Bar Halperin
B-H/Nelson
World Studies Periods 1-2
6 January 2014
Biographical Data Sheet
Subject: Guglielmo Marconi
Family Background / Early Life
Guglielmo Marconi’s study of science began when he was a young boy and his family eventually supported his efforts. He was the offspring of a wealthy Italian landowner, Giuseppe, and his Irish wife, Anne Jameson. Marconi’s parents were very strict. Since his father was very rich from his properties, Marconi was able to have many tutors, and his education was outstanding. Young Guglielmo was especially interested in science, and he conducted many early experiments on his family’s compound. At first, his father did not support his experiments and inventions, but later on he realized that his son’s early discoveries were important and should be shared with other scientists. These early discoveries included sending signals across a hill over a distance of 1.2 miles, which challenged the theory that radio communication was limited because of obstacles that can block radio waves. In addition to his father’s praise, Marconi received the help of his mother’s family, who managed to make valuable contacts for this young scientist. With the assistance of his parents and his own inventive talent gave him a big start towards becoming a scientist.
Education and Significant Life Shaping Events
Education was very important to Marconi’s parents and Marconi himself studies both formally and informally in many places. In a laboratory that was located in his father’s home in the Bolonguaneze countryside, Marconi did experiments and realized that he wanted to be an inventor. As a child, Marconi had a great interest in electrical science and electromagnetic waves. His tutor, Vincenzo Roza, helped him exp...
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...something like this happened. There is also a national historic site which was established in Nova Scotia, Canada that honors Marconi. Visitors are able to see the site of the original radio transatlantic transmission from Europe to Canada and tour the Wireless Hall of Fame. Unquestionably Marconi’s contributions to communications and in particular the radio are still remembered and he ranks as one of the most outstanding innovators of the 20th century.
Interesting Fact
Marconi purchased a personal steam yacht called the Elettra. It became his personal floating lab, and he appreciated it so much that he named his daughter after it. He also used it to promote his products by navigating it blindly. The yacht was originally named 'Rovenska'. Years later, this ship was used by the British in World War I to search for hidden mines buried under the sea (Valotti n.pag.).
Wireless begins with a brief discussion of the 1995 centennial of the invention of radio by Marconi and a rebuttal by the British historians who oppose this claim. Using underused or previously overlooked or perhaps ignored resources the author disproves the claims against the originality and ingenuity of Marconi's 1897 patent on wireless telegraphy. While credit is given to several British scientists and engineers and their scientific discoveries and inventions, it was Marconi, a practitioner, who made the first significant breakthrough in practical wireless telegraphy when he "connected one end of the plate of the receiver, and one end of the transmitter, to the earth" (p. 20). Marconi transformed these scientific effects into wireless technologies and then exploited them for commercial purposes. The focus of British scientists and engineers on optical analogies, scientific experimentation and demonstration, and the fear of British national interests becoming monopolized (particularly by a foreigner) are the primary reasons for the dispute surrounding Marconi's patent. (By 1897 it was clear how wireless telegraphy would impact military interests.) The author shows in great detail how British scientists and engineers, namely physicist Oliver Lodge, J. J. Thomson, Minchin, Rollo Appleyard, and Campbell Swinton, deliberately constructed false scientific and social claims to discredit the originality of Marconi's patent.
Radio waves were first discovered in 1887, but radio itself was initially invented by Italian Guglielmo Marconi in 1895 (1). His biggest mentioned success was in 1901, when he managed to broadcast the letter “S” across the Atlantic Ocean (1). However, he focused primarily on point-to-point transmissions, not large scale broadcasts from one point (F). As such, three American inventors - Lee De Forest, Edwin Howard Armstrong, and David Sarnoff - took credit for making radio as it is today a success (F). De Forest was born and raised in Alabama and he thought of everything in terms of patents and eventually held more than 300, but many claimed that he simply stole the inventions of others (2). In 1900, he patented a device to enhance weak signals and in 1902, he formed the De Forest Wireless Telegraph Company (1). In the same year. Reginald Fessenden, a Canadian, invented the “electrolytic detector”, which later became the spade detector that brought De Forest so much fame (F). In 1904, John Fleming invented the oscillation valve, which later became De Forest’s audion, and De Forest won the gold medal at the St. Louis World’s Fair for his “spade detector” (F). De Forest gained quite a bit of fame by broadcasting music live from the Eiffel Tower and from the Metropolitan Opera; however, many believed that this was a scam and that he had actually had the device broadcasting the signal only a few blocks away (F). In 1906, he envisioned bringing music and voices to all American households, but as it turns out Canadian inventor Fessenden had already broadcasted a Christmas greeting and music to the crew of a ship off the coast of Canada on Christmas Eve a year earlier (F). In 1912, Armstrong became prominent by inventing regeneration, wh...
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