen oxide into the stratosphere.2 In 1974, Molina and Rowland found that human-made chlorofluorocarbons used for making foam, cleaning fluids, refrigerants, and repellents transform into ozone-depleting agents.3 Chlorofluorocarbons stay in the atmosphere for several decades due to their long tropospheric lifetimes. These compounds are carried into the stratosphere where they undergo hundreds of catalytic cycles with ozone.4 They are broken down into chlorine atoms by ultraviolet radiation.5 Chlorine acts as the catalyst for breaking down atomic oxygen and molecular ozone into two molecules of molecular oxygen.
The emission of green house gasses due to human activity contributes the most in increasing global warming. Today, fossil fuels are used as a source of energy for transportation, electricity, industrial process and to increase human comfort in this era. Over the last decade humans have created mass amount of industries. These industries have been burning fossil fuels such as coal, which release carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide; carbon dioxide absorbs heat that raises the temperature of the earth. More than 80% of carbon dioxide comes from tr...